NiO/Mn3O4整体式催化剂催化分解臭氧的性能

将原料Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O、Mn₃O₄粉末和拟薄水铝石用球磨机球磨,以所得的浆料浸渍堇青石,经过焙烧,得到不同比例的NiO/Mn₃O₄催化剂。 通过催化分解臭氧活性测试发现,在空速为20000 h^-1时, 30NiO/Mn₃O₄(NiO占总质量的30%)催化剂的活性最高,臭氧分解率达到98%,催化剂活性稳定。 当提高空速为40000 h^-1,50NiO/Mn₃O₄(NiO占总质量的50%)催化剂的活性最高,臭氧分解率在90%左右,并且出现失活现象。 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温(TPR)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、BET比表面积法等表征,发现Mn₃O₄和NiO复合催化剂的比表面积大于单一金属氧化物催化剂的比表面积并且在Mn₃O₄和NiO复合催化剂中Mn₃O₄与NiO发生电子相互作用。 催化剂中的Mn₃O₄与NiO的协同催化作用。 使得Mn₃O₄与NiO混合物催化剂的还原温度降低,分解臭氧(O₃)活性提高。     

Magnetic CuO nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide as an efficient catalyst for A3-coupling synthesis of propargylamines

Magnetically separable CuO nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide (Fe₃O₄ NPs/GO-CuO NPs) is synthesized and characterized for the preparation of propargylamines in EtOH, at 90℃. Fe₃O₄ NPs/GO-CuO NPs is found to be an efficient catalyst for the A³-coupling of aldehydes, amines, and alkynes through C-H activation. Both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and alkynes are combined with secondary amines to provide a wide range of propargylamines in moderate to excellent yields.     

A highly selective magnetic sensor with functionalized Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles for detection of Pb2+

A magnetic sensor for detection of Pb~(2+) has been developed based on Fe/Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles modified by3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid(DHCA). The carboxyl groups of DHCA have a strong affinity to coordination behavior of Pb~(2+) thus inducing the transformation of Fe/Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles from a dispersed to an aggregated state with a corresponding decrease, then increase in transverse relaxation time(T_2) of the surrounding water protons. Upon addition of the different concentrations of Pb~(2+) to an aq. solution of DHCA functionalized Fe/Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles(DHCA-Fe/Fe_3O_4 NPs)([Fe] = 90 mmol/L), the change of T_2 values display a good linear relationship with the concentration of Pb~(2+) from 40 μmol/L to 100 μmol/L and from 130 μmol/L to 200 μmol/L, respectively. Owing to the especially strong interaction between DHCA and Pb~(2+), DHCA-Fe/Fe_3O_4 NPs exhibited a high selectivity over other metal ions.     

Oxygen species on NiO/Al2O3 and their reactivities

Oxygen species on fresh and treated NiO/Al₂O₃ and their activities for oxidation of ethane and ethylene were investigated using catalytic property measurements, ethane and ethylene pulse experiments and O₂–TPD–MS experiments. The results revealed that there are two kinds of active oxygen species (the more active one and the less active one) on fresh NiO/Al₂O₃ catalyst, but there is only one active oxygen species, the less active one, on treated NiO/Al₂O₃ catalyst. The more active oxygen species can convert ethane or ethylene to carbon dioxide by one step while the less active one can only convert ethane to ethylene, but cannot convert ethane and/or ethylene to carbon dioxide. The more active oxygen species can be removed from the catalyst by heating from 350 to 850 °C. The amounts of desorption oxygen on the catalysts are proportional to their selectivity to carbon dioxide.     

