元素含量分析应用于樱桃产地溯源

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)对来自美国、加拿大和中国3个地区的92份樱桃中51种元素含量进行测定,并结合化学计量学中主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA),建立了基于元素含量的判别模型对3个地区樱桃进行区分。结果表明,PCA和PLS-DA多元统计模型均可区分中国和美国、加拿大和中国来源的樱桃样品,中国樱桃与美国、加拿大两国樱桃样品具有显著聚集特征,但美国与加拿大两国樱桃样品聚集交叉在一起。樱桃样品的PLS-DA产地溯源鉴定模型显示,Pr、Nd、Ce、Y、Co、Mo、Mn、Dy、Gd、Ni、Ho、Sm、Sr、Er、Ga、U、Na、Yb、Be和Zn 20种元素为主要显著元素变量,根据这20种元素含量分布情况即可构建樱桃的产地溯源鉴定模型。PLS-DA产地溯源鉴定模型对3个产地来源樱桃样品识别率分别是美国50%、加拿大83.3%和中国83.3%。     

23种中国和法国小麦样品及小麦面粉样品的九种元素的分析

通过采电电感耦合等离子发射光谱对10种法国小麦样品、2种中国小麦样品、7种法国小麦面粉样品以及4种中国面粉样品进行了钙、镁、锌、铁、锰、铜、钼、钾及磷共9种微和常量元素的含量分析.结果表明:小麦样品中元素含量最高的为磷、钾和镁,其次为钙、铁、锌、锰、铜和钼.小麦面粉样品中元素含量最高的为磷、钾、钙和镁,其次为铁、锌、锰、铜和钼.法国小麦样品中的1号样品(TREMIE)是居第一位的含微量元素量较高的小麦品种,中国小麦面粉样品的11号样品(标粉)是居第一位含微量元素较高的小麦面粉样品.其中对人体有益的元素远远不能满足人体的需要.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法检测产自不同地区的海洛因中15种元素

应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对来自不同地区的9个海洛因样品中15种无机元素(包括铁、铜、锶、钡、锌、锂、钪、钛、钒、铬、锰、钴、镍、硼和磷)作了检测,以期寻找上述元素的含量在不同来源的样品中可能存在的差别.结果发现在上述15种元素中只有前面5种元素的存在量超过了测定下限.据此对此5种元素用ICP-AES法进行定量测定,所得结果显示不同地区的样品中这5种元素的含量之间有明显的差异,特别是铁、铜、锌3种元素的含量差异更为显著,可作为判断海洛因来源的依据.     

学龄儿童智商与微量元素含量关系研究

为了解头发微量元素含量与学龄儿童智商之间的关系,本文测定了深圳市某小学570名7－13岁低智商儿童和正常儿童的IQ值及其头发中七种元素（I、Zn、Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn、Pb）的含量,并对低智商儿童及正常儿童头发中的元素含量作了比较。结果表明,低智商儿童头发碘、锌、钙的含量显著低于正常儿童头发中的含量,而发铅则显著高于正常儿童的含量。说明儿童智商高低与机体碘、锌、钙以及铅的含量有密切关系。     

广州市与台州市3岁儿童全血部分常量元素与微量元素含量比较分析

为比较不同地区,不同性别3岁儿童全血微量元素及钙、镁的含量,采用原子吸收分光光谱法对广州市及台州市的3岁儿童末梢血中的铜、锌、铁、镁、钙的含量进行测定,比较两个地区及同一地区不同性别的五元素水平.结果表明,广州市与台州市3岁儿童末梢血中的铜、锌、铁、镁、钙的含量有统计学差异,台州市不同性别五元素的含量均没有统计学差异,...     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定中药材中钙、镁和磷

应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定了3种中药材(淫羊藿、杜仲及肉苁蓉)中生物元素钙、镁及磷的含量.用干灰化法处理药材试样,残渣用硝酸溶解并以水定容后备作AES测定.选择波长为 317.933,280.271 及 214.914 nm 3条分析谱线分别测定钙、镁及磷3元素的含量.3元素的检出限依次为 10.0,1.6 及 140.0 mg·L-1.应用所提出的方法测定了上述3种中药材中的钙、镁和磷的含量,算得 3 元素的相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于3%.     

