金银合金纳米粒子表面处理及其表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用水合肼还原的方法制备了金银比例为1∶1的金银合金纳米粒子, 紫外可见吸收光谱显示合成的溶胶只有一个介于金和银之间的吸收峰, 证明了合金结构的形成. 通过氨基耦联方法将合金纳米粒子组装到硅片表面, 利用氯金酸与合金中银的反应对基底上合金纳米粒子表面进行了改性处理. 以吡啶为探针分子, 研究了表面处理前后基底的SERS效应的差别, 结果表明随着浸泡时间延长, 信号强度先逐渐增强后降低至不变, 这与合金纳米粒子表面结构的变化有关, 氯金酸与表面银的反应经历了两个过程, 即粒子表面形成小的孔洞(去合金过程)和AgCl(s)在粒子表面的沉积, 前者有利于SERS效应的提高, 而后者导致SERS效应快速衰减.     

金纳米粒子组装体系中偶联单分子层膜结构的SERS光谱表征与分析

通过分子自组装方法制备4,4′-二硫联吡啶(PySSPy)单分子膜修饰的金电极. 利用所形成的对巯基吡啶自组装单分子膜(SAMs)作为偶联层进行金纳米粒子有序膜的组装. 对该纳米粒子组装体系进行Raman光谱测定, 得到了具有良好信噪比的对巯基吡啶单分子膜的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱. 在此基础上, 进一步采用电化学现场SERS光谱技术研究了该纳米粒子组装体系的SERS光谱随电位变化的规律. 在该体系稳定的电位范围内表征对巯基吡啶单分子膜的特征谱峰1011与1093 cm^-1、1575与1610 cm^-1以及1206与1215 cm^-1这三对谱峰其强度随着所施加电位的改变呈现出明显的规律性. 分析表明, 偶联单分子层中吡啶环芳香性随着所施加电位的改变而有规律地变化是SERS光谱特征改变的内在原因.     

银纳米粒子簇的设计、 制备和表面增强拉曼光谱

通过匹配激光光斑直径与胶体微球的尺寸, 设计制备了银纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底, 并将其用于研究单个银纳米粒子簇的表面增强拉曼光谱. 在制备纳米粒子的过程中, 考察了等离子体刻蚀时间与银沉积厚度对“单”银纳米粒子结构与形貌的影响. 将吡啶、 巯基苯和罗丹明R6G作为SERS探针分子, 研究了其SERS效应, 通过荧光共振能量转移(FRET)机理, 实现了染料分子在单银纳米粒子簇上的SERS效应. SERS光谱测试与相关计算结果表明, 单个银纳米粒子簇的拉曼增强因子能够达到约10⁶.     

利用去湿现象制备具有SERS活性的银纳米粒子图案

构建了具有表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性的二维有序环状与盘状的银纳米粒子结构, 利用CTAB包覆银纳米粒子的氯仿溶液直接在图案化的金基底上进行去湿, 当改变银纳米粒子的浓度时可以得到不同的图案. 利用原子力显微镜(AFM)对其结构进行了表征, 以4-巯基吡啶作为探针分子, 采用表面增强拉曼成像技术研究了这种基底的SERS活性, 这将为SERS的研究开拓新的领域.     

基于Kretschmann结构的金银合金薄膜的SERS效应

利用Kretschmann棱镜耦合结构和532 nm激光光源,测试了金银合金薄膜的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应,并与纯金薄膜的测试结果进行了比较.结果显示,在激发光为p偏振态且入射角近似等于表面等离子体共振(SPR)角时,附着于金银合金薄膜表面的Nile Blue分子的SERS信号达到最强,比利用纯金薄膜测得的SERS信号高约2倍.实验结果还表明,在金银合金薄膜表面自组装金纳米粒子后,Nile Blue吸附层的SERS信号比自组装纳米金之前测得的信号增强了至少3倍,比利用纳米金修饰的纯金薄膜测得的信号高出2倍多.在棱镜底面沿薄膜法线收集的SERS信号是完全非偏振光,而从棱镜侧面收集的SERS信号是p偏振光,是拉曼光借助SPR效应产生的定向发射.     

