RAPD Markers Associated with Salt Tolerance in Soybean Genotypes Under Salt Stress

In order to investigate the influence of genetic background on salt tolerance in soybean (Glycine max), ten soybean genotypes (Pusa-20, Pusa-40, Pusa-37, Pusa-16, Pusa-24, Pusa-22, BRAGG, PK-416, PK-1042, and DS-9712) released in India, were selected and grown hydroponically. The 10-day-old seedlings were subjected to 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 mM NaCl for 15 days. Plant growth, leaf osmotic adjustment, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis were studied. In comparison to control plants, the plant growth in all genotypes was decreased by salt stress, respectively. Salt stress decreased leaf osmotic potential in all genotypes; however, the maximum reduction was observed in genotype Pusa-24 followed by PK-416 and Pusa-20, while minimum reduction was shown by genotype Pusa-37, followed by BRAGG and PK-1042. Pusa-16, Pusa-22, Pusa-40, and DS-9712 were able to tolerate NaCl treatment up to the level of 75 Mm. The difference in osmotic adjustment between all the genotypes was correlated with the concentrations of ion examined such as Na⁺ and the leaf proline concentration. These results suggest that the genotypic variation for salt tolerance can be partially accounted by plant physiological measures. Twenty RAPD primers revealed high polymorphism and genetic variation among ten soybean genotypes studied. The closer varieties in the cluster behaved similarly in their response to salinity tolerance. Intra-clustering within the two clusters precisely grouped the ten genotypes in sub-cluster as expected from their physiological findings. Our study shows that RAPD technique is a sensitive, precise, and efficient tool for genomic analysis in soybean genotypes.     

An Analysis of Variability in the Content of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids in Camelina Seeds Depending on Weather Conditions,Functional Form,and Genotypes

Camelina oil obtained from the seeds of Camelina sativa exhibits strong antioxidative properties. This study was based on four years of field experiments conducted on 63 genotypes of spring and 11 genotypes of winter camelina. The aim of the study was to determine the variability in the content of the selected bioactive compounds, depending on the weather conditions during the cultivation, the functional form, and genotype. The cultivation form of the genotypes analysed in our study did not exhibit significant differences in the quantitative profiles of the tested phenolic acids and flavonoids. Sinapic acid was the most abundant of all phenolic acids under analysis (617–668 mg/kg), while quercetin was the main flavonoid (91–161 mg/kg). Camelina has great potential not only for the food industry but also for researchers attempting to breed an oil plant with the stable biosynthesis of bioactive compounds to ensure oxidative protection of obtained fat.     

稀土对NaCl胁迫下矮牵牛幼苗生长抑制的缓解效应

以矮牵牛为材料,采用组织培养的方法,探讨硝酸稀土对NaCl胁迫下矮牵牛幼苗生长抑制的缓解效应.结果表明,在试验区间范围内,采用90 mg·L-1硝酸稀土对0.4%的NaCl胁迫下矮牵牛的株高、单株鲜重和根长有明显的缓解效应,分别为:14.5%,19.9%和53.2%,对生根率缓解效应不明显;当NaCl浓度为0.8%,硝酸稀土对株高和单株鲜重缓解效应不明显,对根长和生根率反而有抑制作用,抑制效应分别达到34.6%和48.4%.在一定范围内硝酸稀土对NaCl胁迫矮牵牛根系的POD,SOD和CAT同工酶的活性均有促进作用,表达种类无明显变化.随着硝酸稀土处理浓度的提高,叶片POD同工酶活性呈现低-高-低变化,表达种类无明显变化;SOD同工酶活性增强,表达种类增多;CAT同工酶活性下降,表达种类减少.     

Fatty Acids Profiling and Biomarker Identification in Snow Alga Chlamydomonas Nivalis by NaCl Stress Using GC/MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

The snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis is a model species of microalgae for the investigation of cell response mechanism and adaptation ability in natural habitats in polar regions and similar extreme environments. The alteration of fatty acids in cellular lipids is known to play a vital role for cell survival and reproduction under various stress conditions. In the present work, an integrated approach of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) coupled with multivariate statistical analysis was developed to investigate the fatty acid profiles and identify the biomarkers in response to NaCl stress. The data of fatty acid profiles between the control and NaCl-stress group was classified by orthogonal projection on latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA); six of fatty acids (C16:0, C16:3, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3) were identified as biomarkers. These biomarkers showed a regulatory role by decreasing the degree of lipid unsaturation (DLU), providing an expected function in reducing membrane fluidity and permeability for enhancing the tolerance to higher salinity. This is the first report to demonstrate the fatty acid biomarkers in microalgae as the physiological regulators corresponding to the response and adaptation to NaCl stress based on an integrated approach at the lipidomic level.     

Accumulation of Lipids and Triglycerides in Isochrysis galbana Under Nutrient Stress

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - This study examines the relationship between the algal biomass as well as lipid and triglyceride contents in Isochrysis galbana and variation in nutrient...     

