Separation of no-carrier-added 109Cd from natural silver target using RTIL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate

The room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C₄mim][PF₆] has various applications in the separation of a range of metal ions replacing volatile and toxic traditional organic solvents in liquid–liquid extraction systems. In this study, the RTIL [C₄mim][PF₆] was used to separate no-carrier-added (NCA) ¹⁰⁹Cd from α-particle irradiated Ag target. A natural Ag foil was bombarded by 30 MeV α-particles to produce ¹⁰⁹Cd. After the decay of all co-produced short-lived products, NCA ¹⁰⁹Cd was separated from the bulk Ag using [C₄mim][PF₆] as extractant from HNO₃ medium. Ammoniumpyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) was used as a complexing agent. At the optimum condition, 3 M HNO₃, 0.01 M APDC in presence of [C₄mim][PF₆], ~99 % bulk Ag was extracted to the IL phase, leaving NCA ¹⁰⁹Cd in the aqueous phase. The amount of Ag became negligibly small after re-extraction in the same condition. The ionic liquid was recovered by washing it with 1 M HCl.     

Separation of 103Pd from Rh and Ag by the macroporous AG MP-1 anion exchange resin in Ag targets

A radiochemical process is reported for the production of ¹⁰³Pd from Ag targets for use in brachytherapy. The procedure, which is based on anion exchange chromatography, separates Pd from a large amount of target material (16 g Ag), as well as Rh radioisotopes (mainly ¹⁰¹Rh and ¹⁰⁰Rh), which are produced from decays of their Pd parents. The AG MP-1 anion exchange resin was used for the process. For elution of Rh and Ag, 3M nitric acid solution was used and 5% ammonia solution was used to elute the Pd. The average recovery of Pd was 97.4%. An elution curve for Pd was set up and a panel for the radiochemistry designed and installed in a hot cell.     

Separation of trace amounts of indium, gallium and aluminium from each other by cation-exchange chromatography on AG50-X4 resin

Traces and minor amounts of indium, gallium and aluminium can be separated from gram amounts of thallium and from each other by cation-exchange chromatography on a column containing as little as 2 g of AG50W-X4, a cation-exchange resin with low cross-linking. An elution sequence of 0.1 M HBr in 40% acetone [for Tl(III)], 0.2M HBr in 80% acetone for In, 0.3M HCl in 90% acetone for Ga and 3M aqueous HCl for Al is used. The separations are very sharp and even 10-mug amounts of In, Ga and Al in synthetic mixtures are recovered quantitatively, with a standard deviation of 0.3 mug. The separation factors between neighbouring ions are extremely large (> 5000).     

Topological systematization of layered coordination compounds of Cu, Ag, Zn, and Cd

The topological analysis and systematization of basis lattices in 1972 coordination compounds of Cu, Ag, Cd, and Zn containing organic ligands and layered complex groups (both isolated and interlaced with each other) are carried out by the TOPOS structural topological program package. The structures considered are most frequently based on the square (sql) or hexagonal (hcb) Shubnikov lattice (38.6 and 18.7%, respectively). The increased specificity of the sql and hcb lattices is due to specific features of coordination of the lattices facilitating their mutual penetration. Two types of interlacing of the layered groups (parallel and inclined) are revealed, and the former predominates.     

Separation of iron-52 from chromium cyclotron targets on the 2% cross-linked anion-exchange resin AG1-X2 in hydrochloric acid

Iron-52 can be separated from solutions of chromium cyclotron targets by eluting chromium, copper and radioactive impurities with 9.0M hydrochloric acid from a column containing 1.0 g of AG1-X2 anion-exchange resin. Iron-52 is retained and can then be eluted with 6.0M hydrochloric acid containing 0.05M hydrogen iodide or 0.05M sodium iodide. The separations are sharp and quantitative. Less than 2 microg of chromium will remain with the iron-52, from 2.0 g originally present.     

Simultaneous production and separation of no-carrier-added 111In, 109Cd from alpha particle induced silver target

A natural silver foil was bombarded by 30 MeV α-particles which produced ¹¹¹In, ¹⁰⁹Cd and ^106mAg in the target matrix. ¹¹¹In and ¹⁰⁹Cd were separated from the Ag target matrix employing ion-exchange chromatography and liquid–liquid extraction (LLX). In the chromatographic separation, the active solution containing the NCA products were adsorbed in the column containing Dowex 50 and were eluted with HNO₃. Bulk silver and ¹⁰⁹Cd were sequentially eluted with 1 M HNO₃. After complete elution of ¹⁰⁹Cd and the bulk, ¹¹¹In was eluted with 1.5 M HNO₃. In the LLX, the NCA ¹¹¹In was extracted to 1 % HDEHP (di-2(ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid) from 10^?2 M HNO₃ solution, leaving cadmium and bulk silver quantitatively in the aqueous phase. The NCA ¹⁰⁹Cd was separated from the bulk Ag by precipitating Ag as AgCl. NCA ¹¹¹In was stripped back quantitatively from HDEHP phase using 8 M HNO₃.     