帽状铜纳米粒子的制备及表面增强拉曼散射活性研究

采用真空热蒸发法在SiO₂纳米粒子自组装单层膜上沉积铜薄膜制备了帽状铜纳米粒子。用扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计对帽状复合纳米粒子的表面形貌和光学性质进行了表征。以亚甲基蓝和吡啶-(2-偶氮-4)间苯二酚为探针分子,研究了该复合纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性。通过比较吸附在不同基底上的吡啶-(2-偶氮-4)间苯二酚的谱峰强度,探讨了SERS效应与表面等离子体共振(SPR)的关系。     

金纳米粒子的二步电解合成及表面增强拉曼散射活性研究

在超声条件下采用二步电解方法在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵/丙酮/水三组分体系中合成金纳米粒子. 首先采用恒电流或电位的阶跃方法, 使体系中生成较小的金纳米粒子并作为晶种; 接着采用电位双阶跃方法, 使金纳米粒子在原来基础上继续生长, 控制电解电量可获得不同大小的金纳米粒子. 通过静电作用在洁净的单晶硅片表面组装金纳米粒子, 获得具有不同形貌的硅片, 并以此作为表面增强拉曼散射基底, 以吡啶为探针分子, 研究了不同基底的表面增强拉曼散射活性, 结果表明吡啶谱峰强弱与纳米粒子在硅片表面的排列形貌有关.     

Au-Ag合金纳米粒子制备及其表面增强拉曼光谱研究

首先采用柠檬酸钠法制得Au-Ag合金纳米种子, 然后采用盐酸羟胺生长法得到不同组成的Au-Ag合金纳米粒子. 在其UV-Vis光谱中只观察到一个位于单金属银和金之间的等离子体共振峰, 表明Au-Ag合金纳米粒子已经形成. TEM结果表明, 合金纳米粒子的粒径约为60 nm, 且颜色均一, 没有明显的核壳结构. 用苯硫酚(TP)作为探针分子研究了合金纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS). 结果表明, SERS强度与合金纳米粒子的组成和尺寸有关. 当纳米粒子粒径一定时, 除Au25Ag75外, 随着金的增加SERS强度增强. Au25Ag75的粒径比Ag小, 导致SERS强度比Ag低. Au50Ag50和Au75Ag25加入TP分子后, 其聚集方式与Au相似, 等离子体共振峰逐渐靠近1064 nm, 金含量较高时, TP的SERS归于聚集体的等离子体共振增强的贡献.     

Au-Ag三角纳米环单层膜的原位转化制备及 SERS效应

利用模板牺牲氧化还原反应将自组装在基片上的三角板银纳米粒子(边长约为79.2 nm)与氯金酸溶液作用进而原位转化形成三角纳米环. 通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱实时监测基片上银三角板纳米粒子在反应不同阶段的消光特性; 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示了银三角板纳米粒子转化过程的形貌变化; 利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其成分进行分析. 表征结果表明, 三角纳米环的成分为Au-Ag合金或复合物; 随着基片与氯金酸溶液作用时间的增加, 自组装膜的表面等离子体共振峰逐渐红移; Au-Ag三角环状纳米粒子的平均壁厚度从29.3 nm缩小至16.2 nm. 以4-巯基苯胺(4-ATP)为探针分子研究了该Au-Ag三角环状纳米粒子单层膜的表面增强拉曼(SERS)活性. 自组装单层膜基底的SERS信号随着Au-Ag三角纳米环平均壁厚度的增加逐渐增强.     

复合SERS基底的构建及性质

通过自组装方法以对巯基苯胺(PATP)为偶联分子, 在石英基片上构筑了多种形貌的银钠米粒子单层结构和三明治结构. 研究了组装膜在不同激发线下表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)的增强差异. 研究结果表明, 单层基底和三明治基底中偶联分子的SERS信号因银纳米粒子间的电磁场耦合而显著增强, 且在三明治结构中增强更加明显. 对复合SERS基底增强因子进行计算可知, 复合SERS基底的表面等离子体共振(SPR)峰与激发线的匹配程度越好, 其增强因子越大. 在三明治结构中更易发生PATP分子转变为对巯基偶氮苯(DMAB)分子的激光诱导催化偶联反应. 另外, 该激光诱导催化偶联反应与激发波长密切相关.     

Raman scattering of 4-aminobenzenethiol sandwiched between Ag nanoparticle and macroscopically smooth Au substrate: effects of size of Ag nanoparticles and the excitation wavelength

