希土季铵盐配合物的研究——Ⅴ.[(n-C_4H_9)_4N]_3Nd(NCS)_6的晶体结构研究

合成了硫氰酸合希土酸四丁基季铵盐配合物,测定了它们的远红外光谱及部分配合物的中红外光谱,结果表明,配合物中的NCS~-是以氮原子与Ln~(3+)配位。用X射线单晶衍射法测定了[(n-C_4H_9)_4N]_3Nd(NCS)_6晶体的结构,结果表明,该晶体属单斜晶系,C_c空间群,晶胞参数为:a=25.188(8)(?),b=13.320(6)(?),c=25.322(8)(?),β=121.30(2)°,晶胞体积V=7258.9(?)~3,每一晶胞中有四个配合物分子,中心离子Nd~(3+)与六个来自NCS~-的氮原子配位,这六个氮位于配位正八面体的六个顶角上,构成配阴离子Nd(NCS)_6~(3-),它与三个[(n-C_4H_9)_4N]~+以静电引力结合成中心分子,所以晶体为离子型晶体。     

有机镧系金属络合物的研究(L)——Cp_2′SmI和Cp′SmI_2·2THF的合成和晶体结构测定

本文首次合成了含分子内氧杂原子配位的双-(2-甲氧乙基环戊二烯基)碘化钐CP_2′SmI(Ⅰ)(Cp′=CH_3OCH_2CH_2C_5H_4)及四氢呋喃溶剂化的2-甲氧乙基环戊二烯基二碘化钐Cp′SmI_2·2THF(Ⅱ)。络合物(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)经元素分析及质谱等鉴定。并得到了它们的单晶。结构研究表明,晶体(Ⅰ)属于P2_12_12_1空间群,晶胞参数:a=11.074(4)(?),b=12.929(9)(?),c=12.269(4)(?),(Ⅰ)中每个钐原子和两个环戊二烯基,二个醚基取代基上的氧原子和一个碘原子配位,形成单体结构,Sm(Ⅲ)的配位数为9。晶胞中含有4个单体分子,晶体(Ⅱ)属于P2_1/c空间群,晶胞参数:a=16.304(6)(?),b=8.335(2)(?),c=16.527(5)(?),β=111.8(1)°。晶体(Ⅱ)中每个钐通过一个环戊二烯基,一个醚基取代基上的氧原子,二个四氢呋喃的氧原子和二个碘原子配位形成单体结构,Sm(Ⅲ)的配位数为8。晶胞含4个单体分子。     

三(1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-吡唑酮-5)二水合镱(Ⅲ)的晶体结构

本文合成了Yb(PMBP)_3(H_2O)_2,并用X-射线单晶衍射法测定了晶体和分子的结构.配合物的晶体为单斜晶系,空间群为P2_1/n,a=24.498(3)(?),b=14(?)35(3)(?),c=14.888(5)(?),β=101.14(2)(?),V=5285.1(?)~3;Z=4.三个PMBP及两个水分子提供八个氧与镱配位形成四方反棱柱配位多面体.     

三(1-苯基-3-甲基-4-三氟乙酰-5-吡唑啉酮)二(二甲亚砜)合钕混合配体配合物的合成及晶体结构的研究

以1-苯基-3-甲基-4-三氟乙酰吡唑啉酮-5(HPMTFP)与二甲亚砜(DMSO)为配体,合成了Nd(PMTFP)_3·(DMSO)_2混合配体配合物.用四圆衍射仪对它的晶体及分子结构进行了研究.晶体属单斜晶体,P2_(1/n)空间群.α=21.897(4)(?),b=23.339(4)(?),c=8.958(2)(?),β=96.61(3)°.每个晶胞中有四个分子,其中钕为八配位.八个配位氧原子组成的配位多面体具有三角十二面体构型.Nd—O 平均键长为2.445(?).对配合物的红外光谱也进行了研究.     

双环[3.3.0]-3,7-辛二烯-2,6-二酮晶体的分子结构

利用 Enraf-Nonius CAD4四圆单晶衍射仪测定了双环[3.3.0]-3,7-辛二烯-2,6-二酮(2)的单晶结构,晶体属三斜晶系,空间群为 PI,晶胞参数为:a=6.596(2)(?),b=7.414(1)(?),c=7.359(1)(?),α=106.64(1)°,β=100.17(1)°,γ=98.44(1)°,ν=331.9((?)~3),Ζ=2。用直接法得到分子的粗结构。对1013个可观察反射点用全矩阵最小二乘法修正,最后得R=0.060,结构测定的结果证实:两个五员环自成一个平面,两平面间夹角为117.3°。     

