MNZ超材料的电磁特性

主要围绕磁导率接近0的MNZ超材料,通过理论分析和数值模拟方法对MNZ材料的电磁特性进行了研究。针对线源置于二维MNZ材料内部的情况,通过理论详细分析了在MNZ材料和空气交界处的阻抗匹配特性和传播常数的连续性,基于有限元数值方法模拟验证了电磁场在MNZ材料边界处的等幅同相特性,从而实现了均匀平面波的传播特性。同时,考虑到将线源置于空气中有助于辐射出电磁能量,通过数值模拟分析了电磁波由空气入射到MNZ材料的电磁特性,发现在特定极化条件下,只能当电磁波波前与MNZ材料边界平行时,才能较好地实现阻抗匹配,从而基于MNZ材料实现新颖的辐射特性。     

各向同性等离子体覆盖金属天线辐射增强现象

以飞行器再入大气层时面临的通信“黑障”问题为研究背景,考虑粒子动力学效应,采用温等离子体介电常数模型,理论分析了各向同性等离子体覆盖圆柱金属天线构型中角向对称电磁模式的色散特性、传播特性及辐射特性.研究结果表明:在低气压、电磁波频率w/(2π)=1 GHz参量条件下,界于金属天线表面和主等离子体层之间的鞘层厚度约为几个德拜长度;角向对称模在天线表面的传播属于快波(波的相速大于光速)辐射,且存在一个临界等离子体密度,超过此临界值电磁波变为消逝波;存在一个临界归一化鞘层厚度(ι/λ_De)_pha(或(ι/λ_De)_att),超过此临界值时,相位常数(或衰减常数)幅值开始陡升(或陡降),即波的传播特性发生显著改变;当金属天线半径为3倍等离子体趋肤深度、鞘层厚度为整个等离子体层厚度的0.1倍时,电场和功率出现“椭圆形轮廓”辐射增强现象,其可能是由等离子体频率共振和等离子体-鞘层-天线系统阻抗共振引起,这些结论为相控阵天线的高分辨率成像等问题提供了理论思路.     

基于非对称开口环超表面结构的电磁响应研究

超表面具有特殊的电磁响应特性,在太赫兹领域具有广泛的应用前景.设计了以1对镜像的、非对称开口的金属环为基本单元的超表面阵列结构.仿真结果表明该超表面结构在太赫兹电磁波入射时产生镜像对称的偶极子共振电流,形成诱导磁场,进而通过感应产生的诱导电场来调控太赫兹透射波.利用COMSOL软件研究了开口环结构、分析层与衬底等参量对...     

零折射率材料的物理与应用

零折射率材料因其异常的电磁/光学特性在电磁波操控、新型天线和波导器件、非线性光学、光学吸收、电光调制等领域有着广泛的应用前景。文章首先介绍了零折射率材料的分类和实现方法,然后总结了零折射率材料的基本概念和电磁/光学特性,包括电磁波在零折射率材料中的折射、反射特性和"隧穿"效应,掺杂杂质对二维和三维体系的零折射率材料的影响,各向异性零折射率的电磁特性,零折射率材料内外的电场分布特性;最后介绍了零折射率材料的部分典型应用,并对零折射率材料的研究进行了展望。     

超薄电磁屏蔽光窗超材料吸波器EI北大核心CSCD

提出并验证了一种新型超薄微波超材料吸波器设计。该超材料吸波器由三层金属结构层和两层介质材料层组合而成,并采用两个相同的金属圆环作为双层复合谐振结构单元。该设计与传统的单层谐振结构单元相比,不仅大大减小了吸波器整体结构厚度,而且有效提高了电磁波吸收率。利用有限元电磁模拟对该吸波器内部的空间电磁场及表面电流分布进行仿真与分析,阐述了其电磁吸波物理机理。模拟和实验结果均证实该吸波器具有极化不敏感及宽角度入射稳定特性。该超薄超材料电磁吸波器整体结构简单,占空比低,在电磁屏蔽光窗等领域具有潜在应用。     

超薄电磁屏蔽光窗超材料吸波器

提出并验证了一种新型超薄微波超材料吸波器设计。该超材料吸波器由三层金属结构层和两层介质材料层组合而成,并采用两个相同的金属圆环作为双层复合谐振结构单元。该设计与传统的单层谐振结构单元相比,不仅大大减小了吸波器整体结构厚度,而且有效提高了电磁波吸收率。利用有限元电磁模拟对该吸波器内部的空间电磁场及表面电流分布进行仿真与分析,阐述了其电磁吸波物理机理。模拟和实验结果均证实该吸波器具有极化不敏感及宽角度入射稳定特性。该超薄超材料电磁吸波器整体结构简单,占空比低,在电磁屏蔽光窗等领域具有潜在应用。     

