The design of a high power ultrasonic test cell using finite element modelling techniques

This paper will describe the application of a finite element (FE) code to design a test cell, in which a single transducer is used to generate acoustic cavitation. The FE model comprises a 2-D slice through the centre of the test cell and was used to evaluate the generated pressure fields as a function of frequency. Importantly, the pressure fields predicted by FE modelling are used to indicate the position of pressure peaks, or 'hot-spots', and nulls enabling the systems design engineer to visualise both the potential cavitation areas, corresponding to the 'hot-spots', and areas of low acoustic pressure. Through this design process, a rectangular test cell was constructed from perspex for use with a 40 kHz Tonpilz transducer. A series of experimental measurements was conducted to evaluate the cavitation threshold as a function of temperature and viscosity/surface tension, for different fluid load media. The results indicate the potential of the FE design approach and assist the design engineer in understanding the influence of the fluid load medium on the cell's ability to produce a strong cavitation field.     

Finite element modelling of the elastic-plastic stress and strain state and lifetime of the belt chamber

Abstract

A special finite element method (FEM) programme has been developed, reflected all significant phenomena connected with assembly and exploration of the Belt chamber. A nonhomogeneous temperature field is taken into account. Isotropic, kinematic and mixed hardening rules can be considered.     

ITER聚变装置重力支撑有限元模态分析

运用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了ITER装置重力支撑结构环向20°的三维有限元模型,采用子空间法对ITER重力支撑结构系统进行了有限元模态分析,求出了重力支撑系统的前10阶固有频率和振型,并对振型特点进行了分析。     

ITER结构冷却馈线有限元分析

阐述了ITER结构冷却馈线的设计.运用有限元法对冷却馈线进行静力分析及地震分析,校核了馈线的应力及变形情况,验证了馈线结构设计的安全可靠性.     

斯特林制冷机中膜片弹簧的有限元可视化分析

文中对直线电机驱动斯特林制冷机中的膜片弹簧进行了有限元分析,得到了几种载荷状态下的可视化变形图,并将计算结果与实验值进行了比较,验证了有限元方法的有效性。通过对应力集中、固有频率等方面的研究,对膜片弹簧的线型进行优化,以适应制冷机航天工作的要求。     

涡旋板弹簧的有限元分析及实验

板弹簧支承技术是线性压缩机的关键技术之一,在为活塞提供轴向回复力的同时,还用来支承压缩活塞、保证密封间隙。在优化分析的基础上,文中设计制造了一款三臂涡旋板弹簧。利用ANSYS有限元软件分析了该款板弹簧的轴向刚度、径向刚度、应力分布以及固有频率特性,并对板弹簧的轴向刚度和固有频率进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,采用有限元分析方法分析板弹簧性能是有效的。     

Finite element modeling of the deformation of magnetoelastic film

Recently a new class of biocompatible elastic polymers loaded with small ferrous particles, a magnetoelastic polymer, has been developed. This engineered material is formed into a thin film using spin casting. An applied magnetic field will deform the film. The magnetic deformation of this film has many possible applications, particularly in microfluidic pumps and pressure regulators. In this paper a finite element method suitable for the transient simulation of arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional magnetoelastic polymers subjected to time-varying magnetic fields is developed. The approach is similar to that employed in finite elment magnetohydrodynamic simulations, the key difference is a more complex hyperelastic material model. In order to confirm the validity of the approach, finite element solutions for an axially symmetric thin film are compared to an analytical solution based on the membrane (infinitely thin) approximation. For this particular problem the two approaches give qualitatively similar results and converge as the film thickness approaches zero.     

Finite element method for the two-dimensional atmospheric radiative transfer

The finite element method is applied to the solution of the two-dimensional atmospheric radiative transfer. The analysis is mainly focussed on the derivation of the cell or element equation. The Galerkin method and several hybrid methods using the integral and finite difference form of the radiative transfer equation are employed to obtain the cell equation. The assembled system of equations relating the radiances at the lower and upper boundary of the domain is solved by a direct method.     