化学链制氢中Fe2O3/LaFeO3载氧体的性能研究

采用柠檬酸络合法制备Fe₂O₃/LaFeO₃复合氧化物,将该氧化物作为化学链制氢过程的载氧体,在反应温度为900 ℃、常压下,对Fe₂O₃/CH₄（剂烷比）、进水量、金属负载量进行了考察。结果表明,剂烷比为2：1、进水量为0.1 mL、质量分数15%Fe时载氧体性能最好,甲烷转化率达到60%,单次循环氢气产量为45 mL。将该评价结果与XRD和H₂-TPR表征结果进行关联发现,反应过程的活性位不是金属氧化物,而是吸附氧,而且吸附氧越容易还原,甲烷转化率和氢气产量越高。通过连续60次还原-氧化循环发现,该载氧体上甲烷转化率和氢气产量比较稳定,循环后仍然保持钙钛矿结构。     

A high-efficient amperometric hydrazine sensor based on novel electrospun CoFe2O4 spinel nanofibers

HeterojunctionFe_2O_3 nanoparticles(NPs), NiFe_2O_4 nanofibers(NFs), and CoFe_2O_4 NFs were synthesized by electrospinning and the subsequent thermal treatment processes. Characterization results indeed display the three-dimensional net-like textural structures of these as-electrospun spinel-type MFe_2O_4 NFs. The MFe_2O_4 NFs-based film configurations possess abundant micro/meso/macropores on their surface. These structures could afford more accessible transport channels for effective reduction of the mass transport resistance and improvement of the density of exposed catalytic active sites. All these advantages are responsible for the enhanced electro-catalytic performance of these MFe_2O_4 NFs in hydrazine oxidation. When used for hydrazine detection, CoFe_2O_4 NFs show the best catalytic efficiency.For example, the CoFe_2O_4 NFs possess a large sensitivity of 1327 mA cmà2(mmol Là1[à1in the linear range of 0.01 to 0.1 mmol Là1and 503 mA cmà2(mmol Là1)à1in the linear range of 0.1 to 11 mmol Là1, a response time of shorter than 3 s, good reproducibility and remarkable long-term stability. The superior catalytic efficiency, excellent stability, low cost, and ease of fabrication render CoFe_2O_4 NFs very promising materials in developing an electrochemical device that directly detects hydrazine.     

Thermal solid–solid interactions and physicochemical properties of NiO/Fe2O3 system doped with K2O

The effects of calcination temperature and doping with K₂O on solid–solid interactions and physicochemical properties of NiO/Fe₂O₃ system were investigated using TG, DTA and XRD techniques. The amounts of potassium, expressed as mol% K₂O were 0.62, 1.23, 2.44 and 4.26. The pure and variously doped mixed solids were thermally treated at 300, 500, 750, 900 and 1000 °C. The catalytic activity was determined for each solid in H₂O₂ decomposition reaction at 30–50 °C. The results obtained showed that the doping process much affected the degree of crystallinity of both NiO and Fe₂O₃ phases detected for all solids calcined at 300 and 500 °C. Fe₂O₃ interacted readily with NiO at temperature starting from 700 °C producing crystalline NiFe₂O₄ phase. The degree of reaction propagation increased with increasing calcination temperature. The completion of this reaction required a prolonged heating at temperature >900 °C. K₂O-doping stimulates the ferrite formation to an extent proportional to its amount added. The stimulation effect of potassium was evidenced by following up the change in the peak height of certain diffraction lines characteristic NiO, Fe₂O₃, NiFe₂O₄ phases located at “d” spacing 2.08, 2.69 and 2.95 Å, respectively. The change of peak height of the diffraction lines at 2.95 Å as a function of firing temperature of pure and doped mixed solids enabled the calculation of the activation energy (ΔE) of the ferrite formation. The computed ΔE values were 120, 80, 49, 36 and 25 kJ mol⁻¹ for pure and variously doped solids, respectively. The decrease in ΔE value of NiFe₂O₄ formation as a function of dopant added was not only attributed to an effective increase in the mobility of reacting cations but also to the formation of potassium ferrite. The calcination temperature and doping with K₂O much affected the catalytic activity of the system under investigation.     