基于零折射磁性特异电磁介质的波前调控

本文基于二维磁性柱周期阵列设计了具有等效零折射率的磁性特异电磁介质. 通过多重散射理论计算体系的光子能带和等效介质理论提取体系的等效电磁参量可以确定该磁性特异电磁介质可以实现等效介电常数和等效磁导率同时为零. 利用该双零磁性特异电磁介质可以实现电磁波在无相位延迟下的传输, 从而可以调控电磁波的空间相位变化. 进而, 通过设计具有不同电磁波输出界面的构型实现了高斯光束的波前由平面转变成柱面, 还可以实现高斯光束的聚焦和高斯光束的分束. 也可以根据需要设计具有更为一般的输出界面, 实现更为多样的电磁波波前的调控. 而且, 磁性材料的电磁特性可以通过温度和外加磁场进行调制, 因此该双零磁性特异电磁介质的工作频率可以灵活控制, 这更便于电磁波器件的设计和应用.     

电磁超表面在微波和太赫兹波段雷达散射截面缩减中的应用研究进展

电磁超表面由于其独特的电磁特性为调控电磁波提供了有力工具,合适地设计成编码、随机、相位不连续、完美吸收器等超表面,就能够控制电磁波的散射以及反射特性,实现雷达散射截面的缩减。本文综述了不同的电磁超表面利用漫反射或者吸收等特性实现在微波和太赫兹波段雷达散射截面缩减中的应用。分析表明,编码超表面由不同的数字单元组成,其反射相位差在很宽的频段范围内满足恒定的关系,设计特殊的单元序列使入射的电磁波产生非定向散射,更高bit编码超表面更容易灵活调控电磁波;随机超表面通过调节阵元的尺寸实现宽带移相从而将金属目标特征性强的反射峰打散成一个无规律、杂乱的波,产生漫反射;不连续超表面由于相位不连续可使电磁波发生漫反射或者异常反射;吸收器通过合理设计结构尺寸实现吸收电磁波能量来减小反射。因此电磁超表面在雷达隐身、宽带通讯、成像等方面具有重要的应用前景。最后对电磁超表面在雷达散射截面缩减中应用的发展趋势进行了初步探讨,未来将向着宽带、柔性、大角度等方面发展。     

基于偶极子方环交叉元有损电容表面的薄宽带吸波器设计

为了解决常见吸波材料厚度大、吸波频带窄的问题，设计了一种采用新型偶极子方环交叉元结构的带宽大、厚度薄的吸波器，它由导电浆料和氧化铝陶瓷组成。基于有限差分时域方法采用CST软件仿真计算了该吸波器的电磁参数与反射率之间的关系。利用等效介质理论反演得到了吸波器的等效电磁参数与等效阻抗。通过优化偶极子方环交叉元结构的单元尺寸和电路参数，设计的吸波器在11.0～18.0 GHz频率范围内反射率小于-10 dB，厚度为1.6 mm，品质因素（FOM）远高于大多数文献报道的吸波器。研究发现该吸波器的损耗机制为共振损耗和欧姆损耗，组合频率选择表面（FSS）可以增强电磁损耗。实测结果与仿真吻合得较好，该超材料吸波器具有超薄宽带吸收的特性。     

各向异性超常材料中倒退波的传播研究

研究了完全各向异性超常材料中的倒退波传播现象,得到了在材料本征轴和传输轴成任意角度情形下倒退波形成的条件,分析了超常材料的介电张量和磁导率张量、电磁波的偏振方式对倒退波形成和传播的影响. 在此基础上,进一步分析了几种不同色散曲线关系的各向异性超常材料中倒退波的产生情况,获得了电磁波波矢和坡印亭矢量(能流)夹角的具体表达式和倒退波传播的一般性结论. 此外,还研究了近零介电常数超常材料中倒退波的传播特性,发现在此类超常材料中倒退波只能是完美倒退波. 关键词： 超常材料 负折射 倒退波 各向异性     

Ku/K波段双频涡旋电磁阵列天线设计

涡旋电磁波具有携带轨道角动量的特性,利用这一特性,采用涡旋电磁波作为信号的载体,可以实现同一时间、同一频段的多路信号传输,极大地提高系统容量和频带利用率。以同轴馈电的半圆型开槽微带天线为单元,设计出了一种能工作在Ku波段和K波段的涡旋电磁阵列天线。使用三维电磁场仿真软件建模并且优化参数,最终得到在中心频率分别为17.1 GHz和19.7 GHz时,阵列天线产生的电磁波携带有轨道角动量。结论表明:该阵列天线能够产生双频涡旋电磁波。     

