Whistler waves guided by ducts with enhanced density in a collisional magnetoplasma

We study the guided propagation of whistler waves along cylindrical ducts with enhanced density in a collisional magnetoplasma. It is shown that under certain conditions, the presence of comparatively small dissipative losses due to electron collisions in a plasma medium can lead to significant changes in the dispersion characteristics and field structures of whistler modes guided by such ducts compared with the case of a collisionless plasma. We present the results of numerical calculations showing such changes in the properties of whistler modes. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 31–49, January 2008.     

Whistler channeling in ducts with enhanced density in a magnetoactive plasma

We study the guided propagation of whistler waves along the density ducts created in a magnetoactive plasma under thermal nonlinear conditions. It is found that the thermal diffusion-driven redistribution of plasma due to electron heating in the quasistatic field of a current loop of fairly large radius leads to the formation of a duct with enhanced density. Based on experimental data and theoretical calculations, it is shown that such a duct can sustain the weakly decaying whistler modes excited by a magnetic-type antenna immersed in it. Radiophysical Research Institute, Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 384–394, March, 1998.     

Radiation of whistler waves in a magnetized plasma medium in the presence of density ducts

We investigate the influence of density ducts on the radiation of given sources in a magnetoplasma. We obtain the full-wave solution for the problem of radiation from annular electric and magnetic currents in the presence of a plasma column (density duct) oriented along an external magnetic field and surrounded by a uniform background magnetoplasma. Both the discrete part of the spatial spectrum of excited waves and the continuous part of the spectrum are considered. We calculate the total radiated power and partial powers radiated in separate eigenmodes guided by the column. It is established that in the whistler frequency range the presence of a channel with enhanced plasma density can cause a considerable increase in the radiation power of annular sources. We give concrete estimations for the ionospheric conditions and compare these results with the results obtained previously for the case of a uniform magnetoplasma without density ducts.Nizhnii Novgorod University. Tranlated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 37, No. 7, pp. 887–908, July, 1994.     

General Schrödinger equation for whistler waves propagating along a magnetic field

The general Schrödinger equation (GSE) for whistler waves with their group velocity directed along an external magnetic field is derived. The “mean” wave vector of the wave beam may be parallel to or have an angle Θ = arccos(2ω/ω_c) with the magnetic field. Applications of GSE to the whistler propagation in density ducts are considered. The results are important for the problem of the self-focusing of whistler waves.     

Cyclotron Wave-Particle Interactions in the Whistler-Mode Waveguide

We study the cyclotron interaction of energetic electrons and whistler waves in plasma waveguides formed by inhomogeneous distribution of cold plasma. Such waveguides can be formed in the Earth's magnetosphere, e.g., by the plasmapause or by ducts with enhanced background-plasma density. In this paper, we consider a cylindrically symmetric model of a magnetospheric duct with enhanced cold-plasma density in a homogeneous magnetic field. The spatial structure of the eigenmodes of such a waveguide is found. We obtain a set of self-consistent quasilinear equations for cyclotron instability with eigenmode structure taken into account, thus generalizing the quasilinear theory of a magnetospheric cyclotron maser.     

Dispersion properties and field structures of eigenmodes of nonuniform plasma waveguides in a longitudinal magnetic field

We study the field structure and dispersion properties of a hybrid eigenmode guided by a nonuniform magnetized plasma waveguide. It is shown that the rotational and quasi-potential waves contribute to the formation of such a mode in the whistler frequency range. Depending on the plasma density, the rotational component of the hybrid mode is determined by either waves with complex transverse wave numbers or whistler waves, or by true surface waves. In the presence of an axial nonuniformity of the plasma in a channel, the transverse field structure of the propagating mode changes, which is stipulated by changes in both the values of transverse wave numbers and their dependence on the radial coordinate. It is found that the spectrum of axial wave numbers of eigenmodes of a plasma waveguide undergoes a pronounced condensation when smoothing the waveguide walls. The damping of the hybrid mode of a nonuniform waveguide due to electron collisions is found and it is shown that collisional losses determine the damping of waves trapped in the waveguide in the experiments on ionization self-channeling of whistler waves. We have found the effect of “displacing” the strong field from the inner core to the background outer region of the waveguide with increasing plasma density on its axis and broadening background region. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 49, No. 7, pp. 607–617, July 2006.     

Whistler Wave Emission from a Modulated Electron Beam in a Collisional Magnetoplasma in the Presence of a Density Duct

We study the radiation from a modulated electron beam injected along the axis of a cylindrical density duct in a magnetoplasma. An expression for the average power lost by the beam at the modulation frequency is obtained and analyzed. It is shown that in the case of Cerenkov resonance of the beam with a weakly damped whistler mode of an enhanced-density duct, a noticeable increase in this power is possible compared with the case where the beam is injected in a homogeneous background magnetoplasma. Based on the results of numerical calculations performed for conditions of the Earth's ionosphere, we give estimates of an increase in the power radiated from the beam in the whistler frequency range in the presence of a cylindrical duct with enhanced density. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 48, No. 9, pp. 730–742, September 2005.     

