碳结构锯齿形边缘对SO2的催化氧化机制研究

利用多孔碳实现SO2脱除和高值资源化具有耗水少、吸附剂可循环等优点,是当前重要技术方向,探究SO2在碳材料纳米空间中的吸附转化机制是该技术的理论基础。前期研究表明O2存在的条件下,碳材料中SO2会被催化氧化形成SO3,但具体的吸附催化位点和氧化路径有待进一步研究。本文采用密度泛函理论计算了SO2碳材料锯齿形不饱和碳原子处的吸附和催化氧化路径,发现:SO2和O2在不饱和碳原子处发生化学吸附。当O2在不饱和碳原子处优先吸附时,SO2会与活化的O2反应生成SO3和化学吸附态的O;当SO2在不饱和碳原子处优先吸附时,O2会在S原子附近活化,活化后的O2会与SO2反应生成气相SO3、化学吸附态SO3。本文计算结果为用于硫资源化的高性能碳材料合成提供了理论指导。     

常压辉光等离子体催化CH_4转化制C_2烃在线诊断研究

利用发射光谱原位技术对旋转电极辉光等离子体作用下CH4-H2转化反应进行诊断研究,在300~700 nm波长范围内检测到了C,CH,C2,H和H2等激发态物种的发射谱线。利用H原子发射光谱,通过Boltzmann图解法计算了等离子体的激发温度,该激发温度在6 300~6 600 K之间。同时由谱线展宽计算了电子密度,其数量级在1020m-3。     

气体NO／SO2／N2／O2等离子体反应机理及动力学分析

本文研究了在低温等离子体条件下,电子碰撞NO/SO2/N2/O2气体引发离解反应的反应机理.应用碰撞理论和波尔兹曼方程分析,对能量分布函数及反应速率常数进行数值模拟,得到离解反应速率常数与温度的曲线,分析预报各反应过程及表现.最后将速率常数拟合为Arrhenius公式的形式.     

低温等离子体协同NH_3-SCR去除柴油机NO_x研究

为研究低温等离子体协同NH_3-SCR去除柴油机NO_x的性能与相关影响因素,实验研究了单独NH_3-SCR,单独低温等离子体以及低温等离子体协同NH_3-SCR三种系统下NO_x的去除效率,并考察了反应温度、NO_2/NO比值、O_2浓度、C_3H_6浓度、放电能量密度等因素对各系统去除NO_x的影响。实验结果表明;在合适的O_2浓度下,低温等离子体可以有效将NO部分氧化为NO_2,但过多的能量密度输入会导致副产物的大量生成同时造成能量消耗过多;提高NO_2的量对于低温工况下大幅度提高SCR还原NO_x效率有重要意义,当NO_2/NO=1时,NH_3-SCR在各温度下NO_x转化效率达到最高,继续增大NO_2的比例,NO_x的转化效率又趋于下降。利用低温等离子体辅助NH_3-SCR的协同作用可以大幅度提高低温工况下NH_3-SCR的NO_x转化效率。     

加压富氧燃烧模式下SOx/NOx强耦合促进SO3形成的机理研究

加压富氧煤粉燃烧技术由于净发电效率高被认为是最有可能得到应用的燃煤CO2控制技术之一,但受燃烧压力影响,烟气中的酸性气体(SOx/NOx)分压显著提高,导致腐蚀风险加剧,而目前对该问题相关的基础研究很少。本文利用详细反应机理(72组分,428反应),基于实验数据对照,揭示了加压富氧模式下SOx/NOx强耦合促进SO3和NO2形成的协同效应。动力学机理计算结果表明:SOx/NOx的交互作用可促进SO2和NO向SO3和NO2的转化,并且该促进效应在一定的温度和加压条件下十分显著。基于反应路径和敏感性分析,本文最终发展了一个能用于准确预测加压富氧燃烧模式下SO3和NO2在后火焰区形成特性的9步骨架反应机理。     

等离子体化学气相沉积的实验与理论研究

对等离子体化学气相沉积(PCVD)过程进行了实验和理论研究,实验结果表明:实验条件和等离子体参数在PCVD过程中相互关联,等离子体参数直接影响PCVD过程,在此实验结果的基础上建立了一个二元动力学模型,假设PCVD过程是由等离子体参数决定,考虑了活性粒子与反应单体的扩散与对流.计算中使用了实际测量的电子参数.理论与实验结果基本符合. 关键词：     

强电场电离放电产生羟基等离子体反应过程的研究

从强电场等离子体反应室结构、电介质材料及加工工艺等方面出发．研究了在建立强电场并把O2、H2O电离后在分子层次上加工成OH^ 、eaq^-(水合电子)等自由基的等离子体反应过程。用这种方法产生的自由基的浓度、产成量均能满足工程上的需要．达到绿色化学12条原则要求,从源头上解决了环境污染问题。着重研究了羟基治理烟气SO2的绿色资源化的新方法．在无吸收剂、催化剂条件下,仅在0．8s内就能把烟气中SO2、H2O和O2电离后在分子层次上加工成H2SO4。     

金等离子体中Au48+-Au52+平衡分布的统计热力学研究

基于全相对论多组态Dirac Fock理论 ,采用“多功能相对论原子结构程序 (GRASP2 )” ,考虑量子电动力学 (QED)效应和Breit修正 ,涉及实验谱中Au等离子体M带的几类重要跃迁 ,计算了Au4 8 —Au52 离子的能级结构和能级简并度 .用统计热力学方法计算各离子的配分函数 ,由配分函数计算等离子体内这五种离子的电离与复合平衡常数 ,根据同时反应的平衡理论研究电离与复合达到平衡时等离子体内各离子的相对分布基于全相对论多组态Dirac Fock理论 ,采用“多功能相对论原子结构程序 (GRASP2 )” ,考虑量子电动力学 (QED)效应和Breit修正 ,涉及实验谱中Au等离子体M带的几类重要跃迁 ,计算了Au4 8 —Au52 离子的能级结构和能级简并度 .用统计热力学方法计算各离子的配分函数 ,由配分函数计算等离子体内这五种离子的电离与复合平衡常数 ,根据同时反应的平衡理论研究电离与复合达到平衡时等离子体内各离子的相对分布     

等离子体尺寸对放电极紫外光源影响

计算了放电等离子体极紫外光刻光源中,不同等离子体长度条件下的收集效率,实验上研究了等离子体长度对Xe气放电极紫外辐射的影响。结合本系统光学收集系统设计参数和理论计算结果,给出了不同等离子体长度条件下中间焦点处13.5 nm（2%带宽）光功率。结果表明等离子体长度为3~6 mm时毛细管光源中间焦点光功率和尺寸最优。     

光谱诊断冷等离子体作用下甲烷转化机理的初步研究(英文)

冷等离子体是甲烷无氧活化制C2烃较为有效的技术手段之一,由于等离子体反应体系的复杂性,甲烷无氧活化制C2烃反应机理及过程尚不十分清楚。本文采用发射光谱原位诊断技术对冷等离子体作用下甲烷无氧活化制C2烃反应中若干激发态物种进行诊断研究,在250nm～670nm波长范围内检测到下列激发态物种:CH、C和C2。依据激发态物种检测结果、气相色谱反应产物分析结果及等离子体特性,推断了等离子体作用下甲烷无氧活化制C2烃的自由基反应历程。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.