An A∞-structure on the Cohomology Ring of the Symmetric Group S p with Coefficients in 𝔽 p

Let p be a prime. Let ?? _p S _p be the group algebra of the symmetric group over the finite field with p elements ?? _p . Let ?? _p be the trivial ?? _p S _p -module. We choose a projective resolution PRes?? _p of the module ?? _p and equip the Yoneda algebra \(\mathrm{Ext}^{\ast }_{\mathbb{F}_{p} S_{p}}\left( \mathbb{F}_{p}, \mathbb{F}_{p}\right)\) with an A_∞-structure such that \(\mathrm{Ext}^{\ast }_{\mathbb{F}_{p} S_{p}}\left( \mathbb{F}_{p}, \mathbb{F}_{p}\right)\) becomes a minimal model in the sense of Kadeishvili of the dg-algebra \(\mathrm{Hom}^{\ast }_{\mathbb{F}_{p} S_{p}}\left(PRes \mathbb{F}_{p}, PRes \mathbb{F}_{p}\right)\) .     

Permanent Versus Determinant over a Finite Field

Let $ \mathbb{F} $ be a finite field of characteristic different from 2. We study the cardinality of sets of matrices with a given determinant or a given permanent for the set of Hermitian matrices $ {{\mathcal{H}}_n}\left( \mathbb{F} \right) $ and for the whole matrix space M _n ( $ \mathbb{F} $ ). It is known that for n = 2, there are bijective linear maps Φ on $ {{\mathcal{H}}_n}\left( \mathbb{F} \right) $ and M _n ( $ \mathbb{F} $ ) satisfying the condition per A = det Φ(A). As an application of the obtained results, we show that if n ≥ 3, then the situation is completely different and already for n = 3, there is no pair of maps (Φ, ?), where Φ is an arbitrary bijective map on matrices and ? : $ \mathbb{F} $ → $ \mathbb{F} $ is an arbitrary map such that per A = ?(det Φ(A)) for all matrices A from the spaces $ {{\mathcal{H}}_n}\left( \mathbb{F} \right) $ and M _n ( $ \mathbb{F} $ ), respectively. Moreover, for the space M _n ( $ \mathbb{F} $ ), we show that such a pair of transformations does not exist also for an arbitrary n > 3 if the field $ \mathbb{F} $ contains sufficiently many elements (depending on n). Our results are illustrated by a number of examples.     

Representation of cyclotomic fields and their subfields

Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a finite extension of a characteristic zero field $\mathbb{F}$ . We say that a pair of n × n matrices (A,B) over $\mathbb{F}$ represents $\mathbb{K}$ if $\mathbb{K} \cong {{\mathbb{F}\left[ A \right]} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\mathbb{F}\left[ A \right]} {\left\langle B \right\rangle }}} \right. \kern-0em} {\left\langle B \right\rangle }}$ , where $\mathbb{F}\left[ A \right]$ denotes the subalgebra of $\mathbb{M}_n \left( \mathbb{F} \right)$ containing A and 〈B〉 is an ideal in $\mathbb{F}\left[ A \right]$ , generated by B. In particular, A is said to represent the field $\mathbb{K}$ if there exists an irreducible polynomial $q\left( x \right) \in \mathbb{F}\left[ x \right]$ which divides the minimal polynomial of A and $\mathbb{K} \cong {{\mathbb{F}\left[ A \right]} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\mathbb{F}\left[ A \right]} {\left\langle {q\left( A \right)} \right\rangle }}} \right. \kern-0em} {\left\langle {q\left( A \right)} \right\rangle }}$ . In this paper, we identify the smallest order circulant matrix representation for any subfield of a cyclotomic field. Furthermore, if p is a prime and $\mathbb{K}$ is a subfield of the p-th cyclotomic field, then we obtain a zero-one circulant matrix A of size p × p such that (A, J) represents $\mathbb{K}$ , where J is the matrix with all entries 1. In case, the integer n has at most two distinct prime factors, we find the smallest order 0, 1-companion matrix that represents the n-th cyclotomic field. We also find bounds on the size of such companion matrices when n has more than two prime factors.     