A nanogap formed by a metal nanoparticle and a flat metal substrate is one kind of "hot site" for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Accordingly, although no Raman signal is observable when 4-aminobenzenethiol (4-ABT), for instance, is self-assembled on a flat Au substrate, a distinct spectrum is obtained when Ag or Au nanoparticles are adsorbed on the pendent amine groups of 4-ABT. This is definitely due to the electromagnetic coupling between the localized surface plasmon of Ag or Au nanoparticle with the surface plasmon polariton of the planar Au substrate, allowing an intense electric field to be induced in the gap even by visible light. To appreciate the Raman scattering enhancement and also to seek the optimal condition for SERS at the nanogap, we have thoroughly examined the size effect of Ag nanoparticles, along with the excitation wavelength dependence, by assembling 4-ABT between planar Au and a variable-size Ag nanoparticle (from 20- to 80-nm in diameter). Regarding the size dependence, a higher Raman signal was observed when larger Ag nanoparticles were attached onto 4-ABT, irrespective of the excitation wavelength. Regarding the excitation wavelength, the highest Raman signal was measured at 568 nm excitation, slightly larger than that at 632.8 nm excitation. The Raman signal measured at 514.5 and 488 nm excitation was an order of magnitude weaker than that at 568 nm excitation, in agreement with the finite-difference time domain simulation. It is noteworthy that placing an Au nanoparticle on 4-ABT, instead of an Ag nanoparticle, the enhancement at the 568 nm excitation was several tens of times weaker than that at the 632.8 nm excitation, suggesting the importance of the localized surface plasmon resonance of the Ag nanoparticles for an effective coupling with the surface plasmon polariton of the planar Au substrate to induce a very intense electric field at the nanogap.     

Synthesis, characterization and SERS activity of Au-Ag nanorods

The formation mechanism and morphology of Au-Ag bimetallic colloidal nanoparticles depend on the composition. Ag coated Au colloidal nanoparticles have been prepared by deposition of Ag through chemical reduction on performed Au colloid. The composition of the Au(100-x)-Ag(x) particles was varied from x=0 to 50. The obtained colloids were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Au(80)-Ag(20) colloid consists of alloy nanorods with dimension of 25nmx100nm. The activity of these nanorods in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was checked by using sodium salicylate as an adsorbate probe. Intense SERS bands are observed indicating its usefulness as a SERS substrate in near infrared (NIR) laser excitation.     

Raman scattering of 4-aminobenzenethiol sandwiched between Ag/Au nanoparticle and macroscopically smooth Au substrate

Raman scattering measurements were conducted for a 4-aminobenzenethiol (4-ABT) monolayer assembled on a macroscopically smooth Au substrate. Although no peak was detected at the beginning, Raman peaks were distinctly observed by attaching Ag or Au nanoparticles onto the 4-ABT monolayer (Ag(Au)@4-ABT/Au(flat)). Considering the fact that no Raman signal is observed when Ag (Au) nanoparticles are adsorbed on a (4-aminophenyl)silane monolayer assembled on a silicon wafer, the Raman spectrum observed for Ag(Au)@4-ABT/Au(flat) must be a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum, derived from the electromagnetic coupling of the localized surface plasmon of Ag (Au) nanoparticles with the surface plasmon polariton of the underneath Au metal. The electromagnetic coupling responsible for SERS appeared to be governed more by the bulk Au substrate than the sparsely distributed Ag or Au nanoparticles. The chemical enhancement appeared on the other hand to be derived more from the formation of Au-S bonds than any charge-transfer interaction between the protonated amine group and the Au or Ag nanoparticles. The enhancement factors derived from the attachment of a single Ag or Au nanoparticle onto 4-ABT on Au were estimated to be as large as 8.3 x 10(5) and 5.0 x 10(5), respectively, (for the ring 3 band (b(2)) near 1390 cm(-1)) in which a factor of approximately 10(2) was presumed to be due to the chemical effect, with the remaining contributed by the electromagnetic effect.     

Synthesis of AgcoreAushell bimetallic nanoparticles for immunoassay based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Layered core-shell bimetallic silver-gold nanoparticles were prepared by coating Au layers over Ag seeds by a seed-growth method. The composition of Ag100-xAux particles can vary from x=0 to 30. TEM and SEM images clearly show that the bimetallic nanoparticles are of core-shell structure with some pinholes on the surface. Strong surface-enhanced Raman (SER) signals of thiophenol and p-aminothiophenol have been obtained with these colloids. It was found that the SERS activity of aggregated colloids critically depends on the molar ratio of Ag to Au. With the increase of the Au molar fraction, the SERS activity enhances first and then weakens, with the maximal intensity being 10 times stronger than that of Ag colloids. The AgcoreAushell nanoparticles were then labeled with monoclonal antibodies and SERS probes and used for immunoassay analysis. In the proposed system, antibodies immobilized on a solid substrate can interact with the corresponding antigens to form a composite substrate, which can capture reporter-labeled AgcoreAushell nanoparticles modified with the same antibodies. The immunoreaction between the antibodies and antigens was demonstrated by the detection of characteristic Raman bands of the probe molecules. AgcoreAushell bimetallic nanoparticles, as a new SERS active and biocompatible substrate, will be expected to improve the detection sensitivity of immunoassay.     