金乌贼脑和视神经节蛋白质组比较分析

采用双向凝胶电泳(2D-PAGE)技术优化分离金乌贼的脑及视神经节全蛋白质, 并选用肽质量指纹谱(Peptide mass fingerprinting, PMF)技术和数据库检索方法对2D-PAGE图谱上的部分蛋白质斑点进行鉴定, 初步构建了金乌贼视神经节(Optic ganglion of Sepia esculenta, SEOG)和脑神经节(Cerebral ganglion of Sepia esculenta, SECG)部分分子解剖图谱. 用Melanie 4 Trial软件分析脑神经节和视神经节蛋白质斑点总数量分别为682和594个, 其中SECG蛋白质斑点数量明显多于SEOG. 在脑神经节和视神经节中均发现了线粒体苹果酸脱氢酶前体(Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase precursor, pre-MDH)及可溶性NSF连接蛋白(SNAP-type proteins). 此外, 延长因子(Elongation factor G)、微管蛋白(Tubulin)和肌动蛋白(Actin)等蛋白质也具有高匹配率. 已鉴定的蛋白质, 多数归属于假定蛋白和结构蛋白类.     

4-(2-苄氧基乙氧基羰基)氧杂环丁-2-酮的合成及表征

通过16例人肺鳞癌和小细胞肺癌组织中表达蛋白的二维电泳分离和质谱分析,经数据库检索鉴定了53个蛋白,其中24个蛋白与肺癌发病机制相关,4个蛋白在其它癌症中有报道,表达呈现差异的蛋白点有44个,其中34个在表达量上有差异,lO个蛋白在鳞癌和小细胞癌间表现为有和无的关系,蛋白功能分析提示人肺鳞癌与小细胞癌的蛋白质组表达存在差异,分析这些差异蛋白有利于肺癌分型及其生物标志物研究。     

具核梭杆菌具核亚种蛋白质组及其在癌症pH环境下的差异蛋白质组分析

利用LC-MS/MS对F. nucleatum的蛋白质表达谱进行了深入研究, 共鉴定到1198个蛋白质的表达, 占基因组58%的编码基因. 通过在pH 6.5(癌症组织pH环境)和pH 7.5(正常组织pH环境)两种条件下F. nucleatum蛋白质表达的定量蛋白质组学分析, 发现处于癌症微环境pH条件下蛋白质表达的变化明显集中于金属离子转运, 硫胺素代谢, 糖代谢等过程和功能. 产丁酸发酵的能量代谢通路中的七个代谢酶在蛋白质组数据中找到, 其中有五个在癌症pH条件下显著下调, 这五个酶包含了丁酸盐代谢的整个过程, 这为结直肠癌患者肠道丁酸盐含量降低提供了新的证明. 此外, 癌症pH条件下F. nucleatum的丁酸代谢受到抑制, 造成产丁酸能力下降, 可能是其促进结直肠癌发展在代谢水平上的原因之一.     

NaCl as a Novel and Green Catalyst for the Synthesis of Biodynamic Spiro Heterocycles in Water Under Sonication

An efficient and novel green catalytic protocol for the synthesis of biologically important spirooxindole derivatives is developed in a one-pot, three-component approach involving substituted isatin, activated methylene reagent, and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one in water under sonication. This report describes the use of sodium chloride as a nonacidic and green catalyst for a variety of substrates. The advantageous features of this methodology are the environmentally benign character, operational simplicity, high yield processing, easy handling, and the fact that the products do not need to be purified.

Plant-Based Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Trigger Biochemical and Proteome Modifications in Triticum aestivum L. under Biotic Stress of Puccinia striiformis

In this study, we evaluated bioinspired titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) that elicited biochemical and proteome modifications in wheat plants under the biotic stress caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Biosynthesis of TiO₂ NPs was confirmed using UV–Vis spectrophotometry, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We found that the nanoparticles with crystalline nature were smaller than 100 nm. The results of FTIR analysis showed the presence of potential functional groups exhibiting O-H, N-H, C-C, and Ti-O stretching. The TiO₂ NPs of different concentrations (20, 40, 60, and 80 mg L⁻¹) were exogenously applied to wheat plants under the biotic stress caused by Pst, which is responsible for yellow stripe rust disease. The results of the assessment of disease incidence and percent disease index displayed time- and dose-dependent responses. The 40 mg L⁻¹ TiO₂ NPs were the most effective in decreasing disease severity. The bioinspired TiO₂ NPs were also evaluated for enzymatic (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)), and nonenzymatic metabolites (total proline, phenolic, and flavonoid contents) in wheat plants under stripe rust stress. The 40 mg L⁻¹ TiO₂ NPs were effective in eliciting biochemical modifications to reduce biotic stress. We further evaluated the effects of TiO₂ NPs through gel- and label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) proteome analysis. We performed proteome analysis of infected wheat leaves and leaves treated with 40 mg L⁻¹ TiO₂ NPs under stripe rust stress. The functional classification of the proteins showed downregulation of proteins related to protein and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as of photosynthesis in plants under biotic stress. An upregulation of stress-related proteins was observed, including the defense mechanisms and primary metabolic pathways in plants treated with 40 mg L⁻¹ TiO₂ NPs under stress. The experimental results showed the potential of applying biogenic TiO₂ NPs to combat fungal diseases of wheat plants and provided insight into the protein expression of plants in response to biotic stress.     