助剂CuO和La2O3对NiO/α-Al2O3甲烷催化部分氧化制合成气引发过程的影响

采用分步浸渍法制备了NiO/α-Al₂O₃、NiO-CuO/α-Al₂O₃和NiO-La₂O₃/α-Al₂O₃三种催化剂,运用程序升温表面反应（TPSR）技术考察了助剂CuO和La₂O₃对NiO/α-Al₂O₃甲烷催化部分氧化（CPOM）反应引发过程的影响。结果表明,无论是否经过预还原处理,NiO/α-Al₂O₃催化剂在CH₄/O₂混合气氛下进行程序升温表面反应（CH₄/O₂-TPSR）时,即使升高到910℃也不能引发CPOM反应。添加助剂CuO或La₂O₃后,NiO-CuO/α-Al₂O₃和NiO-La₂O₃/α-Al₂O₃催化剂在CH₄/O₂-TPSR过程中均可以引发CPOM反应。原因分别是CuO促进了CH₄对NiO的还原以及抑制了O₂对Ni0的再氧化,La₂O₃减小了Ni晶粒粒径和还原时扩散阻力促进NiO的还原。     

助剂Ni与载体的相互作用及其对NiMo/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

以γ-Al_2O_3为载体,制备了一系列不同NiO负载量的NiMo/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,利用XRD、~(27)Al-MAS NMR、Py-FTIR和HRTEM等技术对其进行了表征;在高压微反装置对该系列催化剂的加氢脱硫性能进行了评价,研究了助剂Ni与载体γ-Al_2O_3中不饱和铝间的相互作用及其对催化剂活性相结构形貌和催化活性的影响。结果表明,助剂Ni优先作用于γ-Al_2O_3表面的四配位不饱和铝原子位置;随着NiO负载量的增加,硫化态NiMo/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂中MoS_2活性相的长度变短、堆垛层数增加。Ni的引入能明显提高NiMo/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的加氢脱硫活性,但其加氢选择性则有所降低。     

MnCl_2改性γ-Al_2O_3毛细管填充柱气相色谱分析氢同位素

针对常规气相色谱填充柱分析稳定氢同位素的柱效低、峰宽大、保留时间长等问题,采用MnCl_2改性γ-Al_2O_3填充的石英毛细管柱开展了系统性柱效分析及氢同位素分析技术研究。研究结果表明,使用MnCl_2对γ-Al_2O_3进行改性后,可大大改善单纯的γ-Al_2O_3表面有序度、孔结构和吸附性质,并将正氢(o-H_2)和仲氢(p-H_2)峰洗脱在单一谱峰区域内。制备的长1.0 m、内径0.53 mm的石英毛细填充柱与热导检测器(TCD)级联测试,在体积浓度1至10 m L/L范围内有较好的线性关系,对于低浓度样品检测的相对误差不大于5%。H_2、HD和D_2的保留时间可分别缩短至39、46和60 s,检出限可分别降低至0.046、0.067和0.072 m L/L。毛细管填充柱较常规填充柱具有峰形尖锐、相邻组分分离度高、保留时间短、检出限低等优点,可用于低浓度氢同位素快速测量及氢同位素在线分析。     

MOF derived Co3O4/N-doped carbon nanotubes hybrids as efficient catalysts for sensitive detection of H2O2 and glucose

Developing enzyme-free sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity for H2O2 and glucose is highly desirable for biological science.Especially,it is attractive to exploit noble-metal-free nanomaterials with large surface area and good conductivity as highly active and selective catalysts for molecular detection in enzyme-free sensors.Herein,we successfully fabricate hollow frameworks of Co3O4/N-doped carbon nanotubes(Co3O4/NCNTs)hybrids by the pyrolysis of metal-organic frameworks followed by calcination in the air.The as-prepared novel hollow Co3O4/NCNTs hybrids exhibit excellent electrochemical performance for H2O2 reduction in neutral solutions and glucose oxidation in alkaline solutions.As sensor electrode,the Co3O4/NCNTs show excellent non-enzymatic sensing ability towards H2O2 response with a sensitivity of 87.40μA(mmol/L)^-1 cm^-2,a linear range of 5.00μmol/L-11.00 mmol/L,and a detection limitation of 1μmol/L in H2O2 detection,and a good glucose detection performance with 5μmol/L.These excellent electrochemical performances endow the hollow Co3O4/NCNTs as promising alternative to enzymes in the biological applications.     