对藏族、回族、蒙古族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族和满族人发中7种微量元素的聚类分析

用等离子体发射光谱法对中国藏族、回族、蒙古族、维吾尔族和哈萨克族人发中的钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、镉7种微量元素的含量进行了测定，对满族、蒙古族和维吾尔族3个民族，对藏族、回族、蒙古族、维吾尔族和哈萨克族5个民族进行了聚类分析，两组中每个民族基本上聚为一类，误判率分别小于10％和5％，说明上述民族的头发中7种元素含量的综合水平存在着较显著的差别。     

几种药渣中铁、锌等元素含量的测定及再利用讨论

用原子吸收分光光度法测定几种药渣中铁、锌、铜、锰元素含量,为药渣再利用提供依据。实验表明,不同药渣中铁、锌、铜、锰元素含量不同,同一药渣中各元素含量也不同,且药渣中铁元素含量均高于其它几种元素;实验所测的药渣中平均含铁318.3mg/kg,锌、锰平均含量为34.31和39.13mg/kg。药渣中含有较为丰富的Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn元素,具有再利用价值。     

锌诱导对香菇菌丝生长速度及金属硫蛋白含量影响

金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein)对镉、铜和锌等多种元素有高度亲和性,具有重金属解毒的功能。选取食用菌中的香菇(Mushrooms)作为代表菌种,在固体培养基中添加了不同浓度梯度的元素锌盐溶液,每天测定不同锌浓度作用下香菇的生长速度;培养结束,测定菌丝体内锌含量和金属硫蛋白含量。结果表明,培养环境中锌浓度越高,菌丝体内富锌量越多。通过一系列元素吸附和金属硫蛋白含量相关性分析,发现元素锌含量与香菇中金属硫蛋白含量呈正相关性,锌含量越高,金属硫蛋白含量也越高。实验结果为香菇及其他食用菌富集元素锌机理提供参考,还为食用菌安全问题的解决提供一定参考依据。     

幼儿头发中微量元素含量相关性研究

为探讨儿童头发中微量元素是否有协同或拮抗作用,测定了646名1－3岁和3803名4－7岁儿童头发中的Zn,Fe,Cu,Ca,Mn和Pb含量,并研究了各元素间的相互关系,结果表明：1－3岁幼儿头发中Zn,Fe,Cu,Ca,Mn和Pb各元素间均呈正相关,4－7岁儿童的发锌含量与发铅含量呈非常显著负相关（P值均＜0．001）,其它各元素间均呈正相关。     

Iturin A Induces Resistance and Improves the Quality and Safety of Harvested Cherry Tomato

The soft rot disease caused by Rhizopus stolonifer is an important disease in cherry tomato fruit. In this study, the effect of iturin A on soft rot of cherry tomato and its influence on the storage quality of cherry tomato fruit were investigated. The results showed that 512 μg/mL of iturin A could effectively inhibit the incidence of soft rot of cherry tomato fruit. It was found that iturin A could induce the activity of resistance-related enzymes including phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), glucanase (GLU), and chitinase (CHI), and active oxygen-related enzymes including ascorbate peroxidases (APX), superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) of cherry tomato fruit. In addition, iturin A treatment could slow down the weight loss of cherry tomato and soften the fruit. These results indicated that iturin A could retard the decay and improve the quality of cherry tomato fruit by both the inhibition growth of R. stolonifera and the inducing the resistance.     

A preliminary study of plant aroma profile characteristics by a combination sampling method coupled with GC-MS

Plant aroma profile characteristic is an important bio-information. In this study, a sampling method in combination with headspace solid phase microextraction (HSSPME), simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and steam distillation (SD), followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection, was used to study the aroma profile characteristics of the fresh and stale samples of common tomato, cherry tomato, durian and longan, and of the different samples of Chinese mango and Allium varieties. The typical aroma volatiles of these samples were isolated and identified according to the different degrees of certainty. The different samples showed different aroma profile characteristics when principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to analyze the data of the aroma profile chromatograms. Then the crucial aroma volatiles contributing greatly to the clustering differences of the aroma profile characteristics of the fresh and stale common tomato, cherry tomato, durian and longan were identified by common model strategy. These compounds are potential bio-markers of plant metabolism, but further study is needed. Continuous investigations for the aroma profile characteristics of common tomato during storage and chive during growth were conducted to distill the potential bio-information from the plant metabolism processes. The saturated hexanal of common tomato increased during storage, whereas the unsaturated hexenal reduced. The accumulating trends of volatile sulfides were observed during chive growth. The preliminary results related with the corresponding bio-information could provide helpful clues to the study of plant's secondary metabolism process and benefit quality control.     

