Visible light induced cross-coupling synthesis of asymmetrical heterobiaryls using Pd/CeO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst

A simple, mild and green approach has been developed for the synthesis of asymmetrical heterobiaryls under the irradiation of visible light without any oxidants and promoting reagents through using Pd/CeO₂ nanocomposite photocatalyst. This method tolerates considerable functional groups such as electron-donating groups and electron-withdrawing groups through C-C cross-coupling.     

不同晶型氧化锆对Pd/ZrO2催化剂活性和稳定性影响

Pd/ZrO2是甲烷低温燃烧研究较为广泛的催化剂,其中载体ZrO2对稳定PdO起到了重要作用。 采用水热法合成了纯相的M-ZrO2和T-ZrO2,然后采用浸渍法制备了Pd/M-ZrO2和Pd/T-ZrO2催化剂,并考察了不同晶型ZrO2对催化剂的活性和稳定性的影响。 结果表明,Pd/M-ZrO2催化剂的活性和稳定性明显优于Pd/T-ZrO2。 结合XRD、TEM和TPO表征结果,发现Pd/M-ZrO2活性高的原因是PdO分散性更好,Pd/M-ZrO2较好的稳定性与PdO和ZrO2的作用方式有关。     

CuO/ZrO_2催化水煤气变换反应制氢:ZrO_2载体焙烧温度的影响

以经不同温度(120、250、350、450℃)焙烧处理的ZrO_2为载体,采用沉积-沉淀法制备了系列CuO/ZrO_2催化剂;考察了富氢气氛下催化剂的水煤气变换反应(WGS)催化性能。结果表明,CuO/ZrO_2催化剂的催化活性随ZrO_2载体焙烧温度的升高呈现先升高后降低的"火山型"变化趋势,在焙烧温度为250℃时取得最高值。采用X射线粉末衍射、N_2物理吸附-脱附、N_2O滴定、H_2程序升温还原和CO程序升温还原及质谱跟踪等技术研究了系列ZrO_2载体及CuO/ZrO_2催化剂的结构和还原性能。结果表明,随着ZrO_2焙烧温度的升高,一方面,CuO/ZrO_2催化剂的Cu分散度逐渐降低,与ZrO_2具有强相互作用的高分散活性Cu-[O]-Zr物种("[]"表示ZrO_2表面氧空位)逐渐减少;另一方面,Cu-[O]-Zr物种的还原能力逐渐增强,并诱导催化剂活性表面羟基的还原能力也相应增强(CO为还原剂),即降低了催化剂对WGS反应的起活温度。两方面的综合作用使得ZrO_2载体焙烧温度为250℃(中等温度)时,CuO/ZrO_2催化剂的WGS催化活性最高。     

Visible light induced decomposition of sulfonyl hydrazides using Pd/ZrO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst

A new approach to synthesis of thiosulfonates has been developed under mild conditions without any oxidants and promoting reagents through a Pd/ZrO₂ nanocomposite photocatalyst catalyzed decomposition of sulfonyl hydrazides. This protocol gave the products in moderate yields, comparable to the best results reported so far. Finally, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.     

CO2加氢合成甲醇Cu/ZrO2催化剂的失活因素

采用低温氮气吸脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、电镜(TEM)以及热重差热(TG-DSC)等手段,对不同反应时间下Cu/ZrO₂催化剂的物理结构、微观形貌以及积炭情况进行了表征,分析了催化剂的失活原因。结果表明,造成催化剂失活的主要因素是活性组分烧结;其次,表面积炭覆盖其活性中心也造成催化剂活性在一定程度上的降低;而催化剂比表面积对其活性的影响较小。     

Liquid phase mononitration of chlorobenzene over WOx/ZrO2: A study of catalyst and reaction parameters

To study the effect of W concentration and activation temperature of the catalysts a series of WO_x/ZrO₂ samples with varying concentration of W (10–25 wt.%) were prepared and activated at 650/750 °C. XRD of sample shows 15 wt.% W stabilizes the tetragonal phase of zirconia up to 750 °C. Above and less than 15 wt.% shows peaks corresponding to monoclinic WO₃ and monoclinic ZrO₂, respectively. Further, the tungsten modification stabilizes the specific surface area of ZrO₂. There is an increase in the surface area observed up to 15 wt.% W, which declines on further increase in the concentration. The NH₃ TPD confirms the presence of acid sites with varying strength from the broad desorption profile. The 15 wt.% W and activated at 750 °C shows maximum acidity. The results of the nitration reaction of chlorobezene imply the 15 wt.% W and activation at 750 °C shows maximum activity. Not only yield, a better para-selectivity is also achieved with WO_x/ZrO₂ samples. Effect of activation temperature, W concentration and reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time, the presence of solvent and solvent free medium on activity and selectivity are studied in details.     