The Algebra of Polynomial Integro-Differential Operators is a Holonomic Bimodule over the Subalgebra of Polynomial Differential Operators

In contrast to its subalgebra $A_n:=K\langle x_1, \ldots , x_n, \frac{\partial}{\partial x_1}, \ldots ,\frac{\partial}{\partial x_n}\rangle $ of polynomial differential operators (i.e. the n’th Weyl algebra), the algebra ${\mathbb{I}}_n:=K\langle x_1, \ldots ,$ $ x_n, \frac{\partial}{\partial x_1}, \ldots ,\frac{\partial}{\partial x_n}, \int_1, \ldots , \int_n\rangle $ of polynomial integro-differential operators is neither left nor right Noetherian algebra; moreover it contains infinite direct sums of nonzero left and right ideals. It is proved that ${\mathbb{I}}_n$ is a left (right) coherent algebra iff n?=?1; the algebra ${\mathbb{I}}_n$ is a holonomic A _n -bimodule of length 3 ⁿ and has multiplicity 3 ⁿ with respect to the filtration of Bernstein, and all 3 ⁿ simple factors of ${\mathbb{I}}_n$ are pairwise non-isomorphic A _n -bimodules. The socle length of the A _n -bimodule ${\mathbb{I}}_n$ is n?+?1, the socle filtration is found, and the m’th term of the socle filtration has length ${n\choose m}2^{n-m}$ . This fact gives a new canonical form for each polynomial integro-differential operator. It is proved that the algebra ${\mathbb{I}}_n$ is the maximal left (resp. right) order in the largest left (resp. right) quotient ring of the algebra ${\mathbb{I}}_n$ .     

Estimates in Beurling-Helson type theorems: Multidimensional case

We consider the spaces A _p ( $\mathbb{T}^m $ ) of functions f on the m-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^m $ such that the sequence of Fourier coefficients $\hat f = \{ \hat f(k),k \in \mathbb{Z}^m \} $ belongs to l ^p (? ^m ), 1 ≤ p < 2. The norm on A _p ( $\mathbb{T}^m $ ) is defined by $\left\| f \right\|_{A_p (\mathbb{T}^m )} = \left\| {\hat f} \right\|_{l^p (\mathbb{Z}^m )} $ . We study the rate of growth of the norms $\left\| {e^{i\lambda \phi } } \right\|_{A_p (\mathbb{T}^m )} $ as |λ| → ∞, λ ∈ ?, for C ¹-smooth real functions φ on $\mathbb{T}^m $ (the one-dimensional case was investigated by the author earlier). The lower estimates that we obtain have direct analogs for the spaces A _p (? ^m ).     

Characteristic rank of vector bundles over Stiefel manifolds

The characteristic rank of a vector bundle ξ over a finite connected CW-complex X is by definition the largest integer ${k, 0 \leq k \leq \mathrm{dim}(X)}$ , such that every cohomology class ${x \in H^{j}(X;\mathbb{Z}_2), 0 \leq j \leq k}$ , is a polynomial in the Stiefel–Whitney classes w _i (ξ). In this note we compute the characteristic rank of vector bundles over the Stiefel manifold ${V_k(\mathbb{F}^n), \mathbb{F} = \mathbb{R}, \mathbb{C}, \mathbb{H}}$ .     

A remark on Nesterenko’s theorem for Ramanujan functions

We study the algebraic independence of values of the Ramanujan q-series $A_{2j+1}(q)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}n^{2j+1}q^{2n}/(1-q^{2n})$ or S _2j+1(q) (j≥0). It is proved that, for any distinct positive integers i, j satisfying $(i,j)\not=(1,3)$ and for any $q\in \overline{ \mathbb{Q}}$ with 0<|q|<1, the numbers A ₁(q), A _2i+1(q), A _2j+1(q) are algebraically independent over $\overline{ \mathbb{Q}}$ . Furthermore, the q-series A _2i+1(q) and A _2j+1(q) are algebraically dependent over $\overline{ \mathbb{Q}}(q)$ if and only if (i,j)=(1,3).     

On a problem concerning the Banach algebra generated by the maps n\mapsto\lambda^{\binom{n}{k}}

In Jabbari and Namioka (Milan J. Math. 78:503?C522, 2010), the authors characterized the spectrum M(W) of the Weyl algebra W, i.e. the norm closure of the algebra generated by the family of functions $\{n\mapsto x^{n^{k}}; x\in\mathbb{T}, k\in\mathbb{N}\}$ , ( $\mathbb{T}$ the unit circle), with a closed subgroup of $E(\mathbb{T})^{\mathbb{N}}$ where $E(\mathbb{T})$ denotes the family of the endomorphisms of the multiplicative group $\mathbb{T}$ . But the size of M(W) in $E(\mathbb{T})^{\mathbb{N}}$ as well as the induced group operation were left as a problem. In this paper, we will give a solution to this problem.     

