小波变换轮廓术中用小波脊系数幅值引导相位展开的研究

为了减少小波变换轮廓术中相位展开过程的误差传递,从小波变换的相关实质出发,提出了在小波变换轮廓术中利用以前被忽略的小波脊系数幅值作为可靠度判据指导相位展开的方法.该方法选择最大幅值的小波脊系数所在位置作为相位展开起始点,根据小波脊系数幅值的大小,确定一条由大幅值到小幅值的最优化的展开路径,最大限度减少了相位展开过程中的误差传递.由于充分利用了小波变换系数的幅值信息,最大限度减小了相位展开过程中的误差传递.计算机模拟和实验验证了基于小波脊系数幅值的相位展开方法的正确性.     

Phase shift monitoring of delay-line interferometer and its application in phase-shift keying signal system

The relation between the phase shift and the mean optical power(MOP) output from a delay-line interferometer (DLI) port applied for phase-shift keying(PSK) signal demodulation is proven of a cosine law irrelevant to signal modulation condition.The variation amplitude of the MOP is proportional to the transition duration of the modulation pulses.This phenomenon is interpreted as the result of the statistical and waveform characteristics of the PSK.The conclusions verified by simulation and experiment are generalized to other modulation formats and then applied to phase detuning monitoring,delay time judgment of DLI,and independence of modulation data assessment.     

基于载频条纹相位分析的畸变测量和校正

为了对图像畸变进行测量和校正,利用纵向朗奇(Ronchi)载频条纹作为测量模板,通过成像系统获取畸变光栅条纹.运用傅里叶变换对畸变条纹图像进行频谱分析、滤波提取基频信息,直接从畸变图像的中心无畸变区域提取理想条纹像信息.通过相位分析提取包裹相位并解包,获得畸变光栅条纹的径向畸变相位分布规律.将该分布规律转化为径向位置畸变分布规律,并结合双线性插值灰度重建对畸变图像进行校正.实验结果证明该方法是有效的.     

A novel 3D measuring method for discontinuous object by non-integral twin-frequency grating

A new 3D shape measurement method based on non-integral twin-frequency grating projection is proposed. In this paper, the projected composite grating is composed of two sinusoidal gratings, and the quotient of whose frequencies is not an integer. By using appropriate phase-shifting algorithms, two wrapped phases can be obtained from sixteen frames of the distorted grating patterns. In aid of appropriate phase unwrapping method, the unwrapped phase of high frequency fringe is obtained only from the relation of the two wrapped phases by a pixel-to-pixel phase unwrapping technique. Therefore the unwrapped phase of high frequency fringe pattern is independent of the low frequency fringe pattern, different from traditional integral twin-frequency grating projection methods in which the phase unwrapping error of low frequency fringe pattern may be propagated onto the unwrapped phase of high frequency fringe pattern. The new theory proves that the proposed method is applicable to measure discontinuous object, and has considerable measurement accuracy.     

基于光纤色散相位补偿的高分辨率激光频率扫描干涉测量研究

为了实现更高分辨率的激光频率扫描干涉测量, 增大光源的扫频范围以及减小扫描频率的非线性成为关键. 采用外腔式大带宽扫频光源结合光纤辅助干涉仪构建的外部时钟频率采样非线性校正是目前较为常用的方法. 本研究发现随着扫频带宽和测量范围的增加, 光纤辅助干涉仪与测量光路中存在的色散失配导致频谱出现严重展宽, 极大的降低了测量的分辨率. 本文建立了辅助干涉仪和测量干涉仪色散失配影响的理论模型, 利用该模型分析了扫频带宽和测量范围与测量分辨率的变化关系, 与实验结果相一致, 并进而提出了基于峰值演化消畸变的色散相位补偿方法, 有效地提高了测量的分辨率, 在2.53 m 处实现了接近理论值的64.5 μm的测量分辨率. 该色散失配模型及补偿方法为提高大尺寸激光频率扫描干涉仪的测量分辨率及测距范围提供了参考.     