Cu/Mn/ZrO2 catalyst for alcohol synthesis by Fischer-Tropsch modified elements

A Cu/Mn/ZrO₂ methanol synthesis catalyst modified by Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) element (Ni,Co,Fe) was prepared by an coprecipatation method. The addition of F-T elements had a great effect on the catalyst performance. The higher alcohol selectivity increased greatly compared with that of the Cu/Mn/ZrO₂ catalyst when nickel and cobalt were added, while the addition of iron improved the selectivity tohydrocarbon due to the interaction of the F-T element and the Cu/Mn/ZrO₂ catalyst.     

CeO2/TiO2光催化剂的制备及其可见光脱氮性能

采用溶胶-凝胶和浸渍掺杂两步法合成了CeO₂/TiO₂光催化剂,并对催化剂的理化结构进行表征分析;以吡啶-正辛烷体系为模拟油品氮源,研究了该催化剂在可见光作用下的光催化脱氮行为,并探究了光催化脱氮的最佳反应条件。 结果表明,掺杂的铈主要以CeO₂的形式存在,且增强了催化剂在可见光区的吸收;在可见光辐照150 min的条件下,铈的掺杂量质量分数为8%,所制备的CeO₂/TiO₂催化剂投入量为1.0 g/L时,模拟油品中吡啶的脱氮率高达76.45%。     

CoOx-CeOx/ZrO2催化氧化NO性能及抗SO2毒化研究

采用浸渍法制备了一系列CoO_x-CeO_x/ZrO₂催化剂,探讨了催化剂载体、Co含量、Co/Ce配比等对Co基催化剂催化氧化NO活性的影响及其机理。ZrO₂负载的Co氧化物具有优良的低温NO催化氧化活性,铈的添加进一步提高了催化剂的低温活性。其促进机制主要是提高了催化剂吸附氧的能力及改善了Co在催化剂表面的分散。同时,掺杂铈使得催化剂抗SO₂能力有一定增强,呈现出选择性毒化机制。     

Y修饰CuO/ZrO_2催化剂高效催化水煤气变换反应制氢

采用水热法制备了具有不同Y掺杂量的单分散ZrO_2纳米粒子(n(Y)/n(Y+Zr)=0-5%),并以其为载体采用沉积-沉淀法制得CuO/ZrO_2催化剂;考察了富氢气氛下上述催化剂的水煤气变换反应(WGS)催化性能。结果表明,掺杂Y后催化剂的活性明显提高,其中,载体掺杂2%Y的催化剂具有最佳的催化活性,在270℃时的CO转化率高达91.4%,明显高于研究较多的CuO/ZnO和CuO/CeO_2催化剂。X射线粉末衍射、N_2物理吸附-脱附、N_2O滴定、扫描电镜和CO程序升温还原等表征结果表明,Y~(3+)掺入了ZrO_2的晶格并对催化剂的结构和还原性能产生直接影响。Y助剂的引入一方面促进了CuO在ZrO_2表面的分散,提高了催化剂表面活性Cu-[O]-Zr物种的含量;另一方面,改善了催化剂的颗粒单分散性和织构性能。载体掺杂2%Y助剂的样品具有较高的Cu-[O]-Zr物种含量、较佳的颗粒单分散性和织构性能,且其表面的Cu-[O]-Zr物种和活性羟基具有较佳的还原性能,因而表现出较高的催化活性     

Novel Bi2MoO6 Nanosheets/Vertical TiO2 Nanorods Arrays Heterojunction with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance under Visible Light Irradiation

Novel Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ heterojunction was fabricated by growing Bi₂MoO₆ nanosheets arrays on the vertically aligned TiO₂ nanorods arrays via a two-step solvothermal method. The obtained Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ hierarchical heterojunction showed excellent visible light photoelectrochemical performance. Compared with the pure TiO₂ and Bi₂MoO₆, the photocurrent density of the heterojunction was increased 57 and 29 times, respectively. Furthermore, the hydrogen generation rate of the Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ for photoelectrocatalytic water-splitting was about 6 times higher than that of the pure Bi₂MoO₆. The improved performance can be attributed to the synergistic effects of enhanced absorption of visible light, increase of migration rate and separation efficiency of photo-induced carriers.     