Zr改性Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂用于浆态相合成气的低温甲烷化

采用浆态床反应器,在低温(300~330 ℃)下进行合成气的甲烷化反应.实验中通过共浸渍法(包括含浸-旋蒸法)制备了锆(Zr)修饰的Ni/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,并考察其与单一NiO、未掺杂Zr 的Ni/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的催化性能差异.研究表明,载体γ-Al₂O₃的引入能够明显地提高CO的转化率和甲烷的选择性,而Zr的掺杂会进一步提升催化剂的催化活性.在325 ℃,空速为4 200 mL·g^-1·h^-1时,CO的转化率可以达到86.41%,甲烷选择性为90.53%.催化剂的表征结果表明,Zr的添加促进了Ni在催化剂表面的分散、减弱了活性Ni与载体的相互作用,抑制了低甲烷化活性的NiAl₂O₄的生成,使得催化剂的反应性能得到较大提高.     

H2WO4/GO的制备及其超声-氧化脱除模拟油中的硫化物

以钨酸和氧化石墨烯为原料,利用浸渍法将钨酸负载到氧化石墨烯上制得H₂WO₄/GO。采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、BET表征确定H₂WO₄/GO的形态及其结构。以H₂WO₄/GO作为催化剂,H₂O₂作为氧化剂,乙腈作为萃取剂超声氧化脱除模拟油中的二苯并噻吩（DBT）。实验表明,在模拟油为5 mL,钨酸的负载量为30%（质量分数）,催化剂为0.02 g,乙腈为1 mL,H₂O₂/S（mol ratio）为8,反应温度为50℃,超声功率为150 W的最佳反应条件下,二苯并噻吩（DBT）、4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩（4,6-DMDBT）、苯并噻吩（BT）的脱除率分别达到96.6%、81.2%、72.8%。同时,考察了催化剂的循环使用性能,并对超声氧化脱硫机理进行了研究。     

Surface molecular imprinting on g-C3N4 photooxidative nanozyme for improved colorimetric biosensing

Molecular imprinting on g-C₃N₄ leads to an over 1000-fold alleviation in matrix-interference from serum samples.     

Protein nanoparticles containing Cu(II) and DOX for efficient chemodynamic therapy via self-generation of H2O2

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) refers to generating hydroxyl radical (^·OH) in tumor sites via hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) catalyzed by transition metal ions in cancer cells under acidic environment. However, H₂O₂ content is not enough for effective CDT, although H₂O₂ content in cancer cells is higher than that of normal cells. Herein, we synthesized DOX@BSA-Cu NPs (nanoparticles) for effective CDT by providing enhanced content of H₂O₂ in cancer cells. The results proved Cu²⁺ in NPs could be reduced to Cu⁺ by glutathione (GSH) and effectively converted H₂O₂ to ^·OH. Moreover, the loaded low-dose doxorubicin (DOX) in the NPs could improve the content of H₂O₂ and resulted in more efficient generation of ^·OH in cancer cells. Thus DOX@BSA-Cu NPs exhibited higher cytotoxicity to cancer cells. This research may provide new ideas for the further studies on more effective Cu(II)-based CDT nanoagents.     

超临界水热极速合成异质结构H4SiW12O40/Bi2WO6光催化剂及其脱氮性能

采用超临界水热合成方式极速合成一种H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/Bi_2WO_6光催化剂,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、比表面积及孔隙度(BET)测定对所合成催化剂的结构和性质进行了考察,并以吡啶含量为15 mg/g的模拟油对光催化剂的脱氮效果进行评价。结果表明,该光催化剂为二维纳米片自组装成的三维球状结构,其中,H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)与Bi_2WO_6不是简单的固载关系而是在超临界水热条件下生成一种新的晶相,正是由于这种晶相的存在,使得H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)牢固固载在Bi_2WO_6光催化剂本体上的同时,对光生载流子进行了有效疏导,提升了H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/Bi_2WO_6光催化剂的使用寿命和光催化活性。本研究针对光催化剂制备周期与晶形发育的矛盾,将超临界水热技术与光催化剂模板导向合成技术有机结合,在获得良好晶形异质结构H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/Bi_2WO_6光催化剂的同时明显缩短了光催化剂的制备周期,从而降低了催化剂的制备成本,攻克了光催化剂工业化应用的主要矛盾,所制备的H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/Bi_2WO_6光催化剂轻质油脱氮效率达97%以上。     