Fast phase unwrapping algorithm for interferometric applications

A wide range of interferometric techniques recover phase information that is mathematically wrapped on the interval (-pi, pi). Obtaining the true unwrapped phase is a longstanding problem. We present an algorithm that solves the phase unwrapping problem, using a combination of Fourier techniques. The execution time for our algorithm is equivalent to the computation time required for performing eight fast Fourier transforms and is stable against noise and residues present in the wrapped phase. We have extended the algorithm to handle data of arbitrary size. We expect the state of the art of existing interferometric applications, including the possibility for real-time phase recovery, to benefit from our algorithm.     

Surface normal guided method for two-dimensional phase unwrapping

A novel phase unwraping method has been presented and evaluated in this paper. This method works by first constructing a quality map based on the characteristic of the active triangulation system from the wrapped phase data. The quality map is then used to guide the unwrapping. In order to reduce the execution time of phase unwrapping, we tessellate the whole wrapped phase map into blocks. Blocks with higher confidence will be unwrapped first. Experiment shows that this method can unwrap the wrapped phase map derived from the digital moiré system successfully. In data integration stage, only data with higher confidence will be reserved and used to merge together to form a complete 3D model.     

Surface normal guided method for two-dimensional phase unwrapping

A novel phase unwraping method has been presented and evaluated in this paper. This method works by first constructing a quality map based on the characteristic of the active triangulation system from the wrapped phase data. The quality map is then used to guide the unwrapping. In order to reduce the execution time of phase unwrapping, we tessellate the whole wrapped phase map into blocks. Blocks with higher confidence will be unwrapped first. Experiment shows that this method can unwrap the wrapped phase map derived from the digital moiré system successfully. In data integration stage, only data with higher confidence will be reserved and used to merge together to form a complete 3D model.     

Application of the holographic carrier fringe and FFT technique for deformation measurement

This paper describes a holographic system based on the use of fibre optics and automatic spatial carrier fringe pattern analysis. Carrier fringes are generated by simply translating the object beam between two exposures. Single-mode optical fibres are used to transfer both the object and reference beams. The fast Fourier transform method is used to process the interferograms: it extracts phase from fringe patterns resulting from the interference of tilted wavefronts. The method is illustrated by measuring the deformation of an arbitrarily clamped, uniformly loaded circular plate. The results are given for the perspective plot of the out-of-plane deformation field, the maps of wrapped and unwrapped phase, and a contour map of the unwrapped phase.     

基于图切割的相位展开

剪切散斑干涉术中,普遍采取相移法提取相位,只可得到被包裹的相位信息,进一步量化计算之前,必须展开相位,但是大量的散斑噪音使相位展开变得非常困难.本文提出基于图切割理论的相位展开算法,将相位展开等价于整数的最优估计问题,通过最小化能量函数展开相位,无需对散斑包裹相位图进行滤波,就可以从包含大量散斑噪音的包裹相位图中准确地提取出真实相位,极大程度地保留了相位包裹图中的细节信息.对于同一幅模拟的散斑包裹相位图,传统的质量导向枝切法和最小二乘法的均方根误差分别为11.7076和4.9775,新算法的均方根误差则为0.9459,数值模拟与实验结果均验证了新算法优良的抗噪性能.     

基于图切割的相位展开

剪切散斑干涉术中,普遍采取相移法提取相位,只可得到被包裹的相位信息,进一步量化计算之前,必须展开相位,但是大量的散斑噪音使相位展开变得非常困难.本文提出基于图切割理论的相位展开算法,将相位展开等价于整数的最优估计问题,通过最小化能量函数展开相位,无需对散斑包裹相位图进行滤波,就可以从包含大量散斑噪音的包裹相位图中准确地提取出真实相位,极大程度地保留了相位包裹图中的细节信息.对于同一幅模拟的散斑包裹相位图,传统的质量导向枝切法和最小二乘法的均方根误差分别为11.707 6和4.977 5,新算法的均方根误差则为0.945 9,数值模拟与实验结果均验证了新算法优良的抗噪性能.     