基于变换光学的椭圆形透明聚集器的设计研究

基于麦克斯韦方程组在不同坐标系下具有形式不变性以及变换光学理论, 通过设计材料的本构参数(介电常数和磁导率)来引导电磁波的传播, 提出了具有电磁透明和电磁聚集两种功能的新型电磁器件-椭圆形透明聚集器的设计方法. 电磁波透明体不会阻挡电磁波的传播并且能够与斗篷内部进行交互; 电磁波聚集器是当电磁波入射到该装置上时, 电磁波能够被设计的装置按照要求集中到一个区域或者一个点, 实现电磁波能量的集中. 本文利用压缩变换和扩展变换推导出了这种电磁器件中各层的相对介电常数和相对磁导率的张量表达式, 并利用基于有限元算法的电磁仿真软件对该电磁器件进行了全波仿真验证, 得到了入射波从各个不同方向入射时磁场z 分量的分布图, 仿真结果证实了该设计方法和电磁参数的正确性. 最后还讨论了电磁器件存在损耗时的情况, 当损耗逐渐增大时, 器件的功能在一定程度上受到了削弱. 本文的设计方法为其他新型电磁器件的设计提供了一种新的思路.     

Acoustic-electromagnetic slow waves in a periodical defective piezoelectric slab

Coupled slow waves, slow acoustic waves, and electromagnetic waves are simultaneously achieved based on a piezoelectric material, in which a line defect is created within a honeycomb lattice array of cylindrical holes etched in a LiNbO_3 slab. Finite element simulations in frequency domain and time domain demonstrate that a highly localized slow mode is obtained in the defect. Owing to the piezoelectricity of LiNbO_3, acoustic and electromagnetic waves are coupled with each other and transmit along the line defect. Therefore, in addition to a slow acoustic wave, an electromagnetic wave with a group velocity even lower than conventional acoustic waves is achieved.     

基于圆微带天线阵的射频涡旋电磁波的产生

射频涡旋电磁波等相位面呈涡旋状,是一种携有新自由度-轨道角动量的电磁波。在轨道角动量模式理论分析的基础上,提出了在中心频率6 GHz处产生携有轨道角动量的涡旋电磁波的一种圆微带天线阵新结构,设计了以双层圆形微带天线为阵元组成的圆形阵列天线,通过控制馈源的相位差,得到模式量子数为0,1,2, 3, 4的轨道角动量。仿真结果表明:携轨道角动量的电磁波矢量电场图具有涡旋波阵面的特性,合适的阵列半径和馈线排列分布将产生携有良好轨道角动量特性的涡旋电磁波,而不当的阵列半径或馈线排列分布将出现能量的分散或者相互耦合的问题。     

Analytical model of a self-complementary connected antenna array on high impedance surface

This paper presents an analytical model to design a self-complementary connected antenna array above artificial materials like high impedance surfaces (HIS). The objective of this model is to perform parametric studies to facilitate deeper understanding of a complex antenna array with a significantly shorter computation time than with electromagnetic simulators. The model of the complete structure has been designed in receiving mode when structure is illuminated with a plane wave and using transmission line model and ABCD matrix. By applying an interesting property which gives equivalence between the input impedance in transmit mode and the surface impedance in receiving mode, the impedance match of the self-complementary connected antenna array can be quickly calculated. It is also simple to evaluate the influence of the incidence angle on the reflection coefficient of a self-complementary connected antenna array above perfect electric conductor (PEC) or HIS. PEC or artificial materials can modify the antenna array behavior by either increasing the bandwidth or by adding additional bandwidths. All these results have been verified to be accurate by numerical simulations done with Ansys HFSS.     

Theoretical study of two-element array of equilateral triangular patch microstrip antenna on ferrite substrate

The radiation characteristics of a two-element array of equilateral triangular patch microstrip antenna on a ferrite substrate are studied theoretically by considering the presence of bias magnetic field in the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves. It is found that the natural modes of propagation in the direction of magnetic field are left- and right-circularly polarized waves and these modes have different propagation constants. In loss-less isotropic warm plasma, this array antenna geometry excites both electromagnetic (EM) and electroacoustic plasma (P) waves in addition to a nonradiating surface wave. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the EM- and P-waves can be decoupled into two independent modes, the electroacoustic mode is longitudinal while the electromagnetic mode is transverse. The far-zone EM-mode and P-mode radiation fields are derived using vector wave function techniques and pattern multiplication approaches. The results are obtained in both plasma medium and free space. Some important antenna parameters such as radiation conductance, directivity and quality factor are plotted for different values of plasma-to-source frequency.     