R、S-三[N-(邻-氧α-萘亚甲基)-α-苯乙胺]合钴的合成、晶体结构及分子绝对构型

合成了R,S一三[N-(邻-氧α-萘亚甲基)-α-苯乙胺]合钴。x射线单晶衍射衍射测定了晶体结构及分子的绝对构型。晶体属正交晶系,D_2~4-P2_12_12_1空间群,晶胞参数:α=12.587(3),b=14.166(3),c=25.652(14)(?),v=4574.2(?)~3,z=4。用重原子法及差值Fourier合成解出结构,最后的R值为0.074。利用Co~( )对CuKa反常散射测定了分子的绝对构型。Co~( )为六配位,d~2sp~3杂化近正八面体构型。     

[(QuinH)3Cl](I3)2的合成和分子结构

作者首次合成了单氯合三喹啉氢双三碘基盐[(QuinH)_3Cl](I_3)_2.用红外光谱、紫外—可见光谱法对化合物进行了表征,并用X射线衍射法测定了晶体结构.晶体属三斜晶系,空间群为P(?),a=12.349(2),b=12.878(2),c=11.679(2)(?),α=100.82(1)(?),β=109.02(1)(?),γ=89.58(1)(?),V=1721.8(?)~3,Z=2,D_c=2.29g·cm~(-3).化合物分子由[(QuinH)_3Cl]~(2+)阳离子和Г_3阴离子组成.在配位阳离子中.Cl~-由三个喹啉氢阳离子包围.同时形成三个Cl…H-N分子内氢键.     

{[Sm_2(Gly)_6(H_2O)_4](ClO_4)_6(H_2O)_5}_n的合成和晶体结构

本文合成了标题配合物,对其红外光谱进行了研究.测定了配合物的晶体结构,结果表明,晶体属三斜晶系,P1空间群,单胞参数:α=11.549(2)(?),b=14.122(3)(?),c=15.654(?),α=97.01(2)°,β=102.70(2)°,γ=105.43(2)°,V=2355.94(0.87)(?)~3,Z=2.晶体结构是采用Patterson法和差值Fourier合成解出.经全矩阵最小二乘法修正,最后偏差因子R=0.0337,R_w=0.0364.晶体中甘氨酸与Sm原子的结合方式有三种:第一种甘氨酸的羧基离子以螯合桥式与Sm原子配位;第二种甘氨酸以羧基桥式与同一单元的两个Sm原子配位;第三种甘氨酸以酸基桥式连结两个相邻单元中的相邻Sm原子而形成一维无限长链结构.此外,每个Sm原子还与两个水分子成键,其配位数为9.     

含水杨醛缩对硝基苯甲酰腙的钒酰配合物和钴配合物的合成和晶体结构

本文合成了含水杨醛缩对硝基苯甲酰腙(简写为H2L)的钒酰配合物VOL(CH3OH)(CH3O)(1,C16H16N3O7V,Mr=413.26)和钴配合物[CoL(C5H5N)3]NO3C5H5N(2,C34H29N8O7Co,Mr=720.58)。配合物1属单斜晶系,空间群为P21/c,a=7.3253(3),b=18.8237(9),c=12.9014(5)?b=91.672(1),V=1778.2(1)3,Z=4,F(000)=848,m(MoKa)=0.603mm1,R=0.0470,wR=0.1312。配合物2属单斜晶系,空间群为P21/c,a=11.4196(8),b=17.157(1),c=17.081(1)?b=96.8233(9),V=3323.0(4)3,Z=4,F(000)=1488,m(MoKa)=0.578mm1,R=0.0455,wR=0.1311。在配合物1中,钒(V)原子由周围的酰氧基原子、配体L2的3个配位原子,去质子化甲醇的甲氧基原子和配位甲醇的氧原子配位,形成畸变的VO(ONO)(O)(O)八面体配位构型。晶体内每2个分子间通过氢键作用缔合成中心对称的分子对,OH…N氢键键长为2.861(4)?键角163.20。晶体中存在着弱p-p共轭作用。在配合物2中,钴(Ⅲ)原子由1个L2的3个配位原子和3个配位吡啶分子的3个氮原子配位,呈N4O2八面体配位构型。     

水合二高碘酸氢合铜(Ⅲ)酸钾钠配合物的合成、结构与光谱性质

本文报道了碱溶液中获得组份为Na_4K[Cu(HIO_6)_2]·12H_2O晶体配合物.用X-射线衍射法测定了晶体结构.晶体属单斜晶系,P2_1/c空间群,a=6.108(2)(?),b=25.055(10)(?),c=14.716(7)(?),β=97.77(3)°,V=2231(2)(?)~3,D_c=2.555g/cm~3,Z=4.晶体中二个畸变的IO_5(OH)八面体与中心铜原子螯合,构成CuO_4平面;Cu—O平均键长为1.83(?);加上CuO_4平面上侧与铜原子形成弱配位的氧原子;共有五个氧原子与铜原子构成近似为C_(2v)点群对称的四方单锥多面体.在碱性水溶液中,配合物的紫外吸收峰的衰减表明,[Cu(HIO_6)_2]~(5-)还原为一级反应.     

SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF SOME 2-THIENYL- AND 2-THENOYL-DERIVATIVES OF THIAZOLE AND THIADIAZOLINE AND THEIR SELENIUM ANALOGS

Abstract

2-(Thiocyanatoacetyl)thiophene 2 and its selenium analog 3 couple with diazotized anilines and yield 3-aryl-2-imino-5-(2-thenoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 6 and 3-aryl-2-imino-5-(2-thenoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-selenadiazoles 7 respectively. The reactions of both 6 and 7 with nitrous acid, acetic anhydride and benzoyl chloride are described. Azo coupling of 2-amino-4-(2-thienyl)thiazole 17 and its selenazole analog 18 with diazotized anilines yielded the arylazo derivatives 19 and 20 respectively. Reaction of the hydrazidoyl bromide 16 with potassium thiocyanate, potassium selenocyanate, thiourea and selenourea yields 6, 7, 19, and 20 respectively.     

聚壬酰胺的制备纺丝及结构与性能测定

9-氨基壬酸系从癸二酸经单酯化、氨化和Hofmann重排制得。该单体以10克规模在玻璃管中和以4公斤量在15升聚合釜中,于260℃聚合成聚壬酰胺。聚合物在288℃纺丝,120℃牵伸,得到尼龙-9纤维。测定了聚合物和纤维的结构和多种性能。     

PHOTOLYSIS AND RADIOLYSIS OF NITROMETHANE AND NITROETHANE

Abstract— Prolonged photolysis of nitromethane and nitroethane in liquid and vapour phases, with simultaneous photolysis of the nitrogen dioxide formed, was studied in the absence and presence of cupric oxide. A high-pressure quartz immersion lamp providing the full range of visible and u.v. spectrum, with a high output of radiation at 366 and 313 mμ, was employed as source of light. The products of photolysis were detected by microanalytical methods, infrared-absorption spectrum analysis and gas chromatography. Photolysis of liquid nitro-alkanes resulted in formation of many compounds; saturated hydrocarbons, and in the case of nitroethane, ethylene, were submitted to detailed examination. Photolysis in the vapour phase was carried out in a specially designed glass apparatus. The main products were nitrogen dioxide, aldehydes and polyaldehydes; hydrocarbons were not estimated.
Liquid nitromethane and nitroethane were also irradiated with γ-rays from a ⁶⁰Co source. The radiolysis products were similiar to those obtained on photolysis. The mechanism of photolytic decomposition of nitroalkanes is proposed and discussed.     

温度及pH敏感N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/β-环糊精水凝胶的合成与性能研究

用顺丁烯二酸酐 (MAH)对具有分子包结能力的 β 环糊精 (β CD)进行化学改性 ,合成出了丁烯二酸单酯化 β CD单体 (MAH β CD) .通过氧化还原自由基引发MAH β CD与N 异丙基丙烯酰胺 (NIPA)聚合 ,合成出含 β CD结构单元的新型水凝胶 .用核磁共振、红外光谱及元素分析对MAH β CD单体及共聚物的结构和组成进行了表征 .溶胀研究结果表明 ,该水凝胶具有较好的pH、温度及离子强度敏感性 ;并且水凝胶在较高羧基(—COOH)含量和弱碱环境中 ,仍能表现出明显的温敏性     

N-苯基马来酰亚胺与环己烯共聚物的制备和表征

Ｎ苯基马来酰亚胺（ＰＨＭＩ）是一种很有应用价值的共聚单体,它能赋予共聚物很好的耐热性．有关ＰＨＭＩ与甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯及乙烯基醚的二元共聚合反应已有文献报道［１～３］．而有关ＰＨＭＩ与环烯烃特别是环己烯的共聚合研究除我们所做的工作外［４］,报道甚少．作者研究了ＰＨＭＩ与环己烯在溶液中的二元共聚合反应,并对所得的共聚物进行了表征．１　原料ＰＨＭＩ,自制,ｍ．ｐ．８８－７℃;元素分析Ｃ,６９－３３;Ｈ,４－０７;Ｎ,８－１０;理论值Ｃ,６９－３６;Ｈ,４－０７;Ｎ,８－０９,１ＨＮＭＲ（δ）…     

