The sliding singlet

Supersymmetric grand unified models with a sliding singlet are considered. We review the argument that the sliding does not work in models with large supersymmetry breaking. Then we consider the possibility of using a sliding singlet with low-energy supersymmetry breaking. A number of problems with such a program are noted and illustrated in simple examples. Using the experience gained from these examples a realistic model is constructed and analyzed.     

Color singlet strangelets

When considering strangelets at finite temperature it is important to obey the constraint that any observed state must be color singlet. This constraint results in an increase in strangelet masses as calculated at fixed entropy per baryon. We use the color singlet partition function for an MIT bag, derived using the group theoretical projection method, to calculate strangelet masses. Mean shell effects are included in a liquid drop model, by using a density of states obtained from the multiple reflection expansion. Another important effect of the color singlet restriction, namely many orders of magnitude suppression of thermal nucleation of quark-gluon plasma in collisions, will also briefly be described.     

Magnetism in singlet ground states

The spin‐gap phenomenon is a key characteristic of high T_c superconducting cuprates, whose experimental results are summarized and discussed in the context of the slave‐boson mean field theory of the extended t–J model. It is seen that there exists satisfactory agreement between theory and experiments in bilayer cuprates. As regards the apparent absence of the spin‐gap in single layer La_2-xSr_xCuO₄ (LSCO), the possible roles played by disorder have been pointed out in view of the recent neutron scattering experiment on other spin singlet systems, the spin‐Peierls CuGeO₃ and two‐leg ladders. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

射流式单重态氧发生器理论模型

 射流式单重态氧发生器(JSOG)是化学氧碘激光器十分重要的能源部分,它主要是通过解气相、液相扩散方程来求解发生器出口的氯的利用率和单重态氧的产率。在实际工作中的射流发生器非常复杂,其扩散方程和边界条件为非线性,非齐次边界条件,非齐次泛定方程组,求解难度较大。通过边界条件,采用试探解的方法,解得氯、总氧、单重态氧的气相、液相扩散方程,得到了氯的利用率,及单重态氧产率的解析解,与实验结果基本相符。     

Spin singlet mott states and evidence for spin singlet quantum condensates of spin-one bosons in lattices

We have investigated spin singlet Mott states of spin-one bosons with antiferromagnetic interactions. These spin singlet states do not break rotational symmetry and exhibit remarkably different macroscopic properties compared with nematic Mott states of spin-one bosons. We demonstrate that the dynamics of spin singlet Mott states is fully characterized by even- or odd-class quantum dimer models. The difference between spin singlet Mott states for even and odd numbers of atoms per site can be attributed to a selection rule in the low energy sectors of on-site Hilbert spaces; alternatively, it can also be attributed to an effect of Berry’s phases on bosonic Mott states. We also discuss evidence for spin singlet quantum condensate of spin-one atoms. Our main finding is that in a projected spin singlet Hilbert space, the low energy physics of spin-one bosons is equivalent to that of a Bose-Hubbard model for spinless bosons interacting via Ising gauge fields. The other major finding is spin-charge separation in some one-dimensional Mott states. We propose charge-e spin singlet superfluid for an odd number of atoms per lattice site and charge-2e spin singlet superfluid for an even number of atoms per lattice site in one-dimensional lattices. All discussions in this article are limited to integer numbers of bosons per site.     

Generation of a two-photon singlet beam

Controlling the pump beam transverse profile in multimode Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, we generate a "localized" two-photon singlet state, in which both photons propagate in the same beam. This type of multiphoton singlet beam may be useful in quantum communication to avoid decoherence. We show that although the photons are part of the same beam, they are never in the same plane-wave mode, which is characterized by spatial antibunching behavior in the plane normal to the propagation direction.     

Supersymmetric cosmology with a gauge singlet

Cosmological constraints on a supersymmetric version of the standard model coupled to N = 1 supergravity are derived, in which gauge symmetry breaking is triggered by a Higgs singlet. Possible neutralino dark matter candidates are emphasized. In particular, the fermionic partner of the Higgs singlet is often the lightest supersymmetric particle, with a relic abundance near the critical closure density.     