Emission spectral characteristics of Cu,Ag, Zn,and Cd neutral atoms in a glow discharge

Detailed spectra highlighting the neutral atom emission characteristics (i.e. I lines) for Cu, Zn, Ag and Cd in a glow discharge device are presented in this study. A particular focus is the presentation of spectra that document the many high excitation energy neutral atom lines that are observed in these spectra. For Cu, several spectral lines originating from levels close to the ionization potential of copper are observed including lines from the so-called autoionizing levels which are actually just above the ionization potential for copper. Generally similar results are seen for Ag, Zn and Cd, including the observation of many high excitation energy neutral atom lines of Zn originating from the upper levels on the triplet side of the energy level diagram. The spectral data point to ion–electron recombination processes followed by stepwise de-excitation and radiative decay as a key mechanism in setting the spectral character of neutral atom emission in a glow discharge device. Unambiguous identification of spectral lines for specific transitions was facilitated by the acquisition of all spectral data utilizing a UV–visible Fourier transform spectrometer. This spectrometer provided complete and continuous coverage of the spectral region from 200 to 650 nm and allowed spectral lines to be identified with an accuracy of 1–2 pm.     

P204萃取色谱法对Co~(2+)的分离研究

对萃取色谱法分离钴与铜、镉、锰、锌、铁等金属离子进行了研究。用含Ｐ２０４萃取剂的萃淋树脂,经过ｐＨ４．０的ＮａＡｃ溶液转型后,只需用ｐＨ２．５的氯乙酸－氯乙酸钠缓冲溶液作为流动相淋洗,就可将钴与其它金属离子分离。方法分离效果好,操作简单方便,是分离分析钴的一种新方法。     

A spectral study of charge transfer and Penning processes for Cu,Zn, Ag,and Cd in a glow discharge

The occurrence of charge transfer and Penning process in glow discharge atomic emission sources can have a profound effect on the specific and overall spectral emission line characteristics of analyte species in these sources. A detailed spectral illustration of several of these effects is presented in this study for Cu, Zn, Ag and Cd with a particular focus on the ionic emission characteristics (i.e. II lines) of these elements. Charge transfer and Penning processes in glow discharge devices are driven by ionic and metastable species generated from the filler gas. Comparison of spectra obtained utilizing different filler gases is particularly effective for revealing the unique and specific excitation pathways for the analyte ions. Detailed high resolution spectra are presented and compared for Cu and Zn (brass) with Ar, Ne or He filler gases and for Ag and Cd with Ar or He as the filler gas illustrating several charge transfer and Penning processes. Unambiguous identification of spectral lines for specific transitions was facilitated by the acquisition of all spectral data utilizing a UV–visible Fourier transform spectrometer. This spectrometer provided complete and continuous coverage of the spectral region from 200 to 650 nm and allowed spectral lines to be identified with an accuracy of 1–2 pm.     

Separation of gold from Cu, Pt, Pd, Ni, Zn, Cd and Hg using triphenylarsine oxide as an extractant

A method is developed for extraction of gold(III) (75–300 g) from hydrochloric acid solution with triphenylarsine oxide dissolved in toluene as extradant. Gold(III) is determined spectrophotometrically with stannous chloride. The extraction is quantitative from 1.5–1.9M hydrochloric acid with 0.25% triphenylarsine oxide and an equilibration period of 30s. The method permits separation of gold(III) from Cu(II), Pt(IV), Pd(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) and its spectrophotometric determination in ayurvedic medicines. The recovery and relative standard deviation obtained are >99.0% and <1.0%.     

Separation and determination of rare earth elements by Dowex 2-X8 resin using sodium trimetaphosphate as elution agent

The distribution coefficients of rare earth elements and thorium with Dowex 2-X8, 200-400 mesh, a strongly basic anion-exchange resin, have been determined regarding four different concentrations of sodium trimetaphosphate (3 x 10(-3), 5 x 10(-3), 7 x 10(-3) and 0.01 M). The separation of the rare earths and thorium obtained from an Australian monazite has been investigated by anion-exchange chromatography with sodium trimetaphosphate concentration gradient on a Dowex 2-X8 ion-exchange columns. The order of elution of the elements was the reverse of the order of elution of the same elements on Dowex 1 resin. The elution was investigated using 5 mg and 250 mg samples. In the separation of 5 mg samples, all elements were separated in 29 min. It has been seen that the elution peaks are narrow, tailing effects are very small, Dy and Y are well separated. Qualitative and quantitative determinations were realized by spectrofluorometry.     