生物质热解、加氢热解及其与煤共热解的热重研究

在加压热天平上用非等温热重法进行生物质（锯末、稻壳）在Ｎ２气氛下的热解和加氢热解研究。考察了升温速率（５～２５℃／ｍｉｎ）和压力（０．１～７ＭＰａ）的影响，求取了热解动力学参数，并研究了生物质与煤在常压Ｎ２气下的共热解过程。研究结果表明：生物质在４００℃左右即完成热解反应，总失重率大于７０％（Ｗ％，ｄａｆ．），热解时仅一个峰位于３００℃左右；与煤热解行为相同，随升温速率及压力的升高，转化率下降，ＤＴＧ峰移向高温，但由于热解反应在较低温度下进行，氧气的存在对生物质热解ＴＧ和ＤＴＧ的影响远小于煤热解。证明生物质热解以其内部氢对自由基的饱和及分子重排反应为主。生物质热解可用一级反应动力学处理，主要热解阶段及表现活化能分别为：锯末，２６７～３１４℃，６９．６６ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ；稻壳，２８３～３１０℃，５３．４５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ；生物质由于与煤的热分解温度相差很大，因而在其共热解过程中无协同作用。     

CHLOROPHYLL a AND CAROTENOID AGGREGATES AND ENERGY MIGRATION IN MONOLAYERS AND THIN FILMS

Abstract— The spectra of absorption, fluorescence and excitation of monolayers and thin films containing chlorophyll a together with a carotenoid (cis-β-carotene, trans-β-carotene, fucoxanthin, or zeaxanthin), were measured at — 196°C. The concentration ratios used, (Chl)/(Car), were 6:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1 and 1:3, and the area densities, 3·70, 2·55, 1·76, 0·71, 0·37 and 0·17 nm²/pigment molecule. In dilute monolayers, (3·70 nm²/molecule), with a constant concentration ratio (Chl)/(Car) = 3:1, evidence of three β-carotene forms, with absorption bands at 460, 500 and 520 nm (C₄₆₀, C₅₀₀ and C₅₂₀), and of a chlorophyll a form with an absorption band at 669–672 (Chl_669–672) was found. On increasing the density to 0·2–0·3 nm²/molecule, a conversion of C₄₆₀ and C₅₂₀ into C₅₀₀, was observed, and several more additional (probably more strongly aggregated) chlorophyll a forms appeared, with absorption bands at 672–733 nm. With excess carotene [(Chi)/(Car) = 1:3] the forms C₄₆₀, C₅₀₀, C₅₂₀ and Chl_669–672 were present even in the most dense films (0·2–0·3 nm²/molecule). The same was found with other carotenoids: if one of the pigments was in excess, aggregated forms of the other tended to disappear. In the transfer of energy from carotenoids to chlorophyll a, C₅₀₀ was found to be the main donor. In layers with a concentration ratio (Chl)/(Car) = 3:1, the efficiency of transfer was less than 10 per cent at the lowest density used (3·70 nm²/molecule); it increased to 50 per cent, as the density was increased to 0·20 nm²/molecule. When the relative concentration of the carotenoid was increased to (Chl)/(Car) = 1:1, the efficiency of energy transfer dropped to 25 per cent even at 0·20 nm²/molecule. It seems that the efficiency of energy transfer between carotene molecules (prior to its transfer to chlorophyll a) is low, and effective transfer occurs only between β-carotene and immediately adjacent chlorophyll a molecules.     

SURFACE ENTHALPY AND ENTROPY AND THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL NATURE OF HYDROPHOBIC AND HYDROPHILIC INTERACTIONS

The attractive Interactions between typically hydrophobic molecules such as hexane or CCl₄, and the repulsive Interactions between extremely hydrophilic molecules such as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), when immersed in water, as well as the interactions between these molecules and water, have been examined from a surface thermodynamic viewpoint, taking the changes in surface free energy into account, as a function of temperature. It was found that attractive hydrophobic Interactions are not, as vas generally believed up to now, invariably entropic. Hydrophobic Interactions can be mainly enthalpic or mainly entropic, or more or less equal mixtures of both, depending on each individual case; however, all hydrophobic interactions are polar (in the sense of Lewis acid-base) in nature. Repulsive hydrophilic interactions are enthalpic, and also polar in nature. The interaction between hydrophobic solutes and water is mainly enthalpic, and is apolar in nature.     

多孔PVA水凝胶的组成、形貌及泊松比等力学性能研究

制备了不同含量的纯聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝胶和不同表面活性剂含量的多孔PVA水凝胶,采用数字散斑测量其泊松比,并使用电镜和显微镜观察其微观结构,探讨了纯PVA水凝胶与多孔PVA水凝胶组成、微观结构、泊松比、压缩模量和体积模量的变化及相互关系.研究发现,采用表面活性剂成孔,反复冷冻成型制备的闭孔结构水凝胶,其泊松比随应力应变增加而减小;随PVA含量增加而泊松比值减小;随表面活性剂含量增加,孔径变大,泊松比值减小.PVA水凝胶泊松比值与压缩模量和体积模量的比值成正比.