Fast data preprocessing for chromatographic fingerprints of tomato cell wall polysaccharides using chemometric methods

The variability in the chemistry of cell wall polysaccharides in pericarp tissue of red-ripe tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) was characterized by chemical methods and enzymatic degradations coupled to high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) and mass spectrometry analysis. Large fruited line, Levovil (LEV) carrying introgressed chromosome fragments from a cherry tomato line Cervil (CER) on chromosomes 4 (LC4), 9 (LC9), or on chromosomes 1, 2, 4 and 9 (LCX) and containing quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for texture traits, was studied. In order to differentiate cell wall polysaccharide modifications in the tomato fruit collection by multivariate analysis, chromatograms were corrected for baseline drift and shift of the component elution time using an approach derived from image analysis and mathematical morphology. The baseline was first corrected by using a "moving window" approach while the peak-matching method developed was based upon location of peaks as local maxima within a window of a definite size. The fast chromatographic data preprocessing proposed was a prerequisite for the different chemometric treatments, such as variance and principal component analysis applied herein to the analysis. Applied to the tomato collection, the combined enzymatic degradations and HPAEC analyses revealed that the firm LCX and CER genotypes showed a higher proportion of glucuronoxylans and pectic arabinan side chains while the mealy LC9 genotype demonstrated the highest content of pectic galactan side chains. QTLs on tomato chromosomes 1, 2, 4 and 9 contain important genes controlling glucuronoxylan and pectic neutral side chains biosynthesis and/or metabolism.     

多壁碳纳米管固相萃取净化气相色谱法分析蔬菜中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留

建立了多壁碳纳米管为吸附剂的固相萃取(SPE)净化、气相色谱-电子捕获检测(GC-ECD)测定蔬菜中6种有机氯和7种拟除虫菊酯农药的方法。采用双柱(HP-50和HP-1色谱柱)双检测器进行定性和定量分析。蔬菜样品采用乙腈提取,多壁碳纳米管SPE柱净化,正己烷溶解上样,丙酮-正己烷(7:3, v/v)洗脱,13种农药中有11种农药的添加回收率高于70%。将该净化方法用于荷兰黄瓜、卷心菜、红圣女果、奶油生菜、紫甘蓝、韭菜、大葱和洋葱等样品的净化,与弗罗里硅土SPE柱相比较,净化效果更好,表明多壁碳纳米管具有较强的吸附去除色素的能力,可以避免色素对测定的干扰。     

Optimization and development of a high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of vitamin E and carotenoids in tomato fruits

A simple and reliable high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of lipophilic antioxidants in tomato fruits using C₃₀ column operated at 15°C and a gradient mobile phase based on acetonitrile/methanol/dichloromethane in a total run time of 30 min. Diode array and fluorescence detectors were used respectively for the detection of carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and β‐carotene) and vitamin E analogs (α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocopherols, and tocotrienols). The best extraction yield of analytes in tomato fruits was achieved by employing ethyl acetate/hexane (1:1, v/v) after several treatments with various solvents. In addition, low extraction yields were obtained for carotenoids compared to tocopherols by adopting solid‐phase extraction as a second clean‐up step. The method was validated on the basis of recovery, precision, linearity, and limit of detection and quantification using spiked tomato samples. The method was applied to cherry and medium‐sized tomato fruits. Lycopene was found to be present in largest amount in tomato pulp, followed by β‐carotene and lutein. Due to its simplicity, rapidity, and efficiency, the method is suitable for routine analysis of lipophilic antioxidants in tomato fruits, and may also be applied to other vegetables of similar phytochemical profiles.     