Excitation of Nonsymmetric Waves by Given Sources in a Magnetoplasma in the Presence of a Cylindrical Plasma Channel

We consider the problem of excitation of electromagnetic field by spatially bounded, arbitrary given sources in a magnetoplasma in the presence of a cylindrical plasma channel aligned with an external magnetic field. We obtain a rigorous solution for the total field comprising both the discrete and continuous parts of the spatial spectrum of excited waves. Expressions for the radiation pattern and total radiation power of given sources are analyzed. For the whistler range, we calculate the radiation power of a ring electric current located in a channel with enhanced plasma density. It is shown that in this range, the presence of such a channel can lead to a significant increase in the radiation power of ring currents as compared with the case where the considered sources are immersed in a uniform background magnetoplasma, regardless of their orientation.     

Density fluctuation spectrum in whistler turbulence

We develop a nonlinear two-dimensional fluid model of whistler turbulence that includes effect of electron fluid density perturbations. The latter is coupled nonlinearly with wave magnetic field. This coupling leads essentially to finite compressibility effects in whistler turbulence model. We find from our simulations that despite strong compressibility effects, the density fluctuations follow the evolution of the wave magnetic field fluctuations. In a characteristic regime where large scale whistlers are predominant, the coupled density fluctuations are found to follow a Kolmogorov-like phenomenology in the inertial range turbulence. Consequently, the turbulent energy is dominated by the large scale (compared to electron inertial length) eddies and it follows a Kolmogorov-like k−7/3 spectrum, where k is a characteristic wavenumber.     

Nonlinear TM modes in cylindrical liquid crystal waveguide

We consider a nonlinear cylindrical fiber with a nematic liquid crystal (LC) core having initially the escaped configuration and subject to the action of a normal mode propagating electromagnetic field of arbitrary intensity. We derive a set of coupled equations governing the nonlinear dynamics of the electromagnetic field and the confined LC. We solve numerically these coupled equations and find simultaneously the distorted textures of the nematic inside the cylinder and the Transverse Magnetic modes in the guide. We analyze the dependence of these solutions on the electromagnetic field intensity by assuming consistently soft boundary conditions. We have found a dramatic correlation in the spatial distribution of the nematic's configuration and the Transverse Magnetic modes. Thus, the director adopts configurations completely guided by the specific mode involved. We show that the cut-off frequencies and dispersion relations can be tuned by varying the intensity of the electromagnetic propagating field.     

Field-reversed configurations in an unmagnetized plasma

An oscillating magnetic field is applied with a loop antenna to an unmagnetized plasma. At small amplitudes the field is evanescent. At large amplitudes the field magnetizes the electrons, which allows deeper field penetration in the whistler modes. Field-reversed configurations are formed at each half cycle. Electrons are energized. Transient whistler instabilities produce high-frequency oscillations in the magnetized plasma volume.     

Whistler instability in an electron-magnetohydrodynamic spheromak

A three-dimensional magnetic vortex, propagating in the whistler mode, has been produced in a laboratory plasma. Its magnetic energy is converted into electron kinetic energy. Non-Maxwellian electron distributions are formed which give rise to kinetic whistler instabilities. The propagating vortex radiates whistler modes along the ambient magnetic field. A new instability mechanism is proposed.     

Guided Waves in a Multi-Layered Cylindrical Elastic Solid Medium

We investigate the guided waves in a multi-layered cylindrical elastic solid medium. The dispersion function of guided waves is usually complex and the dispersion curves of all modes are not conveniently obtained. Here we present an effective method to obtain the dispersion curves of all modes. First, the dispersion function of the guided waves is transformed into a real function. The dispersion curves are then calculated for all the modes of the guided waves by the bisection method. The modes with the orders n = 0, 1, and 2 are analysed in two- and three-layer media. The existence condition of Stoneley wave is discussed. The modes of the guided waves are also investigated in a two-layer medium, in which the velocity of shear wave in the outer layer is less than that in the inner layer.     

Guided wave propagation and mode differentiation in hollow cylinders with viscoelastic coatings

Guided wave propagation theories have been widely explored for about one century. Earlier theories on single-layer elastic hollow cylinders have been very beneficial for practical nondestructive testing on piping and tubing systems. Guided wave flexural (nonaxisymmetric) modes in cylinders can be generated by a partial source loading or any nonaxisymmetric discontinuity. They are especially important for guided wave mode control and defect analysis. Previous investigations on guided wave propagation in multilayered hollow cylindrical structures mostly concentrate on the axisymmetric wave mode characteristics. In this paper, the problem of guided wave propagation in free hollow cylinders with viscoelastic coatings is solved by a semianalytical finite element (SAFE) method. Guided wave dispersion curves and attenuation characteristics for both axisymmetric and flexural modes are presented. Due to the fact that dispersion curve modes obtained from SAFE calculations are difficult to differentiate from each other, a mode sorting method is established to distinguish modes by their orthogonality. Theoretical proof of the orthogonality between guided wave modes in a viscoelastic coated hollow cylinder is provided. Wave structures are also calculated and discussed in view of wave mechanics in multilayered cylindrical structures containing viscoelastic materials.     

