在羊八井设置KASCADE强子量能器研究宇宙线膝区成分

预期在高海拔测量宇宙线空气簇射（AS）轴心中的高能强子成分能提供对宇宙线膝区成分灵敏的一些新的AS观测量。 假定在羊八井ARGO阵列的中央设置一台类似于KASCADE所使用的强子量能器, 记录AS轴心区的高能强子, 模拟计算分析表明, 采用适当的事例选择条件, 能在有效运行1—2 a的观测数据中, 选出有合理大小的、 初能在膝区的、 由AS轴心区高能强子组成的事例样本, 并给出对膝区成分灵敏的许多新观测量的分布。 It is shown that measuring the high energy hadrons in air shower cores at high altitudes (like Yangbajing) can provide some new observables which are sensitive to the cosmic ray composition at the knee region. Assuming a hadron calorimeter (like KASCADE calorimeter) is set up at the center of ARGO array, the event selection conditions are studied for that the primary energies of the selected events range just around the knee. The sample has a reasonable size for 1—2 years’ exposure and a number of observables are shown to be sensitive to the composition.     

基于羊八井ARGO实验的原初γ射线成分分辨

利用蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)模拟产生的数据研究了由ARGO探测阵列所观测的，由能量为100GeV-10TeV，天顶角为0°-45°的原初γ射线和强子(质子和原子核)所引起的簇射的横向分布结构，得到了平均横向分布宽度、最小树长度等可以描述两种簇射空间分布差异的特征量. 研究了用这些特征量作为输入单元的人工神经网络分析方法进行原初γ和强子分辨的能力，结果表明，利用该方法可有效地区分γ和强子簇射.     

EAS心区次级粒子分布涨落的多重分形结构的研究

利用Monte Carlo模拟数据研究了由γ射线和质子引起的空气簇射中的次级粒子在羊八井ARGO实验中的空间分布的不同,并利用G矩分析方法对γ射线和质子簇射的次级粒子在心区附近分布的多重分形性质进行了分析.从γ射线和质子事例的谱函数可以看出,利用这种方法,可以作为区分原初γ射线和质子的依据.结果表明在1—10TeV能区可以较好地区分γ射线和质子.     

利用宇宙线大气簇射的时空特征分辨原初γ射线

利用Monte Carlo模拟程序模拟甚高能区原初γ射线和质子大气簇射过程,分析γ射线和质子簇射在观测平面上的时空结构,利用大气簇射次级粒子到达时间涨落和空间横向分布特征,进行原初γ射线成分和质子成分的有效分辨,为中意合作羊八井ARGO实验进行γ点源的寻找提供了降低强子本底的方法,该工作还估计了该分辨方法对γ信号显著性的影响.     

ARGO实验探测γ暴的灵敏度研究

西藏羊八井ARGO实验是对广延大气簇射事例进行观测研究的"全覆盖式"地面宇宙线观测实验, 其主要目的之一就是探测E>10GeV的γ暴. 通过Monte Carlo模拟, 估算了ARGO实验探测10GeV γ暴所具有的灵敏度.     

非弹性核反应对质子束能量沉积的影响

提出了一种比较精确且又省时的质子穿透的解析算法,并给出了考虑核反应后50—250MeV质子在水中的能量沉积,与Monte-Carlo方法的结果进行了比较.结果表明:1)非弹性核反应对质子的能量沉积有明显的影响,特别是对较高能量的质子束入射情况;2)该方法计算效率比Monte Carlo方法高百倍以上.因此,本文方法解决了质子能量沉积计算中效率和精度之间的矛盾,有可能在质子束放射治疗中得到实际应用. 关键词： 质子能量沉积 核反应 截面     

LUND面积定律对J/ψ非微扰强衰变的描述

基于微扰QCD所预言的J/ψ衰变道胶子分布及其分支截面和LUND弦碎裂模型强子化面积定律的严格解,得到J/ψ所有衰变模式的微扰和非微扰过程的一种可能的描述,相应的Monte Carlo产生器LUARLW所作的初步模拟结果与BES获取的J/ψ数据的多种带电粒子谱分布和事例形状拓扑分布符合较好.     

用最小电离的质子刻度铅–闪烁光纤夹层电磁量能器

研究利用最小电离的质子和已知能量的电子来刻度铅–闪烁光纤夹层电磁量能器.对最小电离粒子输出响应进行光纤衰减修正后,利用最小电离质子的输出响应对量能器测量单元进行标定,然后对不同入射能量的电子事例进行能量重建,重建能量与入射能量有很好的线性关系.本文还对最小电离的质子与μ子对量能器测量单元的输出响应进行了比较,发现二者在误差范围内是一致的.     

粒子(E≥45 MeV)核内级联Monte Carlo模拟程序研究

本文基于核内级联物理过程,采用Monte Carlo方法发展了一款质子、中子以及π介子的粒子输运程序.基本物理模型基于适当简化和核内级联Bertini模型,同时借鉴了INCL模型质心系下的角微分分布以克服Bertini模型之不足,即采用Monte Carlo方法模拟核子与核子、核子与π介子间的弹性散射、非弹性散射等过程,粒子相互作用时,核子密度随半径变化且作用截面参考Bertini模型22类实验截面数据,出射粒子散射角在质心系下的抽样遵从INCL模型所确定的微分分布.可模拟45—3500 MeV的中子、质子或2500 MeV以下π介子引起的核内级联过程.入射粒子能量在60—378 MeV范围内反应截面理论计算值与已有实验数据、以及在65—3000 MeV较宽能区范围内反应截面、出射粒子增殖比、微分截面和剩余核等计算结果与MCNPX,GEANT 4和PHITS模拟结果符合较好.     

CuCrZr合金质子辐照效应的模拟研究

基于Monte Carlo方法,跟踪一大批入射粒子的运动,模拟1~10 Me V质子辐照下质子与CuCrZr合金的相互作用,计算出合金的阻止本领、能量传递、能量损失、射程、空位分布情况以及合金的辐照损伤分别与辐照深度、质子能量的关系,通过模拟CuCrZr合金在聚变反应中的工作环境,分析热沉材料的失效机理.研究结果表明:质子能量在1~10 Me V时,质子与CuCrZr合金发生非弹性碰撞,能量损失以电离能损失为主,表现出很好的抗辐照性能;质子在合金中的峰值深度随质子能量增加而增加,且近似指数关系,峰值深度为2~250μm;入射质子能量达到Me V级别时,溅射产额为零,CuCrZr合金可以很好的避免器壁的侵蚀;合金中空位的个数与入射质子能量呈线性关系,合金中空位和质子在合金中的分布具有同步性;质子损伤效率在合金深度方向呈现高斯分布,损伤最大值位置与辐照深度接近,随着入射质子能量的增加损伤效率最大值不断减小.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.