Solid phase selective separation and green preconcentration of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in drinking water by using novel functionalized resin

A new solid — phase extraction sorbent was developed based on stepwise anchoring of two ligand molecules for the determination of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in drinking water by flame AAS. Amberlite XAD-2 functionalized with 4′-(2-hydroxyphenylazo)-3′-methyl-1′-phenyl-2′-pyrazolin-5′-one (HPAPyr) was utilized for preconcentration/separation of these elements. The sorbent was prepared by two successive azo coupling reactions. First, 2-aminophenol was anchored to the amino groups in the resin resulted from nitration followed by reduction. Then, the resulted 2-aminophenol functionalized resin was further diazotized and coupled to the pyrazolone compound and the final product HPAPyr-XAD-2 was characterized by IR and elemental analysis. The optimum pH range for sorption, shaking time, exchange capacity, sample flow rate, preconcentration factor and interference from co-existing ions were investigated. All metal ions were quantitatively desorbed from the resin by 4.5 mol L⁻¹ nitric acid solution. The sorbent provides limit of detection within the range 0.9–3.3 μg L⁻¹ and concentration factor up to 250. The procedure was validated by analysis of certified material NIST-SRM 1577b. Application to drinking water showed satisfactory results with relative standard deviation RSD ≤ 8.5%.      

火焰原子吸收法连续测定茶叶中铅、铜、锌、镉含量

采用火焰原子吸收方法连续测定了茶叶中铜，铜，锌，镉的含量，方法灵敏，准确。测定时无需富集，萃取，操作简便，回收率93．0％－98．1％，相对标准偏差不超过5．3％。     

一步法合成双亲的Ag，Cu，Cd和Ni纳米金属单质

本文报道利用简单的溶剂热方法，以相应的金属盐作为唯一的反应物来制备Ag，Cu，Cd，Ni等纳米结构金属。采用XRD，SEM，TEM等测试手段对产物进行了表征。实验结果表明，反应条件特别是反应时间对产物最后的化学组成起重要作用。该制备方法具有一定的普适性，而且简单实用；涉及的反应条件相对温和，获得的产物具有双亲性质，能均匀分散于大部分极性和非极性溶剂中。     

Determination of weight distribution ratios of Pa(V) and Np(V) with some extraction chromatography resins and the AG1-X8 resin

Literature data on distribution ratios (D_w) of Np(V) and Pa(V) for the AG1-X8 resin are scarce whereas those related on resin capacity factors (k′) values for TEVA, TRU and U/TEVA resins are absent. Therefore, batch extraction experiments for Pa(V) and Np(V) from HCl and HNO₃ media were realized, at tracer scale, with AG1-X8 and EIChroM resins (TEVA, TRU and U/TEVA). Based on the new D_w and k′ values obtained in this study, a new protocol for Pa/Np separation has been developed leading to a better separation factor of 10⁵ and a chemical yield of 97 ± 3% and 99 ± 1% for Pa and Np, respectively. A separation of ²³¹Pa from uranium matrix was successfully tested.     

羊睾丸和梅花鹿胎盘提取液中锌铜镉的测定

利用火焰原子吸收法直接测定了羊睾丸、梅花鹿肋提取液中锌、铜和的含量，并探讨了透析法和超滤法制备提取对元素含量的影响。这一结果为合理开发羊睾丸、梅花鹿胎盘提供液提供了数据。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅锌矿尾矿渣中铜、铅、锌和镉

采用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸溶解样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了铅锌矿尾矿渣中的铜、铅、锌和镉。以铑为内标元素,选择63 Cu,66Zn,208 Pb,114 Cd作为测量同位素。铜、铅、锌的线性范围为200μg·L-1,镉的线性范围为1.0μg·L-1,检出限(3s)分别为0.04,0.10,0.03,0.003μg·g-1。测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)在0.39%~2.2%之间。用此方法分析标准物质,测定值与认定值相符。     

Selective recovery of gold from secondary sources by Dowex-50-X8 sorbed Rhodamine-B resin

Gold recovery from spent materials has been performed on modified cation-exchange resin. The modified resin was prepared by sorption of Rhodamine-B on Dowex-50-X8 (Na+) resin at pH 2.0. Distribution coefficients of gold ion have been determined with 15% (w/v) potassium chloride in different concentrations of hydrochloric acid. On the basis of Kd values quantitative separation of gold from secondary sources has been achieved. Gold(III) has been selectively separated from gold containing spent materials by column chromatography using modified ionexchange resin and the recovery was more than 92% compared to conventional cyanidation process. The results of the proposed method are suggestive of its applicability to other gold containing secondary sources.