三种不同型线柔性弹簧的有限元分析及对比研究

柔性弹簧对于低温制冷机的间隙密封及可靠性具有重要作用,文中在总结国内外柔性弹簧型线的基础上,针对用于低温制冷机的三种典型柔性弹簧,采用Ansys软件对其应力分布、径轴向刚度以及自然频率等特性进行了数值模拟和对比分析,该研究为探索具有优良性能的新型线结构的柔性弹簧指明了方向.     

Finite element analysis of AC loss in non-twisted Bi-2223 tape carrying AC transport current and/or exposed to DC or AC external magnetic field

AC losses in Bi-2223 superconducting tapes carrying AC transport current and/or exposed to DC or AC magnetic field are calculated with a numerical model based on the finite element method. Superconducting property is given by the E–J characteristic represented by a power law using equivalent conductivity. First, transport loss and magnetization loss are calculated numerically and compared with measured values. The calculated losses almost agree with the measured losses. Frequency dependencies of calculated and measured transport losses are compared with each other. Next, the influence of DC external magnetic field on the transport loss is studied. DC external magnetic field reduces n that is an exponent in the power law connecting resistivity and current density. The numerically calculated transport loss increases with increasing DC magnetic field. Finally, the total loss of superconducting tape carrying AC transport current in AC magnetic field is calculated. In the perpendicular magnetic field, the calculated total loss is lager than the sum of the transport loss and the magnetization loss, while they almost agree with each other in the parallel magnetic field.     

Finite element modeling of the mechanical effects of the UV laser ablation of polymer coatings

Laser ablation constitutes the basis of a number of techniques aiming at the processing and diagnosis of polymeric coatings on a variety of substrates. In all these applications, however, the issue is raised about the mechanical effects of the procedure on the substrate integrity. To this end, we employ finite element modeling for simulating the mechanical effects of UV laser ablation on a polymer specimen, with particular emphasis on the structural modifications that may be induced at areas away from the ablation spot. The cylindrical specimen consists of a poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) film on a silica substrate. The analysis shows that stresses of high enough amplitude may propagate to distances far away from the irradiated spot and may induce deleterious mechanical deformations (e.g., cracks or delaminations). The dependence of the distribution of the tensile stresses on the thickness of the two components, as well as on size of the ablation spot area, is examined. Finally, the possibility of growth of pre-existing defects is shown. The results are overall in very good agreement with experimental observations.     

Finite element analysis of concurrent radiation and conduction in participating media

A method is proposed to calculate temperature, conductive and radiative heat flux distributions in a participating medium. The method is based on the simultaneous solution of two non-linear and mutually conjugated equations describing distribution of both temperature and the so-called radiation function in the medium. In the case of isotropic scattering, the latter quantity, is proportional to the local energy density of radiation. The solution of the coupled non-linear equations is based on the finite element spatial discretization combined with the iterative technique.     

ICF空心微球靶传热的有限元分析

 为分析冷冻靶丸外部温度场，应用ANSYS软件对ICF空心微球靶的热传递进行了有限元分析。建立了单元传热的几何物理模型，靶丸微球呈空间均匀分布，计算区域由三个同心球壳组成，分别为液体层、靶丸壳层以及氦气层，氦气层厚度为球壳层厚度的7倍。模型左右两边界设为绝热边界条件，采用智能自动划分网格,设定参数为3，单元类型为三角形。模拟表明，在靶丸工作温度为24 K的情况下，为保持靶丸气泡受力平衡，自洽得到靶丸内部温度梯度为14.02 K/cm，以此求解出所施加的外部温度场为7.758 K/cm。将计算值与现有的实验结果进行了比较，模拟结果与国外实验值(8.2 K/cm)吻合得较好。     

Laser shock forming of aluminum sheet: Finite element analysis and experimental study

