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1.
改进的连接性指数用于链烷烃热力学性质与沸点研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
基于邻接矩阵和原子特征值qi,建立邻接指数^mQ,用^0Qr,^1Q与85种链烷烃的标准生成焓、标准生成自由能、标准熵和沸点关联,相关系数均在0.99以上,属于良好模型,与Randic指数的^mX比较,^mQ具有良好的性质相关性。  相似文献   

2.
碳原子个数N和路径数P3是表征链烷烃分子的大小、支化度和形状等结构特征的重要参数,引入烷烃所含甲基数的1.5次方M1和3次方M2表征取代基效应,运用多元线性模型研究了链烷烃标准生成焓、标准摩尔熵、标准生成吉布斯自由能等三种热力学性质与N,P3,M1和M2之间的定量关系,相关系数分别达到0.9993,0.9989和0.9972,标准偏差分别是2.2809kJ/mol,5.9093J/(mol·K),2.0585kJ/mol,其计算值与实验值非常接近.  相似文献   

3.
根据核磁共振的峰数及Randic的碳原子支化度,提出了碳原子特征值.基于连接矩阵和碳原子特征值,建立新的连接指数 mY.其中的0阶连接性指数 0Y很容易计算,且对烷烃异构体有很强的区分能力.将157种气态链烷烃的标准熵与其 0Y相关联, R=0.9985, 属于优级模型.与Randic指数的 0χ及倪才华等提出的信息拓扑指数Ix、 IW比较, 0Y具有良好的性质相关性与结构选择性.  相似文献   

4.
信息拓扑指数与烷烃分子热力学性质的关系   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
Two topological information indices were constructed based on Randic and Wiener indices, and the values of topological information indices for 85 alkanes were calculated. The thermodynamic properties such as the standard enthalpies of formation, the standard entropies and the standard free energies of formation for these alkanes were also correlated with these topological and information indices. It is found that the thermodynamic properties calculated for both gaseous and liquid states of the 85 alkanes are in excellent agreement with the experimental values through the regression analysis.  相似文献   

5.
碳酸盐热力学性质和键效应关系的研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
应用CASP标度法考察离子电荷、半径和电子构型等化学键结构因素对碳酸盐热力学性质的影响,建立了一种定量计算碳酸盐标准生成自由能△Gf0的新方法,计算结果与文献值相符。  相似文献   

6.
以纳米铜为例,首次采用电化学方法获取纳米材料的热力学函数.通过电化学沉积法制备了粒子尺寸约80nm的纳米铜电极,测定纳米铜与块体铜电极的电势差,以块体铜的热力学函数值为参考标准,根据纳米铜与块体铜的热力学关系式,求得纳米铜的标准摩尔生成焓、标准摩尔生成吉布斯自由能、标准摩尔熵分别为5.16kJmol-1、0.216kJmol-1、49.75JK-1mol-1,同时,求得纳米铜可逆电池反应的热效应为-4.95kJmol-1.  相似文献   

7.
原子特征值(Si)被定义为:.由Si( )建构原子特征自相关拓扑指数(F)及原子特征连接性指数(Y)的公式为:F=∑(Si.Sj)0.5、Y=∑(Si.Sj)-0.5.它们与85种链烷烃热力学性质(P) 的二元线性回归方程为:P=a+bF+cY(或P3).P为标准生成焓、标准熵、标准生成自由能的二元相关指数依次为0.9953、0.9992、0.9941,优于文献方法.  相似文献   

8.
用均根拓扑指数与路径数预测链烷烃的沸点和热力学性质   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
冯长君  王超 《有机化学》2003,23(10):1169-1176
以距离矩阵为基础,建构调和均根拓扑指数(K),以表征链烷烃分子的大小 和分支情况,85种链烷烃的沸点(T_b)、标准生成焓(Δ_rH_m~θ)、标准熵(S_m~θ )、标准生成自由能(Δ_fG_m~θ)与K及路径数(P_2, P_3)的回归方程为: ln(793- T_b) = 6.48346-0.10092K + 0.00131P_2-0.01110P_3, R = 0.9996; -Δ_fH_m~θ = 62.664 + 25.331 K + 6.597 P_2 - 0.678 P_3, R = 0.9984; S_m~θ = 170. 691 + 67.425 K - 4.712P_2 + 5.251 P_3, R = 0.9989; Δ_fG_m~θ = -45.677 + 10.060 K + 0.555 P_2 + 2.342P_3, R = 0.9935。它们的计算值与相应实验值 都非常吻合。结果表明,K对链烷烃具有良好的结构选择性和性质相关性。  相似文献   