ZrO2修饰Cu催化剂还原以及反应过程中表面组成的变化

通过热分解法制备Cu模型催化剂,然后经浸渍制备ZrO₂/Cu催化剂,采用SEM、XPS考察了催化剂表面形态和组成,并采用in-situ Raman考察了催化剂在还原和吸附CO和水的过程中随时间的变化。结果表明,还原前Cu催化剂表面主要存在CuO物种,而在ZrO₂/Cu表面,除了CuO物种,还存在着大量的表面羟基物种。ZrO₂/Cu相对Cu更加容易还原为Cu⁰,同时,ZrO₂在催化剂表面聚集形成絮状态,而Cu催化剂还原后主要形成Cu₂O物种。Cu催化剂表面吸附CO后,除了形成Cu-CO外,Cu₂O物种均会迅速消失形成CO₂。Cu催化剂对水的作用比较弱,但是ZrO₂/Cu催化剂和水作用较强,并且通过Cu-OH中间物形成Cu₂O物种。     

浆态床中Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2+γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂一步法合成二甲醚

采用共沉淀法,制备了纤维状CD501甲醇合成催化剂,采用SEM、TEM、XRD和BET等手段对催化剂进行了表征;并将其进一步和γ-Al₂O₃进行混合,获得了Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃/ZrO₂+γ-Al₂O₃双功能催化剂,考察了其在浆态床中一步法合成二甲醚过程的催化特性。结果表明,相比商业催化剂(COM)和LP201催化剂,新型的CD501催化剂具有更大的比表面积和Cu/Zn分散性。对于浆态床中一步法合成二甲醚过程,采用CD501与γ-Al₂O₃双功能催化剂,相比采用COM或LP201与γ-Al₂O₃双功能催化剂,CO转化率提高了一倍,且经过270h测试,CO转化率从61%降至57%,二甲醚时空产率从0.54g/(g·h)降至0.48g/(g·h),稳定性显著优于COM催化剂。当反应温度为250℃,压力为4.0MPa,空速为3000mL/(g·h),氢碳比为1.0时,该催化剂应用在浆态床一步法合成二甲醚时,CO转化率为61%,DME时空产率达到0.54g/(g·h)。     

SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂表面酸性质对正丁烷异构化反应性能的影响研究

采用“沉淀-浸渍”法制备一系列不同硫酸负载量的SO₄^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂,利用N₂吸附-脱附、Py-FTIR、XRD等手段对催化剂进行表征。在常压、200 ℃、H₂：C₄=2：3和质量空速为3 h^-1的反应条件下,在固定床微型反应评价装置上考察了硫酸负载量对SO₄^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化正丁烷异构化反应性能的影响。Py-FTIR结果表明,硫酸化处理为催化剂表面提供了丰富的Brønsted酸性位,其中,强Brønsted酸性位在正丁烷异构化反应中起重要作用,因此,硫酸化处理可显著提高正丁烷异构化活性,而Lewis酸性位与之没有直接关系。     

局部表面等离子体共振可调的MoO3-x-TiO2纳米复合物用于提高可见光下光催化还原CO2的性能(英文)

利用太阳能光催化还原CO₂和H₂O到燃料和化学品是一条极具吸引力但又充满挑战性的转化途径.迄今为止,只有非常有限的光催化剂已经被报道可以在可见光照射下光催化还原CO₂.局部表面等离子体共振(LSPR)现象可以被用作一种有效的开发可见光催化剂的策略.贵金属Au,Ag,Pt等的LSPR现象已经被较为广泛的研究,并应用于光催化、光热、气敏等多种领域.而低价态金属自掺杂的金属氧化物,如MoO_3-x和WO_3-x,也被证明具有LSPR现象,可用于开发更加廉价的可见光催化剂.本文通过简单的溶剂热法成功合成了低价态Mo自掺杂的MoO_3-x纳米片催化剂,并在合成过程中原位加入TiO₂纳米颗粒(TiO₂-NP)和TiO₂纳米棒(TiO₂-NT),构建了MoO_3-x-TiO₂纳米复合物.电镜表征显示,MoO_3-x-TiO     