Interpolation of states by vector states on certain operator algebras

LetT be an operator on an infinite dimensional Hilbert space \(\mathcal{H}\) with eigenvectorsv _i , ‖v _i ‖=1,i=1, 2, ..., andsp{v _i ?i∈n} dense in \(\mathcal{H}\) . Suppose that {v _i } is a Schauder basis for \(\mathcal{H}\) . We denote byA _T the ultraweakly closed algebra generated byT andI, the identity operator on \(\mathcal{H}\) . For any nonnegative sequence of scalars \(\left\{ {\alpha ,with = \sum\nolimits_1^\infty {\alpha _1 } = 1} \right\},\) , we associate an ultraweakly (normal) continuous linear functional \(\phi _\alpha = \sum\nolimits_1^\infty {\alpha _j } \omega _v\) where \(\phi _\alpha \left( A \right) = \lim _n \sum\nolimits_1^n {\alpha _j } \omega _v ,\) , and \(\omega _v ,\left( A \right) =< Av_1 ,v_1 >\) for allA∈A _T . We denote the set of all such linear functionals onA TbyF(T). The question that we investigate in this paper is whether each linear functional φ_α inF(T) is a vector state, i.e. does φ_α=ωx for some unit vectorx in \(\mathcal{H}\) ?     

On the Equivariant Cohomology of Subvarieties of a \mathfrak{B}-Regular Variety

By a $\mathfrak{B}$ -regular variety, we mean a smooth projective variety over $\mathbb{C}$ admitting an algebraic action of the upper triangular Borel subgroup $\mathfrak{B} \subset {\text{SL}}_{2} {\left( \mathbb{C} \right)}$ such that the unipotent radical in $\mathfrak{B}$ has a unique fixed point. A result of Brion and the first author [4] describes the equivariant cohomology algebra (over $\mathbb{C}$ ) of a $\mathfrak{B}$ -regular variety X as the coordinate ring of a remarkable affine curve in $X \times \mathbb{P}^{1}$ . The main result of this paper uses this fact to classify the $\mathfrak{B}$ -invariant subvarieties Y of a $\mathfrak{B}$ -regular variety X for which the restriction map i _Y : H ^*(X) → H ^*(Y) is surjective.     

Inhomogenous quantum codes (I): additive case

In this paper, the quantum error-correcting codes are generalized to the inhomogenous quantum-state space $ \mathbb{C}^{q_1 } \otimes \mathbb{C}^{q_2 } \otimes \cdots \otimes \mathbb{C}^{q_n } $ , where q _i (1 ? i ? n) are arbitrary positive integers. By attaching an abelian group A _i of order q _i to the space Cqi $ \mathbb{C}^{q_1 } \left( {1 \leqslant i \leqslant n} \right) $ , we present the stabilizer construction of such inhomogenous quantum codes, called additive quantum codes, in term of the character theory of the abelian group A = A ₁⊕A ₂⊕...⊕? _n . As usual case, such construction opens a way to get inhomogenous quantum codes from the classical mixed linear codes. We also present Singleton bound for inhomogenous additive quantum codes and show several quantum codes to meet such bound by using classical mixed algebraic-geometric codes.     

Existence of nontrivial solutions of linear functional equations

In this paper we study the functional equation $$\sum_{i=1}^n a_i f(b_i x+c_i h)=0 \quad (x, h \in \mathbb{C})$$ where a _i , b _i , c _i are fixed complex numbers and \({f \colon \mathbb{C} \to \mathbb{C}}\) is the unknown function. We show, that if there is i such that \({b_i / c_i \neq b_j /c_j}\) holds for any \({1 \leq j \leq n,\ j \neq i}\) , the functional equation has a nonconstant solution if and only if there are field automorphisms \({\phi_1, \ldots, \phi_k}\) of \({\mathbb{C}}\) such that \({\phi_1 \cdots \phi_k}\) is a solution of the equation.     

Value-sets of polynomials at p-adic integers

In this paper we are concerned with the classification of the subsets A of ${\mathbb{Z}_p}$ which occur as images ${f(\mathbb{Z}_p^r)}$ of polynomial functions ${f:\mathbb{Z}_p^r\to \mathbb{Z}_p}$ , limiting ourselves to compact-open subsets (i.e. finite unions of open balls). We shall prove three main results: (i) Every compact-open ${A\subset \mathbb{Z}_p}$ is of the shape ${A=f(\mathbb{Z}_p^r)}$ for suitable r and ${f\in\mathbb{Z}_p[X_1,\ldots ,X_r]}$ . (ii) For each r ₀ there is a compact-open A such that in (i) we cannot take r < r ₀. (iii) For any compact-open set ${A\subset \mathbb{Z}_p}$ there exists a polynomial ${f\in\mathbb{Q}_p[X]}$ such that ${f(\mathbb{Z}_p)=A}$ . We shall also discuss in more detail which sets A can be represented as ${f(\mathbb{Z}_p)}$ for a polynomial ${f\in\mathbb{Z}_p[X]}$ in a single variable.     