Coupled whistler and ion-acoustic mode propagation in two-electron-temperature plasmas

The nonlinear coupling between whistler and ion-acoustic modes in a plasma having bi-Maxwellian distributed electrons is considered. For stationary propagation, the coupled waves lead to a novel nonlinear structure which has a triple-hump profile for the whistler field intensity. In the critical parameter regime (Δ = 3), only supersonic propagation of the coupled modes is allowed. In other regimes, three integrable cases of the coupled mode propagation have been identified.     

Ionization self-channeling of whistler waves in a collisional magnetized plasma

An investigation is made of the self-interaction of whistler waves (whistlers) involving the formation of waveguide channels in a collisional magnetoactive plasma as a result of its additional ionization by the field of the propagating wave. Simplified equations are derived to describe the behavior of the whistler field in a channel of enhanced plasma density in the presence of electron collisions. Self-consistent distributions of the field and the plasma corresponding to steady-state ionization self-channeling of whistlers are obtained by numerically solving the equations for the field together with balance equations for the electron density and energy. Our estimates indicate that this effect can be observed under laboratory conditions. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 112, 1285–1298 (October 1997)     

圆管结构中周向导波非线性效应的模式展开分析

在二阶微扰近似条件下, 采用导波模式展开分析方法研究了圆管结构中周向导波的非线性效应. 伴随基频周向导波传播所发生的二次谐波, 可视为由一系列二倍频周向导波模式叠加而成. 从动量定理出发, 结合柱坐标系下非线性应力张量及其散度的数学表达式, 针对圆管中某一基频周向导波模式, 推导出相应的二倍频应力张量及二倍频彻体驱动力的数学表达式, 建立了确定二倍频周向导波模式展开系数的控制方程, 得到了伴随基频周向导波传播所发生的二次谐波声场的形式解. 理论分析和数值计算表明, 当构成二次谐波声场的某一二倍频周向导波模式与基频周向导波的相速度匹配时, 该二倍频周向导波模式的位移振幅表现出随传播周向角积累增长的性质; 当两者的相速度失配时, 二倍频周向导波的振幅随传播周向角表现出“拍”效应.     

具有弱界面的柱状复合结构中轴对称声导波

利用柱状分层结构中轴对称声导波的波动方程和界面“弹簧”模型，导出了具有弱界面的双层柱状复合结构中轴对称声导波的广义色散方程，计算了刚性联接和滑移联接界面时双层复合管(腔壁为自由界面或腔内充水)和双层复合棒中轴对称声导波的色散特性，分析了弱界面的轴向劲度系数对低阶轴对称声导波的影响- 关键词：     

Upconversion of whistler waves by gyrating ion beams in a plasma

A gyrating ion beam, with a ring-shaped distribution in velocity, supports negative energy beam modes near the harmonics of beam gyro-frequency. An investigation of the non-linear interaction of high-frequency whistler waves with the negative energy beam cyclotron mode is made. A non-linear dispersion relation is derived for the coupled modes. It is shown that a gyrating ion-beam frequency upconverts the whistler waves separated by harmonics of beam gyro-frequency. The expression for the growth rate of whistler mode waves has been derived. In Case 1, a high-amplitude whistler wave decays into two lower frequency waves, called a low-frequency mode and a side band of frequency lower than that of pump wave. In Case 2 a high-amplitude whistler wave decays into two lower frequency daughter waves, called the low-frequency mode and whistler waves. Generation mechanism of these waves has application in space and laboratory plasmas.     

Excitation mechanisms and dispersion characteristics of guided waves in multilayered cylindrical solid media

This paper first reviews a method of simulating the propagation characteristics of guided waves in multilayered coaxial cylindrical elastic solid media. Secondly, this method is used to investigate the properties of the guided waves for the ultrasonic long-range non-destructive evaluation techniques for rockbolts. To do so, the special case of non-leaky guided modes in open waveguides is considered. The method explains how the complex dispersion function is converted into a real function: hence the bisection technique can be employed to search for all the real roots. The model is used to (i) characterize the low dispersion range and anomalous dispersion of normal and Stoneley modes and (ii) analyze the excitation mechanisms of guided waves from axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric acoustic sources. The results are used to select suitable excitation frequency ranges associated with dominant modes with large amplitudes, low dispersion, and distinguishable propagation velocities to reduce signal distortion. The results suggest the lowest order flexural mode, excited by a radial force source, has potential to be used in practice. Also, the highly dispersive Stoneley mode propagating along a cylindrical interface is defined and distinguished from the normal mode using two properties, velocity high-frequency asymptotes and amplitude distributions along the radial direction.