The vapour pressure of di-arsenic pentoxide (As2O5)

The arsenic oxide pressure of As₂O₅ has been studied using mass spectrometry and a transportation method. Mass spectrometry revealed the presence of the species As₄O⁺₆, As₄O⁺₇, and As₄O⁺₈ in the vapour. The existence of volatile species up to As₄O₁₀(g) as a result of the reaction As₄O₁₀(g) As₄O_(10−y) (g) +1/2yO₂(g) has been assumed.

The oxygen pressure of this equilibrium builds up very slowly. The equilibrium pressure can be expressed by log(p_O2/atm) (880−952 K) = −(13940±930)/T + (14.53 ± 1.01)

A stationary arsenic oxide pressure has been measured using the transportation method. Since the oxygen pressure in the transportation gas did not influence the arsenic oxide pressure, it is assumed that only the As₄O₁₀(g) pressure has been measured. The results can be expressed by the linear function log(p_As4O10/atm) (865−1009 K) = −(15741 ± 410)/T + (13.87 ± 0.42).     

Thermoelectric properties of the AA′3B4O12-type ordered perovskite oxides

The perovskite transition-metal oxide ABO₃ has been extensively studied in various areas in solids. While the B ion determines the electronic properties, e.g., ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and superconductivity, the A site has been regarded as a “back-seat player” to change the doping level or the bandwidth. However, in the ordered perovskite oxide AA′₃B₄O₁₂, the A site order is closely related to the peculiar electronic states. In CaMn₃Mn₄O₁₂, the unusually small bandwidth justifies to extrapolate the transport data to the high-temperature limit, and in CaCu₃Ru₄O₁₂, a novel heavy-fermion state is realized through the Cu–O–Ru interaction.     

Germanium and silicon compounds as promoters for Re2O7/SiO2-Al2O3 metathesis catalysts

The effect of replacement of R₄Sn by germanium and silicon derivatives as the promoter for the catalyst system Re₂O₇/SiO₂-Al₂O₃ in the metathesis of hex-1-ene, and the system Re₂O₇/B₂O₃/SiO₂-Al₂O₃ in the metathesis of methyl oleate, was studied. The new promoters react slowly with the rhenium oxide. An activation time of about 15 min at temperatures varying from 50 to 75 °C is required for obtaining a good catalytic activity. These promoters can replace the toxic tin compounds, although they give rise to lower turnover numbers in the metathesis of methyl oleate.     

NiO-Fe2O3/MD催化剂的制备及其在城市生活垃圾气化中的应用

以改性白云石(Modified Dolomite, MD)为载体,利用沉积沉淀法制备了负载型NiO-Fe₂O₃/MD催化剂,并利用XRD、SEM、TEM、BET等手段对催化剂进行了表征和分析.同时,利用双固定床反应器对NiO-Fe₂O₃/MD催化剂在城市生活垃圾气化中的催化活性和使用寿命进行了评价,并与NiO/MD催化剂进行了比较.实验结果表明,NiO-Fe₂O₃/MD催化剂为核壳式涂层结构,表面活性颗粒粒径约为37 nm,比表面积62.48 m²/g.催化剂活性测试显示,NiO-Fe₂O₃/MD催化剂用于城市生活垃圾气化具有极高的催化活性,能够显著提高产品燃气品质及燃气中的H₂含量,减少焦油的产生;相对于NiO/MD催化剂,其抗失活能力强,使用寿命长.