Realization of Absolute‐Phase Unwrapping and Speckle Suppression in Laser Digital Holography

In this paper, an absolute‐phase unwrapping and speckle suppression approach to reconstruct a three‐dimensional (3‐D) image of an object with laser digital holography is described. This method offers three advantages to enhance the performance of the phase reconstruction technique. First, both speckle suppression and phase unwrapping are processed in the complex amplitude domain rather than in the single phase or amplitude domain. With this approach, the phase details of the object are better preserved upon phase reconstruction. Second, the proposed algorithm requires no threshold determination and thus achieves self‐adaptive speckle suppression and robust phase unwrapping, in contrast to other methods. Finally, an improved dual‐domain image denoising method is applied to further remove speckle‐remnant‐induced phase distortion. Ideal 3‐D phase reconstruction results are obtained both theoretically and experimentally for the first time.     

Optical coherence pulsed interferometry: shaping probe pulses in time-domain interferometry

The autocorrelation of a modulated coherent light source is used as a probe pulse in a time-domain interferometry scheme. With respect to conventional techniques, higher flexibility in selecting the shape of the probe pulse can be achieved by simply acting on the modulation parameters. The complex amplitude of short pulses propagating through a generic optical device can be directly measured, with no need for fast sampling and time synchronization. The potentialities of the technique are shown by reporting measurements of amplitude distortion, group delay, and frequency chirp of optical pulses transmitted through integrated ring resonators.     

Comprehensive research on self phase modulation based optical delay systems

This paper comprehensively investigates the properties of self phase modulation based optical delay systems consisting of dispersion compensation fibre and highly nonlinear fibres.It researches into the impacts of power level launched into highly nonlinear fibres,conversion wavelength,dispersion slope,modulation format and optical filter bandwidth on the overall performance of optical delay systems.The results reveal that,if the power launched into highly nonlinear fibres is fixed,the time delay generally varies linearly with the conversion wavelength,but jumps intermittently at some conversion wavelengths.However,the time delay varies semi-periodically with the power launched into highly nonlinear fibres.The dispersion slope of highly nonlinear fibres has significant influence on the time delay,especially for the negative dispersion slope.The time delay differs with modulation formats due to the different combined interaction of nonlinearity and dispersion in fibres.The bandwidth of the optical filters also greatly affects the time delay because it determines the bandwidth of the passed signal in the self phase modulation based time delay systems.The output signal quality of the overall time delay systems depends on the conversion wavelength and input power level.The optimisation of the power level and conversion wavelength to provide the best output signal quality is made at the end of this paper.     

浅海多径时延估计的功率谱加权自相关方法

针对浅海近距离时倒谱多径时延峰变弱难以提取的问题,提出了一种功率谱加权自相关多径时延估计方法。该方法采用FFT估计信号功率谱,对功率谱取1-α次幂(0<α<1),再进行IFFT变换,对其实部进行峰值检测获得多径时延估计。根据目标能量通过特性在正横前递增正横后递减的特点,在已检测时延前后一定区间内搜索下一个时延值,实现多径时延的自动提取.理论分析表明,多径时延估计的倒谱法与自相关法都可以看作功率谱加权自相关法的特例.海试数据处理与基于Bellhop射线模型的仿真计算表明,该方法在近距离时多径时延峰比倒谱法更清晰,输出信噪比提高了3~4 dB.采用该方法自动提取的海底反射多径时延用于单个水听器对目标距离的估计,与GPS测量距离基本相符,验证了方法的有效性.      

Delay dependence for the origin of the nonlinear derived transient evoked otoacoustic emission

In the guinea pig it has been shown that the nonlinear derived transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAEnl) is comprised of significant amounts of intermodulation distortion energy. It is expected that intermodulation distortion arising from a nonlinear distortion mechanism will contribute to the overall TEOAE in a stimulus-level-dependent manner, being greatest when basilar-membrane vibration in response to a click stimulus is greatest; with decay of vibration of the basilar membrane subsequent to stimulation by a click, nonlinear interaction along the cochlear partition should reduce and so provide for a linear mechanism to dominate TEOAEnl generation, i.e., the contributions of each of these mechanisms should be delay dependent. To examine this delay dependence, TEOAEnl evoked by acoustic clicks of varying bandwidth were time-domain windowed using a recursive exponential filter in an attempt to separate two components with amplitude and phase properties consistent with different mechanisms of OAE generation. It was found that the part of the TEOAEnl occurring first in time can have a relatively constant amplitude and shallow phase slope, consistent with a nonlinear distortion mechanism. The latter part of the TEOAEnl has an amplitude microstructure and a phase response more consistent with a place-fixed mechanism.     