铊胁迫水稻的电感耦合等离子体质谱及原位红外光谱分析

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱分析铊胁迫水稻中的Tl、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo、Ag、Cd及Pb等重金属元素,并利用原位衰减全反射红外光谱分析了水稻活体叶片的光谱特征。结果表明,铊在水稻叶茎中的含量显著高于谷粒。铊会影响水稻对其它元素吸收,并且在叶与种子中不同元素的吸收积累规律存在差异。水稻叶片的原位衰减全反射红外光谱进一步显示,铊胁迫下叶片的CO2消耗速率明显减少,表明叶片的光合作用受到一定抑制。利用原位衰减全反射红外光谱可直观表现重金属铊对水稻生理过程的胁迫作用。     

Simple Extraction and Rapid Quantitative Analysis of Isoflavones in Soybean Seeds

A simple extraction and rapid HPLC method, suitable to separate and quantify the isoflavonoids in soybean seeds, are proposed and discussed. The method has been applied to the separation and quantification of seed isoflavonoids in five naturally grown soy cultivars; the total amount of isoflavones ranged from 1.83 g kg^–1 to 11.88 g kg^–1 of fresh weight. The detection limits (200 g/kg^–1), evaluated for genistein and daidzein, are presented together with a list of the soy polyphenols analysed by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS.     

Analysis of Organic Acids Accumulated in Kochia Scoparia Shoots and Roots by Reverse.phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Under Salt and Alkali Stress

Introduction K.ScopariaisanannualintheChenopodiaceae family.Itsseedscontainabout15%oilandhavebeen usedintraditionalChinesemedicinetotreatdiuresis andskindisease[1].Thecrudeproteincontentof K.Scopariaseedlingsistwiceasmuchasthatin maize.Thisplantisalsorich…     

大豆二羟异黄酮及三羟异黄酮的高效液相色谱分析

1mol/L盐酸水解大豆及豆制品,乙腈提取,高效液相色谱分析了二羟、三羟异黄酮的含量。以甲醇－2mmol/L乙酸铵(体积比55:45,乙酸铵溶液用乙酸调pH至4.380)为流动相,Hypersil BDS C18色谱分析柱,柱温25℃,260nm紫外检测波长进行分析。二羟、三羟异黄酮的1－500μmol/L的范围内,与峰面积有很好的线性关系 (r=0.9999)。它们的检出限为5ng(S/N=3),平均回收率94.46%以上,6次进样的相对标准差（RSD）小于4％。该法灵敏、重复性好、结果准确、分析迅速。检测大豆及豆制品中异黄酮的含量,得到满意的结果。     

Population Structure Analysis and Selection of Core Set among Common Bean Genotypes from Jammu and Kashmir,India

Understanding the genetic diversity of a crop is useful for its effective utilization in breeding programmes. For better understanding of the genetic variability in common bean, the first and foremost step is to study its genetic diversity. In the present investigation, 138 genotypes of common bean collected from various regions of Jammu and Kashmir, India, representing major common bean growing areas of this region, were evaluated using 23 SSRs. These SSRs were found highly polymorphic and possess high values for various parameters indicating their high discriminatory power. The average PIC value observed was 0.692, with 0.730 as average gene diversity value, and 0.267 as heterozygosity. Twenty-three SSRs produced a total of 251 alleles. The dendrogram generated with un-weighted neighbour joining cluster analysis grouped genotypes into three main clusters with various degrees of sub-clustering within the clusters. The model-based STRUCTURE analysis using 23 SSR markers identified a population with 3 sub-populations which corresponds to distance-based groupings with average F _ST value and expected heterozygosity of 0.1497 and 0.6696, respectively, within the sub-population, as such high level of genetic diversity was observed within the population. Further, Core Hunter II was used to identify a core set of 96 diverse genotypes. This core set of diverse 96 genotypes is a potential resource for association mapping studies and can be used by breeders as a material to make desirable genetic crosses to generate elite varieties for the fulfilling global market needs. These findings have further implications in common bean breeding as well as conservation programs.     

HDPE/PP共混物在振动剪切作用下的力学性能与形态控制

采用高剪切引起的相容与振动剪切保压方式控制共混物的形态,结果表明,当共混体系中HDPE/PP为92/8时的试样拉伸强度为97.1MPa,而80/20试样的缺口冲击强度为45.5kJ/m₂,较静态试样分别提高4.3倍和9.5倍.采用振动剪切注射技术可以针对某一组分获得高强度、高韧性的HDPE/PP共混制件.