Completeness of the Grid Translates of Functions

If $f\in L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$ is a bounded real valued continuous function which has a unique maximum or a unique minimum at a point $x_{0}\in \mathbb{R}^{d}$ and if the inverse image of the neighborhoods of f(x ₀) shrinks regularly to x ₀, then $\mathrm{ span }\{f^{m}(x-2^{-m}\varSigma_{i=1}^{d} j_{i} e_{i})\mid m\in\mathbb{N}, j_{i}\in\mathbb{Z}\}$ is a dense subset of $L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{d}), 1\le p<\infty$ where f ^m (x)=f(x) ^m and {e _i } is the natural basis of $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ . The result extends to all homogeneous groups, Riemannian symmetric spaces of noncompact type, Damek-Ricci spaces etc.     

Boundedness and Compactness of Pseudodifferential Operators with Non-Regular Symbols on Weighted Lebesgue Spaces

Applying the boundedness on weighted Lebesgue spaces of the maximal singular integral operator S _* related to the Carleson?CHunt theorem on almost everywhere convergence, we study the boundedness and compactness of pseudodifferential operators a(x, D) with non-regular symbols in ${L^\infty(\mathbb{R}, V(\mathbb{R})), PC(\overline{\mathbb{R}}, V(\mathbb{R}))}$ and ${\Lambda_\gamma(\mathbb{R}, V_d(\mathbb{R}))}$ on the weighted Lebesgue spaces ${L^p(\mathbb{R},w)}$ , with 1?< p <? ?? and ${w\in A_p(\mathbb{R})}$ . The Banach algebras ${L^\infty(\mathbb{R}, V(\mathbb{R}))}$ and ${PC(\overline{\mathbb{R}}, V(\mathbb{R}))}$ consist, respectively, of all bounded measurable or piecewise continuous ${V(\mathbb{R})}$ -valued functions on ${\mathbb{R}}$ where ${V(\mathbb{R})}$ is the Banach algebra of all functions on ${\mathbb{R}}$ of bounded total variation, and the Banach algebra ${\Lambda_\gamma(\mathbb{R}, V_d(\mathbb{R}))}$ consists of all Lipschitz ${V_d(\mathbb{R})}$ -valued functions of exponent ${\gamma \in (0,1]}$ on ${\mathbb{R}}$ where ${V_d(\mathbb{R})}$ is the Banach algebra of all functions on ${\mathbb{R}}$ of bounded variation on dyadic shells. Finally, for the Banach algebra ${\mathfrak{A}_{p,w}}$ generated by all pseudodifferential operators a(x, D) with symbols ${a(x, \lambda) \in PC(\overline{\mathbb{R}}, V(\mathbb{R}))}$ on the space ${L^p(\mathbb{R}, w)}$ , we construct a non-commutative Fredholm symbol calculus and give a Fredholm criterion for the operators ${A \in \mathfrak{A}_{p,w}}$ .     

Isomorphic chain complexes of Hamiltonian dynamics on tori

In this work, for a given smooth, generic Hamiltonian ${H : \mathbb{S}^{1} \times \mathbb{T}^{2n} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}}$ on the torus ${\mathbb{T}^{2n} = \mathbb{R}^{2n}/\mathbb{Z}^{2n}}$ we construct a chain isomorphism ${\Phi_{*} : (C_{*}(H), \partial^{M}_{*}) \rightarrow (C_{*}(H), \partial^{F}_{*})}$ between the Morse complex of the Hamiltonian action AH on the free loop space of the torus ${\Lambda_{0}(\mathbb{T}^{2n})}$ and the Floer complex. Though both complexes are generated by the critical points of A _H , their boundary operators differ. Therefore, the construction of ${\Phi}$ is based on counting the moduli spaces of hybrid-type solutions which involves stating a new non-Lagrangian boundary value problem for Cauchy–Riemann type operators not yet studied in Floer theory. We finally want to note that the problem is completely symmetric. So we also could construct an isomorphism ${\Psi_{*} : (C_{*}(H), \partial^{F}_{*}) \rightarrow (C_{*}(H), \partial^{M}_{*})}$ .