单线态分裂的超快光谱学研究

有机分子中的单线态分裂过程能将单个光激发的单线态激子转化成两个三线态激子. 借助此载流子倍增效应, 太阳能电池可以更有效地利用太阳光谱中的高能光子, 进而突破单结太阳能电池效率的理论极限. 因此, 单线态分裂备受关注. 本文回顾学术界对单线态分裂物理图像的认识以及争议, 结合课题组近年来的一些结果, 重点总结此领域中运用瞬态光谱学方法取得的实验进展, 讨论有关多激子中间暗态机理的不同观点, 并介绍单线态分裂材料的发展以及器件应用.     

The lowest singlet state of dibenzofuran

The vapor absorption of dibenzofuran has been reexamined, and the spectrum and lifetime of the vapor fluorescence have been measured. Also measured were the polarized absorption in durene host and the depolarized absorption, fluorescence, and phosphorescence in cyclododecane host at 4 K. The fluoresecent state is that corresponding to the 3000 Å absorption in all media, and no evidence was found for a weak transition at 3175 Å as reported by Pinkham and Wait. The mixed crystal spectra are heavily perturbed, but from the polarizations observed in durene the 3000 Å transition is assigned as ${}^1\text{B}{}_2\text{←}{}^1\text{A}{}_1$ (long axis polarized).     

Similarity measures between excited singlet and triplet electron densities in linear acenes: an application to singlet fission

A theoretical framework for modelling the electronic structure of absorbing molecules that may contribute to explain and even predict phenomena where a singlet exciton is converted to triplet is reported. The pathway is suggested to occur when the excited singlet and triplet electron density maps are similarly shaped at Frank Condon states. Calculations were carried for some linear acene excitons from their multielectronic wave functions and corresponding charge maps after a configuration interaction of singly excited determinants. For cases where the singlet fission effect has been reported, charge maps of certain higher energy singlet excitons show a relevant shape similarity with the corresponding lowest triplet. This method could enlighten the way for predicting transit between singlets and triplets of very big systems and also may help to explain experimental phenomena at femto and even attosecond scales.     

The singlet deuteron and trinucleon-induced stripping reactions

The normalization factor for zero-range and finite-range DWBA calculations of (h, kd) reactions has been determined by three theoretical methods. Although the values obtained show a fair spread, they are all, nevertheless, close to the single N(h, kd) extracted from experiment.     

Triplet versus singlet superconductivity in quasi-one-dimensional conductors

Quasi-one-dimensional organic conductors are highly unconventional materials, which exhibit a wide variety of phenomena, including spin density waves, quantum Hall effect, and superconductivity. In this paper, we review some experimental and theoretical developments concerning the superconducting state of these systems, where a particular emphasis is placed on the possibility of triplet superconductivity. This possibility is supported by various experiments including upper critical field, Knight shift and NMR relaxation time measurements on the Bechgaard salt bistetramethyltetraselenafulvalene hexafluorophosphate [(TMTSF)₂PF₆]. However, similar NMR results are still lacking for another compound (TMTSF)₂ClO₄ and other members of the Bechgaard salts family. Furthermore, the pairing mechanism and order parameter symmetry are not yet fully known. Therefore, we include a discussion of both triplet and singlet pairing states, and analyse briefly the possibility that the symmetries of the superconducting order parameters are different for various compounds. Finally, we also discuss some open questions regarding the superconducting state of these systems.     

射流式单重态氧发生器的气液两相耦合模型

 将气液两相耦合模型应用于射流式单重态氧发生器,通过数值模拟和实验的比较验证了该模型的可行性。分析了发生器工作参数对其动力学过程的影响,发现在保持其它参数不变的情况下,氯气和BHP溶液的相对浓度决定了发生器动力学过程的类型。给出了利用氯气吸收速率变化曲线判定发生器动力学过程类型的方法。在原有模型基础上考虑了热效应及其对模型参数的影响,计算了水蒸气的含量。模型改进后,模拟结果更接近于实验值。     

S1 singlet excited-state absorption of DODCI

1 excited-state absorption cross-section spectrum of DODCI in ethylene glycol is determined in the wavelength range from 500 nm to 750 nm. The S₁ state is populated by amplified femtosecond dye laser pulses (wavelength 592 nm) and the S₁-state absorption and emission behaviour is probed with a femtosecond light continuum. A general analysis procedure is developed to extract absolute excited-state absorption cross-sections from the measured transmissions. For DODCI in ethylene glycol the wavelength regions of saturable absorption (mode-locking application), reverse saturable absorption (optical limiter application), and effective stimulated emission (laser application) are determined. Received: 25 July 1996