9.
根据化合物形成过程中价电子能量变化与生成焓之间的关系, 推导出烷烃的生成焓和电离能之间的关系. 以21个烷烃化合物为模型将实验测定的电离能与标准生成焓进行直接关联, 证实了模型方程的适用性, 所得回归方程的相关系数达到0.9999, 估算值与实验值之间的标准偏差仅为0.03 eV. 同时还利用实验测定的标准生成焓对一系列烷烃的电离能作了预测.  相似文献   

10.
烷基苯标准生成焓与分子价连接性指数mX*的关系   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
张玉林  郭满才 《化学通报》2003,66(4):281-286
提出了一个计算不饱和烃分子中碳原子价点价δi^*的新方法,以δi^*为核心建构了分子价连接性指数mx*(M=0,1),并研究了烷基苯标推生成焓与mX*指数的相关性。结果表明,mX^*指数对烷基苯的结构选择性和性质相关性均优于mX^*指数和F’指数。以0Xn,1X1和碳原子数N为自变量的三元线性回归方程为:—ΔfHm=38.079^0X^n 5.0911X^* 954.991N-1501.639,该方程对烷基苯标推生成焓的预测结果相当准确。  相似文献   

11.
The excess partial molar enthalpies, the vapor pressures, and the densities of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)–H2O mixtures were measured and the excess partial molar Gibbs energies and the partial molar volumes were calculated for DMSO and for H2O. The values of the excess partial molar Gibbs energies for both DMSO and H2O are negative over the entire composition range. The results for the water-rich region indicated that the presence of DMSO enhances the hydrogen bond network of H2O. Unlike monohydric alcohols, however, the solute-solute interaction is repulsive in terms of the Gibbs energy. This was a result of the fact that the repulsion among solutes in terms of enthalpy surpassed the attraction in terms of entropy. The data in the DMSO-rich region suggest that DMSO molecules form clusters which protect H2O molecules from exposure to the nonpolar alkyl groups of DMSO.  相似文献   

12.
The enthalpies of dissolution of ZrCl4, ZrBr4, HfCl4 and HfBr4 in water in weakly acidic and alkaline solutions were measured at 25°C in a calorimeter provided with an isothermal cover. The standard enthalpies of formation of Zr(OH)4 and Hf(OH)4 in solution were measured. The thermodynamic characteristics of the reactions which resulted in the formation of tetrahydroxy complexes of Zr and Hf in aqueous solution were also determined. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

13.
Densities, heat capacities, enthalpies of dilution at 298 K and osmotic coefficients at 310 K of octyltrimethylammonium chloride were measured as functions of concentration. From the experimental data, the partial molar volumes, heat capacities, relative enthalpies, nonideal free energies and entropies at 298 K were derived as functions of concentration. A comparison between the above data and those of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride reported in the literature shows that the increase of the alkyl chain length shifts the apparent molar volumevs. concentration curves towards greater values and the heat capacity, relative enthalpy and free energyvs. concentration curves towards smaller values. By assuming the pseudo-phase transition model the properties of micellization (Ym) were graphically evaluated. TheYm values of OTAC compared with those of DTAC are consistent with the increase of the hydrophobicity by increasing the alkyl chain length.The authors are grateful to the National Research Council of Italy (CNR, Progetto Finalizzato Chimica Fine II) and to the Ministry of University and of Scientific and Technological Research (MURST) for financial support.  相似文献   

14.
Densities and heat capacities at 25°C were measured for N-octyl-, N-decyl- and N-dodecyl-N-methylpiperidinium chlorides and for N-octyl- and N-dodecylpiperidine hydrochlorides in water as functions of concentration. Enthalpies of dilution at 25°C and osmotic coefficients at 37°C of the N-methyl-N-alkylpiperidinium chlorides were also measured as functions of concentration. The partial molar volumes, heat capacities, relative enthalpies, nonideal Gibbs energies and entropies at 25°C were derived as functions of the surfactant concentration. By increasing the alkyl chain length of the surfactant, both the apparent molar volume vs. concentration curves are shifted toward greater values while the corresponding ones for the heat capacity are moved toward more negative values. These results are consistent with the higher hydrophobicity the longer the alkyl chain of the surfactant is. In the micellar region, the entropy and enthalpy vs. log m/m cmc curves increase in a parallel manner by decreasing the alkyl chain length of the surfactant. Consequently, the negligible effect of the hydrophobicity of the surfactant on the Gibbs energy vs. log m/m cmc trends is due to the enthalpy-entropy compensative effect. The thermodynamic functions of micellization were graphically evaluated on the basis of the pseudo-phase transition model. The absolute values of both the volume and heat capacity of micellization increase with an increasing number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain (n c ). The enthalpy and entropy of micellization vs. n c are convex curves. Comparisons are also made between the present data and those of some alkylpyridinium chlorides reported elsewhere.  相似文献   

