P3HT/CdS/TiO2/ZnO一维有序核壳式纳米棒阵列的构制及其在杂化太阳电池中的应用研究

采用恒电位法在铟锡氧化物导电玻璃(ITO)上制备了高度有序一维ZnO纳米棒阵列,将ZnO纳米棒阵列在TiO2溶胶中采用提拉法制备出了一维TiO2/ZnO核壳式纳米棒阵列.在一维TiO2/ZnO核壳式纳米棒阵列上电沉积CdS纳米晶得到一维CdS/TiO2/ZnO核壳式纳米棒阵列,然后在一维CdS/TiO2/ZnO核壳式纳米棒阵列上电沉积聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)薄膜得到P3HT/CdS/TiO2/ZnO核壳式纳米结构薄膜.以该纳米结构薄膜电极为光阳极制备出新型纳米结构杂化太阳电池,研究了该类电池的光电转换性能,初步探讨了该类电池的工作机理.     

CdS量子点敏化ZnO纳米棒阵列电极的制备和光电化学性能

采用连续式离子层吸附与反应法制备了CdS量子点敏化的ZnO纳米棒电极.应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对CdS量子点/ZnO纳米棒电极的形貌、晶型和颗粒尺寸进行了分析和表征;采用光电流-电位曲线和光电流谱研究了不同CdS循环沉积次数及不同沉积浓度对复合电极的光电性能影响.结果表明,前驱体浓度都为0.1mol·L-1且沉积15次敏化后的ZnO纳米棒阵列电极光电性能最好.与单纯的ZnO纳米棒阵列电极和单纯的CdS量子点电极相比,其光电转换效率显著提高,单色光光子-电流转换效率(IPCE)在380nm处达到76%.这是因为CdS量子点可以拓宽光的吸收到可见光区,并且在所形成的界面上光生载流子更容易分离.荧光光谱实验进一步说明了光电增强的原因是,两者间形成的界面中表面态大大减少,有利于减少光生电子和空穴的复合.     

择优生长CdS纳米微粒膜的制备和性能研究

利用恒电流阴极还原法或电流脉冲法在聚苯胺膜、PATP膜、Au膜和ITO基体上制备了CdS纳米微粒膜 ,并对其结构和紫外_可见吸收等性质进行初步表征 .结果表明基体对CdS微粒膜的结构和性能具有较大的影响     

玻璃纳米孔洞电极的制备及对环糊精单分子的检测

采用玻璃毛细管融封后打磨,直接得到了纳米孔洞玻璃电极。此电极洞壁厚实坚固,容易操作,电流噪声低,可实现对β-环糊精单个分子的检测。发现单个环糊精分子可以产生清晰分辨的两种幅度的电流脉冲,提出是环糊精在孔洞内的两种取向造成的。脉冲幅度与孔洞尺寸密切相关。在(10±5)nm的孔洞电极上可以得到2～5pA的响应脉冲。研究了电压大小与方向的影响,结果表明,电渗流对检测影响显著。在电渗流方向与环糊精扩散方向相反的条件下,100～600mV电极电位即可产生良好的脉冲信号,但平均脉冲宽度随电极电位的增大呈线先增大后减小的趋势,约在300mV电位下脉冲宽度最大。     

电化学组装法制备对-巯基苯胺/聚苯胺纳米有序导电聚合物膜

提出了制备二维纳米有序有机导电聚合物膜的新方法--电化学组装法,应用该方法在电位脉冲的作用下使苯胺聚合到对-巯基苯胺修饰的金电极上,获得了致密、有序的对-巯基苯胺/聚苯胺(p-aminothiolphenol/polyaniline,PATP/PANI)导电寡聚物薄膜.用STM研究了Au(111)/PATP、Au(111)/PATP/PANI膜表面的二维有序性,用SERS谱表征了Au(粗糙表面)/PATP、Au(粗糙表面)/PATP/PANI膜的结构和成分,并以[Fe(CN)₆]^3-/[Fe(CN)₆]^4-为探针研究了其电子传递性能.结果表明用电化学组装法制备的PATP/PANI膜在纳米尺度上是二维有序的,且具有良好的电子传递性能.     

聚苯胺对纳米CdS的光致发光增强效应

利用电化学脉冲沉积法在聚苯胺(PANI)膜上制备了纳米CdS/PANI复合膜,并利用扫描电镜光谱、紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、拉曼和荧光等光谱技术表征复合膜的形貌、结构及性质.CdS/PANI复合膜中CdS微粒呈现量子尺寸效应;CdS和PANI间存在相互作用;由于聚苯胺和CdS能级的合适匹配,聚苯胺对CdS的光致发光(PL)有增强效应,增强机理为光生载流子的传递机理.     