Transverse or off-axis localization of electromagnetic waves in random one- and two-dimensional dielectric systems which are periodic on average

We study the transverse or off-axis localization of electromagnetic waves for several different random dielectric systems which are periodic on average. Unlike previous scalar wave treatments of transverse localization, in the present work we present results based on a full vector treatment of the electromagnetic fields based on Maxwell's equations. In a first system, we consider a random semi-infinite array of slabs with plane waves or finite beams of electromagnetic waves obliquely incident on the slab surfaces. The localization of the fields in a region near the surface of illumination is studied as a function of the oblique angle of incidence. In a second system, an array of semi-infinite slabs with random thickness is considered with an incident finite beam of electromagnetic waves initially directed parallel to the slab surfaces. The spreading of the beam width is computed as it propagates through the array of semi-infinite slabs. In a final system, we consider a semi-infinite array of random dielectric rods (2D system) with obliquely incident plane waves. The localization length of the plane-wave fields is computed as a function of the oblique angle of incidence and as a function of the strength of the disorder of the dielectric medium. All the random media we consider, when averaged over their randomness, are periodic on average. The above systems are studied for both p- and s-polarizations of incident electromagnetic waves, and the difference in the transverse localization of the electromagnetic field for these two polarizations is determined.     

二维三组元声子晶体中的半狄拉克点及奇异特性

设计了一种二维三组元声子晶体结构, 利用偶然简并的方法在布里渊区中心实现了半狄拉克点, 探究了随着组元几何参数的改变半狄拉克点的演变过程. 利用有限元方法研究发现在半狄拉克点频率附近沿着ΓX 方向声子晶体表现出与零折射率材料相似的行为, 许多奇异特性如单向透射等均可以观察到. 另外还发现在半狄拉克点频率附近声子晶体是各向异性的, 沿着不同方向声波的传播现象是不同的, 这种特性是狄拉克点及类狄拉克点所不具备的. 这种各向异性的声波传播特性有许多重要的应用, 如单方向完美透射和单方向波前整形等.     

Optical parametric amplification beyond the slowly varying amplitude approximation

The coupled-wave equations describing optical parametric amplification (OPA) are usually solved in the slowly varying amplitude (SVA) approximation regime, in which the second-order derivatives of the signal and idler amplitudes are ignored and in fact the electromagnetic effects due to exit face of the medium is not involved. Here, an analytical plane-wave solution of these coupled-wave equations in a non-absorbing medium is presented. The solutions are derived beyond the SVA approximation up to order of κ/k (coupling constant over the wave number). The intensity distributions of the signal and the idler waves show a periodic behavior about their corresponding distributions of SVA-adapted solution. This behavior can be explained by the interference of the forward propagating signal (idler) wave and the corresponding backward one resulted from the reflection by the end face of the medium. Furthermore, this interference pattern in the medium can in turn serve as a periodic source for the next generations of the signal and idler waves. Therefore, the superposition of the waves, generated from different points of this periodic source, at the exit face of the medium shows an oscillatory behavior of the transmitted signal (idler) wave in terms of normalized coupling constant, κL. This study also shows that this effect is more considerable for high intensity pump beam, high relative refractive index and short length of the nonlinear medium.      

Receiving Antenna in a Magnetoplasma in the Resonance Frequency Band

We find the rms voltage on a receiving dipole antenna in the electromagnetic field of a quasipotential-wave packet in a magnetoplasma in the resonance frequency band. It is shown that this voltage can be determined as a product of the electromagnetic-field amplitude of the incident wave by the effective length L_eff of the receiving antenna. For a short dipole whose length is much smaller than the electromagnetic-mode wavelength, the antenna effective length is proportional to the product of the dipole effective length in free space by the excitation coefficient of quasielectrostatic waves (non-normalized electric-field pattern of a dipole). In the case where the receiving antenna is located in proximity to the resonance cone on the lighted side, this excitation coefficient is much greater than unity. Therefore, the determined voltage differs significantly from the conventional estimate which is based on formulas valid for antennas in free space. We perform our derivations using the reciprocity theorem and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem applied to a regular electromagnetic field and a receiving antenna, which constitute the special case of a system which is not in equilibrium but allows an equilibrium (stationary state) to be reached between the incident radiation field and the electromagnetic field reemitted by the antenna. The emphasis is placed on the universal nature of the applied calculation procedure which is valid for arbitrary antennas and matters.