15.
用原子特性自相关拓扑指数预测链烷烃的热力学性质   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
原子特征值 ( Si)被定义为 :Si=ni- 1ki mi( ∑Eij+ hi Ei)。由 Si建构原子特征自相关拓扑指数 ( F )及原子特征连接性指数 ( Y)的公式为 :F =∑( Si· Sj) 0 .5、Y=∑ ( Si·Sj) - 0 .5。它们与 85种链烷烃热力学性质 ( P)的二元线性回归方程为 :P =a + b F +c Y(或 P3) 。 P为标准生成焓、标准熵、标准生成自由能的二元相关指数依次为 0 .9953、0 .9992、0 .9941 ,优于文献方法  相似文献   

16.
Isodesmic reactions involving methyl, phenyl, and vinyl species are shown to be accompanied by small entropy changes. In contrast, the association≓ reaction of methane with vinyl species has a large entropy change that is quite well estimated by approximate translational entropy differences. The effect of neglecting multiple species on conformational equilibrium returns us to small but still predictable changes.  相似文献   

17.
Densities, heat capacities and enthalpies of dilution at 25°C and osmotic coefficients at 37°C were measured for N-octyl-, N-decyl- and N-dodecyl-pyridinium chlorides in water over a wide concentration region. Conductivity measurements were performed in order to evaluate the cmc and the degree of counterion dissociation. Partial molar volumes, heat capacities, relative enthalpies and nonideal free energies and entropies at 25°C were derived from the experimental data as functions of the surfactant concentration. The changes with concentration of these properties are quite regular with the exception of the heat capacities which display anomalies at about 0.9, 0.25 and 0.12 mol-kg–1 for the octyl, decyl and dodecyl compounds, respectively. At these concentrations there were also changes in the slopes of the specific conductivity and of the product of the osmotic coefficients and the molality vs. concentration. These peculiarities can be ascribed to micelle structural transitions. The thermodynamic functions of micellization were graphically evaluated on the basis of the pseudo-phase transition model. These data have been compared to those for alkyltrimethylammonium bromides and alkylnicotinamide chlorides. It is shown that the introduction of the hydrophilic CONH2 group lowers the hydrophilic character of the pyridinium ring.  相似文献   

18.
The mass spectral decomposition of di- and polyfunctional alkanes is characterized essentially by two, fundamentally different reactions: On the one hand the structures of the fragment ions are determined by separated degradation of each functional group; on the other hand, however, a relatively large number of fragment ions result from the combined action of two or even more functional groups. This special type of fragmentation has become an important topic in today's mass spectral research. In the present progress report an attempt has been made to summarize the results obtained so far.  相似文献   

19.
Mixtures of the diastereomers of 2,2,3,5,6-pentamethylheptane were prepared in two ways, either starting with compounds of (3R)-configuration, or from compounds of (5R)-configuration. Comparison of the GC. and optical rotatory power of the fractions of these two mixtures permitted the unambiguous assignment of the absolute configuration and molar rotatory power to the various diastereomers ([M] = + 119.1° for the (3R, 5R)- and [M] = + 79.8° for the (3R, 5S)-diastereomer). The very high molar rotatory power which was expected on the basis of the conformational analysis carried out with a rotational-isomeric-3-states model is interpreted as arising from the molecular ‘conformational rigidity’, i.e. from the presence of only few conformers. Conformational properties of these compounds were computed using a new approach, which scans the whole space of each bond (2 π) in 5° steps and calculates the conformational energy based upon semiempirical potential functions. The conformational flexibility of each bond of the two diastereomers is evaluated in terms of the a priori probability density function of that bond. This allows us to analyze in detail how configurational differences affect conformational properties. The molar rotatory power of the two diastereomers as calculated with a new method recently developed in our group is in excellent agreement with experimental data. The molar rotatory power is analyzed in terms of the contribution of the single bonds.  相似文献   

20.
Enthalpies of transfer of HCl from water to aqueous glucose were determined calorimetrically at 25°C at several mixed solvent compositions ranging up to glucose mole fraction X3=0.0624 (40 wt. %). These were combined with free energies of transfer calculated from emf measurements to yield entropies of transfer, and all properties are compared with those observed for HCl and NaCl transfer to other aqueous nonelectrolyte mixed solvents.  相似文献   

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