磁性Fe_2O_3/Au/Ag复合纳米粒子的制备及其富集作用研究

利用种子生长法制备了磁性Fe2O3/Au/Ag复合纳米粒子,采用UV-vis和SEM对其光学性质以及表面结构的变化进行了表征.通过调节硝酸银的用量,制备了一系列具有不同Ag壳层厚度和表面结构的双金属外壳纳米粒子.以苯硫酚(TP)为探针分子,研究了不同Ag壳厚度的磁性纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性.结果表明其SERS活性与表面结构的改变有关,在同时出现Ag和Au光学性质的Fe2O3/Au/Ag复合纳米粒子表面可观察到最强的SERS效应,这与表面的针孔效应以及Ag和Au之间的耦合增强作用有关.考察了Fe2O3/Au/Ag复合纳米粒子的磁富集作用,并利用SERS原位监测磁富集溶液中低浓度TP的能力,研究结果表明通过磁富集可提高SERS检测限,并且Fe2O3/Au/Ag的磁富集能力较Fe2O3/Au弱,但前者SERS信号较强.     

Au/Ag核-壳结构纳米粒子的制备及其SERS效应

随着大量有关表面增强拉曼散射 (SERS)的实验和理论研究的开展 ,金属纳米粒子作为一类重要的 SERS增强介质 ,已引起了人们浓厚的研究兴趣 [1] .而 Au和 Ag作为最常用的活性基底物质 ,更是研究的热点 [2 ,3 ] .最近 ,美国印第安那大学的 Nie等 [4 ] 在单个银纳米粒子上 ,观察到高达 1 0 14 ～ 1 0 15的SERS因子 .同时 ,他们的另外一项工作表明银纳米粒子的形状和大小对 SERS活性有很大影响 [5] .但是 ,由于 Ag溶胶制备的重复性较差 ,且粒度分布不均匀 ,通过控制银颗粒大小而调控 SERS活性是相当困难的[6] .与 Ag相比 ,Au在可见光…     

银/金纳米线阵列表面增强拉曼基底的制备及对孔雀石绿的高灵敏度检测

利用种子介导的软模板生长方法制备了金纳米线(Au NWs)阵列, 通过调节生长温度控制Au NWs阵列的形貌, 最后在经硼氢化钠(NaBH₄)清洗过的Au NWs阵列上化学沉积银纳米颗粒(Ag NPs), 制得银/金纳米线(Ag/Au NWs)阵列作为表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底. 选用罗丹明6G(R6G)作为拉曼探针分子测定了Ag/Au NWs阵列的SERS性能. 结果表明, Ag/Au NWs阵列作为SERS基底具有高灵敏度、 优异的信号均匀性和良好的稳定性. 使用Ag/Au NWs阵列对孔雀石绿(MG)检测的检出限可低至1×10^-8 mol/L, 线性范围为 1×10^-8~1×10^-4 mol/L. NaBH₄可以在不影响SERS性能的情况下去除Ag/Au NWs阵列上吸附的分子, 使得 SERS基底可以重复使用. 使用Ag/Au NWs阵列对湖水中的MG进行检测, 得到了可靠的回收率, 证明Ag/Au NWs 阵列在检测环境水体中的孔雀石绿上具有应用潜力.     

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of single- and few-layer graphene by the deposition of gold nanoparticles

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of graphene on a SiO(2)(300 nm)/Si substrate was investigated by depositing Au nanoparticles using thermal evaporation. This provided a maximum enhancement of 120 times for single-layer graphene at 633 nm excitation. SERS spectra and scan images of single-layer and few-layer graphene were acquired. Single-layer graphene provides much larger SERS enhancement compared to few-layer graphene, while in single-layer graphene the enhancement of the G band was larger than that of the 2D band. Furthermore, the D bands were identified in the SERS spectra; these bands were not observed in a normal Raman spectrum without Au deposition. Appearance of the D band is ascribed to the considerable SERS enhancement and not to an Au deposition-induced defect. Lastly, SERS enhancement of graphene on a transparent glass substrate was compared with that on the SiO(2)(300 nm)/Si substrate to exclude enhancement by multiple reflections between the Si substrate and deposited Au nanoparticles. The contribution of multiple reflections to total enhancement on the SiO(2)(300 nm)/Si substrate was 1.6 times out of average SERS enhancement factor, 71 times.     

铁氧化物/金磁性核壳纳米粒子的制备及其富集与SERS研究

本文用种子生长法制备铁氧化物/金磁性核壳纳米粒子, 并利用SERS对其磁场靶向性进行了检测.