Active and recyclable ordered mesoporous magnetic organometallic catalyst as high‐performance visible light photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants

A novel light‐active magnetic Pd complex as a photocatalyst was prepared through bonding organometallics to mesoporous silica channels formed on the surface of silica‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles. The nanocomposite (denoted as Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@m‐SiO₂@PDA‐Pd(0); PDA = 1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐dicarbaldehyde) is more efficient and has higher photocatalytic capability in the degradation of 2,4‐dichlorophenol under visible light irradiation compared with virgin Pd complex (PDA‐Pd). This noteworthy photodegradation activity can be due to the high dispersion of Pd nanoparticles. High yield, low reaction time and non‐toxicity of the catalyst are the main merits of this protocol. Also magnetic separation is an environmentally friendly alternative method for the separation and recovery of the catalyst, since it minimizes the use of solvents and auxiliary materials, reduces operation time and minimizes catalyst loss by preventing mass loss and oxidation. The produced Pd catalyst was characterised using various techniques. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy characterization was used for determining the structural properties of the Pd nanocatalyst.     

SO42-/ZrO2的制备工艺对催化橡胶籽油裂解油酯化的影响

以SO₄^2-/ZrO₂为催化剂对橡胶籽油裂解油进行甲酯化。研究了锆源、焙烧温度及焙烧时间对催化剂活性的影响,分别采用氨气吸附程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)和吡啶红外(Py-IR)对固体酸SO₄^2-/ZrO₂的酸性和酸型进行分析。实验结果表明,以ZrOCl₂为锆源,550℃焙烧4 h所得固体酸SO₄^2-/ZrO₂的催化活性最好,性能较稳定。对酯化产物的组成及性能进行了考察,结果表明,酯化产物的各项性能均优于传统工艺制备的生物燃油,且与0^#柴油相近。     

Cu/ZrO2催化剂中的氢和水逆溢流效应及其对甲醇分解反应的影响

应用漫反射红外和质谱在线技术对H₂, H₂O及甲醇在ZrO₂及Cu/ZrO₂上的程序升温脱附(TPD)及程序升温反应(TPSR)行为进行了研究. 结果表明, Cu/ZrO₂催化剂中铜锆组分间表现出显著的氢和水组分“逆溢流”效应. 对Cu/ZrO₂催化体系中ZrO₂表面线式及桥式羟基物种浓度随还原预处理温度变化的进一步分析表明, 由于氢和水“逆溢流效应”的存在, 使得Cu/ZrO₂在较低的还原温度下活化的同时, 在铜锆界面处形成较丰富的氧阴离子和氧空穴活性位, 而后者的形成与存在直接影响并决定了甲醇在Cu/ZrO₂催化剂上的低温催化分解行为.     

Effects of type of contact between Co/SiO2 and Pd/b on the direct synthesis of isoparaffins from synthesis gas

The effect of addition of Pd/b on the Co/SiO₂ catalyst was studied for F-T reaction. Pd/b could enhance the formation of C₄-C₉ isoparaffins while the Co/SiO₂ catalyst alone gave the products with wide carbon numbers distribution. The reason is the olefins and long-chain normal paraffins from F-T reaction on Co/SiO₂ catalyst form light hydrocarbons containing isoparaffins through the hydrocracking and hydroisomerization on Pd/b. For Co/SiO₂+Pd/b catalyst, the selectivity to isoparaffins depends on the contact conditions. The granular hybrid catalyst is much more selective for isomerization than the powder hybrid catalyst, while the selectivity to CH₄, n-paraffins and olefins is lower than that on the powder hybrid catalyst. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The role of NH3 atmosphere in preparing nitrogen-doped TiO2 by mechanochemical reaction

NH₃ atmosphere in ball milling plays an important role in preparing TiO_2−XN_X by a simple mechanochemical reaction. The results show that the structure transformation of titania milled in NH₃ is greatly delayed compared with that in air. The specific surface area of titania milled in NH₃ for 2 h is two times larger than that in air. It was also found that titania prepared in NH₃ has obvious absorbance for visible light. Mechanochemical milling in NH₃ atmosphere offers a new route to prepare TiO_2−XN_X with high surface area.