以SBA-16薄膜/ITO为基底电沉积生长“花状”CdS纳米晶体

在酸性条件下,以导电玻璃(ITO)为基底合成sBA.16分子筛膜.所制备的SBA-16薄膜孔径均匀,具有体心立方结构(属于Im3m空间群).在由CdCl2和Na2S2O3组成的电解液中,调节pH值为2～3.利用直流恒电位电沉积法,调节电位为-0.7 V,沉积时间为50 min,在SBA-16膜/ITO电极表面电沉积生长出"花状"CdS纳米晶体,利用SEM、TEM等技术研究了CdS纳米晶体形貌和结构,同时进行了荧光光谱测试.结果表明,电沉积合成的CdS生长在电极表面而不是生长在介孔孔道中.并能够产生荧光谱峰.     

液相沉积法制备ZnO/CdS复合纳米棒阵列薄膜及其光电性质

采用两步化学溶液沉积法在氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃衬底上制备了ZnO/CdS复合纳米棒阵列薄膜.利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收分光光度计、荧光(PL)光谱仪及表面光电压谱(SPS)研究了不同CdS沉积时间对复合薄膜的晶体结构、形貌、光电性质的影响.研究结果表明:ZnO纳米棒阵列表面包覆CdS纳米颗粒后,其吸收光谱可拓展到可见光区;与吸收光谱相对应在可见光区出现新的光电压谱响应区,这一现象证实,通过与CdS复合可显著提高ZnO纳米棒阵列在可见光区的光电转换性能;随着CdS纳米颗粒沉积时间的延长,复合纳米棒阵列薄膜在大于383nm波长区域的光电压强度逐渐减弱,而在小于383nm波长区域的光电压强度逐渐增强.用两种不同的电荷产生和分离机制对这一截然相反的光响应过程进行了详细的讨论和解释.     

基于Au纳米通道膜分离测定芦丁

采用化学沉积法将Au沉积到聚碳酸酯滤膜(PC-Mem)上, 制备了直径10 nm左右的Au纳米通道膜(Au-Mem). 实验考察了芦丁在纳米通道膜上的透过特性, 在电场作用下, 芦丁与铝形成的荷电配离子在电场力驱动下透过修饰了对巯基苯胺(PATP)的Au纳米通道膜, 实现了芦丁的分离与测定. 成功地对复方芦丁片中的芦丁分子进行了分离与测定, 回收率为96.3%～99.3%.     

Ag_核Au_壳金属复合纳米粒子的制备及表面增强拉曼光谱研究

在已制备好的Ag纳米粒子表面,通过化学还原的方法沉积生长Au包裹层,制备了粒子尺寸为50-70nm的Ag核Au壳复合纳米粒子.通过改变AuCl₄^-量,使Ag_100-xAu_x中Au的含量由x=0变为x=30.用UV-Vis吸收光谱和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对该结构纳米粒子进行了表征,并以对巯基苯胺(PATP)为探针分子进行表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)研究.表面拉曼光谱表明,该结构的纳米粒子具有比Ag更强的SERS活性,随着Au:Ag比例的逐渐增加,其活性呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其最大增强约为Ag纳米粒子的10倍.     

Nano-organized CdS particles with Quantum Effect on Polyaniline Film

Polyaniline(PANI)/p-aminothiophenol(PATP)/Au film was obtained by electrochemical methods^[1].The CdS nano-particles were electrodeposited according to the method of Baranski etal.^[2].     

Contribution of charge-transfer mechanisms to surface-enhanced Raman scattering with near-IR excitation.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering under near-IR excitation is investigated for p-aminothiophenol (PATP) molecules that are either adsorbed on an electrochemically roughened silver electrode or embedded in an Au/PATP/Ag molecular junction assembled on an indium-doped tin oxide electrode. The contribution from chemical enhancement can be amplified relative to the contribution from electromagnetic enhancement, because the energy of the near-IR excitation is far from the surface plasmon resonance of the nanosized metal particles. The energy required for the charge-transfer process for the Au/PATP/Ag molecular junction is much lower than that of the PATP molecules adsorbed on the electrochemically roughened silver electrode. Coadsorption of chloride ions on the metal nanoparticles may result in an alteration of the local Fermi level of the metal nanoparticles, thus leading to better energy matching between the energy level of the interconnecting PATP molecules and the Fermi level of the metal nanoparticles.     