Laser shock forming (LSF) is characterized in non-contact load, high pressure and high strain ratio. This new forming process using laser-induced shock pressure can shape sheet metal without complicated forming equipments. The know-how of the forming process is essential to efficiently and accurately control the deformation of sheet metal. Experiment and numerical simulation are the important approaches for forming analysis. Taken the aluminum sheets with different thickness as the specimen, the finite element (FE) analysis for LSF was performed. In the paper, Q-switch Nd:YAG Laser with a maximum power density of 4.5 GW/cm² was used. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experiment. It showed that the formed aluminum sheets were in the form of concavo-convex. Finally, the transient and static deformations of thin sheet metal under specific operation conditions were also studied.     

Finite element approximation of the Fokker-Planck equation for diffuse optical tomography

In diffuse optical tomography, light transport theory is used to describe photon propagation inside turbid medium. A commonly used simplification for the radiative transport equation is the diffusion approximation due to computational feasibility. However, it is known that the diffusion approximation is not valid close to the sources and boundary and in low-scattering regions. Fokker-Planck equation describes light propagation when scattering is forward-peaked. In this article a numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation using finite element method is developed. Approach is validated against Monte Carlo simulation and compared with the diffusion approximation. The results show that the Fokker-Planck equation gives equal or better results than the diffusion approximation on the boundary of a homogeneous medium and in turbid medium containing a low-scattering region when scattering is forward-peaked.     

大口径望远镜结构的有限元分析

望远镜是动态光电跟踪探测系统中的关键部件之一,特别是大口径光学系统,不仅要求主望远镜的稳定性高,还要尽可能地减少结构质量。根据1.3m大口径望远镜的结构设计方案,利用大型有限元结构分析软件I DEAS,采用板壳和质量单元描述结构主体,建立了较为精确的结构分析模型,求得了望远镜在不同俯仰角位置时的主、次镜位置变化,为整个望远镜的结构设计提供了可靠的依据。     

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用有限元法对EAST装置磁体系统的高性能氦气密复合材料绝缘子性能作了全面的分析.结果表明:绝缘子可满足承受EAST装置耐电压15kV的使用要求;热应力对绝缘子的绝缘层影响最大,外力对绝缘层应力的影响可忽略;EAST复合材料绝缘子具有优良的低温力学性能.     

Finite element modelling of a rotating piezoelectric ultrasonic motor

The evaluation of the performance of ultrasonic motors as a function of input parameters such as the driving frequency, voltage input and pre-load on the rotor is of key importance to their development and is here addressed by means of a finite element three-dimensional model. First the stator is simulated as a fully deformable elastic body and the travelling wave dynamics is accurately reproduced; secondly the interaction through contact between the stator and the rotor is accounted for by assuming that the rotor behaves as a rigid surface. Numerical results for the whole motor are finally compared to available experimental data.     

超薄镜的有限元分析

建立了组成空间望远镜主镜的超薄扇形子镜的有限元模型,分析了镜面的热变形和影响函数。通过对热变形的分析表明,为了减小空间温度场产生的镜面变形,应该选用具有一定弹性的面形致动器,或者致动器与镜面之间具有一定的相对滑动能力。通过对影响函数的分析表明:对所研究的弹性致动器来说,相邻致动器器之间具有明显的位移耦合,间隔致动器的耦合可以忽略;边缘致动器由于受到的约束比较小,在同样的致动伸长量下,产生的位移大于中心致动器。     

超导悬浮系统中电磁力的有限元分析

利用超导体宏观电磁场的Bean模型和有限元方法对由超导体和超导悬浮线圈所组成的悬浮系统进行了分析计算,通过定量计算与模拟,得到了超导体感应的屏蔽电流分布,从而得到了悬浮间隙及悬浮线圈中的电流对悬浮力的影响规律,同时分析了悬浮线圈尺寸与最大悬浮力之间的关系。这些数值计算结果为优化超导悬浮系统的结构设计提供了理论依据。