基于色散补偿光纤的高速光纤光栅解调方法

本文提出并论证了一种光纤光栅高速解调的新方法, 利用色散补偿光纤的色散效应, 将光纤光栅的波长漂移信息转换成时域信息. 采用脉冲激光器作为光源, 仅需一个光脉冲可获取单根光纤上所有光纤光栅的反射光脉冲, 再根据各个光栅反射回光脉冲的延时变化即可实现波长的解调. 本方法可用于准分布光纤光栅传感网络解调, 系统采用全光纤结构, 无需波长扫描, 大大提高了解调速度. 本文搭建了测试系统进行实验验证, 对3个光纤光栅组成的准分布式传感网络进行了解调, 实验结果表明, 解调出的光纤光栅布喇格波长线性度好, 解调速度最高可达1 MHz, 采样数据取10次平均后解调线性度可达0.9969, 解调误差约为27.8 pm.     

基于DCT算法的种子点相位解包算法

移相干涉术由于其高精度被广泛应用在光学元件的面形测量上,而由移相算法得到的相位数据被包裹在[-π,π]之间。基于区域生长理论的相位解包算法(种子点法)可以高精度地实现连贯区域的相位解包,基于离散余弦变换的最小二乘解包(DCT)算法可以实现矩形区域的相位解包,而实际测量中,经常会碰到被测件的有效区域为非矩形的分离区域。因此,在分析前两种算法优缺点的基础上,提出了基于DCT算法的种子点相位解包算法。首先运用DCT算法对整个包裹相位进行解包,然后运用种子点法分别解包各分离区域,再通过DCT算法求得的种子点干涉级次实现各分离区域解包相位的统一。实验结果表明,该方法克服了种子点法和DCT算法的缺点,可以准确、快速地实现分离区域干涉图包裹相位的解包,且比这两种算法具有更好的稳定性和更高的精度。     

Weighted least-squares phase unwrapping algorithm based on derivative variance correlation map

Among different phase unwrapping approaches, the weighted least-squares minimization methods are gaining attention. In these algorithms, weighting coefficient is generated from a quality map. The intrinsic drawbacks of existing quality maps constrain the application of these algorithms. They often fail to handle wrapped phase data contains error sources, such as phase discontinuities, noise and undersampling. In order to deal with those intractable wrapped phase data, a new weighted least-squares phase unwrapping algorithm based on derivative variance correlation map is proposed. In the algorithm, derivative variance correlation map, a novel quality map, can truly reflect wrapped phase quality, ensuring a more reliable unwrapped result. The definition of the derivative variance correlation map and the principle of the proposed algorithm are present in detail. The performance of the new algorithm has been tested by use of a simulated spherical surface wrapped data and an experimental interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) wrapped data. Computer simulation and experimental results have verified that the proposed algorithm can work effectively even when a wrapped phase map contains intractable error sources.     

基于频域相位共轭技术的交叉相位调制所致失真的复原

理论分析和讨论了基于频域相位共轭技术的交叉相位调制所致信号失真的复原和补偿机理，数值模拟了在交叉相位调制作用下，高斯脉冲在中距相位共轭光纤系统中的传输演化过程.结果表明，频域相位共轭技术能够抑制交叉相位调制对光纤系统中传输信号的损害，复原其所导致的信号失真，并能够同步补偿群速度色散和自相位调制非线性效应所导致的信号失真.合适的初始脉冲时延和初始脉冲啁啾有利于频域相位共轭技术对交叉相位调制所致信号失真的抑制. 关键词： 频域相位共轭 交叉相位调制 色散 自相位调制