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of p-aminothiophenol on a Au(core)/Cu(shell) nanoparticle assembly.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of p-aminothiophenol (PATP) molecules adsorbed onto assemblies of Au(core)/Cu(shell) nanoparticles is reported. We compare it with the SERS spectrum of PATP adsorbed onto gold nanoparticles: both the absolute and relative scattered intensities of various bands in the two spectra are very different. The difference in relative intensity can be ascribed to chemical effects; the chemical enhancement ratio of the two substrates is approximately 3-5. A theoretical analysis based on a charge-transfer model is carried out, which yields a consistent result and shows that the difference in chemical enhancement is mainly due to the state densities and Fermi levels of the substrates. The difference in absolute intensity originates from electromagnetic (EM) enhancement. EM enhancement of Au(core)/Cu(shell) nanoparticles is unlike that of single-component gold or copper SERS-active substrates. The core/shell particle size for optimal enhancement is about 20 nm in the case of a 632.8 nm incident laser (the size ratio of the core and shell layers is about 0.6).     

模板法合成金银核壳纳米线及电化学表征

采用氧化铝模板由交流电沉积制备纯银纳米线.然后借助化学还原法,在已制备好的银线表面包裹不同厚度的金壳层,得到具有核壳结构的AgcoreAushell复合纳米线.电子显微镜(SEM,TEM)显示该复合结构纳米线表面形貌与加入的金盐量有关,而且包裹层较薄的复合纳米线表面存在大量的孔洞.循环伏安测试表明,具有孔洞效应的复合纳米线经多次循环扫描后即可过渡到无孔洞效应的表面.以对巯基苯胺(PATP)作为探针分子的表面增强拉曼光谱,可用于表征纳米材料的表面结构.     

制备条件对PANI/PATP/Au和TiO_2-PANI/PATP/Au膜光电化学性能的影响

应用电化学方法在不同条件下制备聚苯胺 (PANI)膜和TiO2 -PANI复合膜 ,并对其光电化学性能进行研究 .实验表明 ,制备条件是影响膜光电化学性能的重要因素 .对氨基硫酚 (PATP)的组装有利于改善PANI膜的附着力 ;部分氧化态PANI膜的光电化学响应明显优于还原态和氧化态PANI膜的光电化学响应 ;部分氧化态PANI膜的厚度对其光电化学性能有一最佳值 ;热处理虽然有利于改善TiO2 的光电化学性能 ,但温度太高 ,将破坏PANI膜的表面结构 ,对于TiO2 -PANI复合膜有一最佳的热处理温度 .优化制备条件大可改善TiO2 -PANI复合膜和PANI膜的光电化学性能     

Preparation, characterization, and optical, electrochemical property research of CdS/PAM nanocomposites

CdS/PAM nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized in situ via a ultrasound-assisted route under ambient condition, employing CdCl(2) and Na(2)S(2)O(3) as Cd(2+) and S(2-) ion sources and acrylamide (AM) and (NH(4))(2)S(2)O(8) as organic monomers and initiating reagents, respectively. The results from X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and the IR spectrum of the final product showed the formation of CdS nanoparticles and the polymerization of AM monomers. SEM observations showed that the CdS/PAM nanocomposites could film on the quartz substrate and some holes in which many nanorods regularly arranged distributed on the film. The UV-vis absorption and PL spectra of CdS/PAM nanocomposites obviously differed from those of CdS nanoparticles prepared under the same conditions due to the presence of PAM. The electrochemical research showed that CdS/PAM nanocomposites had a stronger ability to promote electron transfers between Hb and the Au electrode than CdS nanoparticles prepared under the same conditions. A possible formation mechanism was also suggested based on the results of experiments.     

NaOH溶液中CdS纳米棒的水热合成

在NaOH溶液中水热合成了CdS纳米棒, 并探讨了NaOH溶液浓度和反应时间对CdS纳米棒形貌及晶体结构的影响及其可能的生长机理和母液循环可行性. 用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)对CdS纳米棒进行了表征, 并考察了其在可见光照射下光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性. 结果表明, NaOH溶液是形成棒状形貌的关键因素. 在最优实验条件下, 可获得六方纤锌矿结构CdS纳米棒, 直径约200 nm, 长度可达4 μm. 该纳米棒具有良好的可见光光催化活性.     

Preparation of ZnS nanorods by a liquid crystal template

ZnS nanorods were synthesized in lamellar liquid crystals of C(12)E(4) by mixing zinc ions and thioacetamide (TAA) solution. The effects of the reactant concentration and the surfactant/water molar ratio in the liquid crystal system on the morphology and size of the ZnS particles were investigated. The prepared ZnS particles are regular nanorods having a width of about 60 nm and a length of about 80-380 nm, with a largest aspect ratio of about 6.3. A lamellar liquid crystal templating mechanism has been proposed to interpret the experimental results.