Evaluation of Anthocyanin Profile and Color in Sweet Cherry Wine: Effect of Sinapic Acid and Grape Tannins during Aging

Cherries are rich in bioactive phenolic compounds and are often fermented into cherry wines. The degradation of anthocyanins during storage will cause color deterioration. The study aimed to utilize sinapic acid and grape tannins in cherry wine to maintain a high fraction in the colored forms of anthocyanins, in order to maximize the color intensity, the latter being associated with good product quality. The effects on the anthocyanin profile and on color parameters of copigments, utilizing spectral measurement combined with UPLC-MS quantitative analysis, have been evaluated in sweet cherry wines. The copigmentation effect of sinapic acid and grape tannin was accompanied by the bathochromic shift and the hyperchromic effect, which lead to an increase in color intensity (lower L*, higher a* and b*). During the aging process, sinapic and grape tannin increased the content of pyranoanthocyanins in cherry wine, especially the addition of sinapic acid makes the cherry wine generate 10-syringyl-pyranocyanidin-3-rutinoside. These results demonstrate that sinapic acid is suitable for adding before alcohol fermentation, while grape tannins can be added before aging.     

A new steroidal glycoside and a new phenyl glycoside from a ripe cherry tomato

A new steroidal glycoside and a new phenyl glycoside have been isolated from a ripe cherry tomato [Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme (DUNAL) ALEF., Solanaceae] along with two known steroidal alkaloid glycosides, esculeoisides A and B, and five aromatic compounds, zizibeoside I, benzyl alcohol beta-gentiobioside, rutin, methyl caffeate, and phenylalanine. Their chemical structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data as well as chemical evidence.     

Elemental Analysis of Stone Fruits by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Direct Mercury Analysis

This study reports the concentrations of eight trace essential (Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co, V, and Se) and four toxic elements (Pb, As, Cd, and Hg) in commonly consumed stone fruits from South Korea. The samples were digested by microwave-induced combustion and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of mercury were analyzed by direct mercury analysis (DMA). The analytical techniques were validated by linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, recovery, and for accuracy by analyzing a spinach leave-certified reference material; satisfactory results were obtained in all cases. The concentrations of essential trace elements varied considerably among the stone fruits. Generally stone fruits contained comparatively high concentrations of Zn (0.946 to 7.86?µg/g) and Mn (below the limit of detection to 1.66?µg/g), while lower contents of Cu (0.214 to 1.24?µg/g), Cr (0.032 to 0.114?µg/g), Ni (0.006 to 0.091?µg/g), Co (0.004 to 0.016?µg/g), V (below the limit of detection to 0.023?µg/g), and Se (0.0002 to 0.005?µg/g) were obtained. The concentrations (µg/g) of toxic metals were 0.007 (peach) to 0.016 (cherry) for Pb, 0.001 (plum) to 0.007 (cherry) for As, 0.002 (apricot and cherry) to 0.003 (peach) for Cd, and 0.0003 (peach) to 0.0016 (jujube) for Hg. The values for the estimated dietary intakes, target hazard quotients, and hazard indices were lower than the recommended safety limits by World Health Organization. Therefore, the analyzed stone fruits were deemed to be safe for human consumption.     

Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Properties of Sweet Cherry Phenolic-Rich Extracts

Cherries have largely been investigated due to their high content in phenolics in order to fully explore their health-promoting properties. Therefore, this work aimed to assess, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory potential of phenolic-targeted fractions of the Saco cherry, using RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects on gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were evaluated, as well as the ability to protect these cellular models against induced oxidative stress. The obtained data revealed that cherry fractions can interfere with cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels by capturing NO radicals and decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Furthermore, it was observed that all cherry fractions exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against AGS cells, presenting cytotoxic selectivity for these cancer cells when compared to SH-SY5Y and NHDF cells. Regarding their capacity to protect cancer cells against oxidative injury, in most assays, the total cherry extract was the most effective. Overall, this study reinforces the idea that sweet cherries can be incorporated into new pharmaceutical products, smart foods and nutraceuticals.     

Determination of protein content in some foodstaffs using 14 MeV NAA

The protein content of various corn-meals /rice, lupine, sorghum, pumpkin, linseed, water melon, tomato/ collected from Egypt and the USA have been determined by 14 MeV neutron activation analysis via¹⁴N/n, 2n/¹³N reaction. Non-conventional sources like tea and coffee residues were also investigated. The concentrations of trace elements determined by the X-ray fluorescence technique show definite differences even for a given type of seed produced in different geographical regions.