2-(2-巯苯基)苯并噁唑分子内质子转移取代基电子效应的密度泛函理论研究

在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)和TDB3LYP/6-31++G(d,p)//CIS/6-31G(d,p)水平上研究了2-(2-巯苯基)苯并噁唑及其衍生物基态和激发态分子内质子转移现象,并探讨取代基电子效应对分子内质子转移的影响,研究结果表明,在基态时,硫醇式异构体为优势构象,供电子取代基使基态分子内正向质子转移能垒(烯醇式→酮式)升高;而吸电子取代基则可降低能垒,有利于基态分子内质子转移并有助于硫酮式异构体的稳定.在激发态时,硫酮式结构为优势构象,所研究的2-(2-巯苯基)苯并噁唑化合物及衍生物均可以发生无能垒或低能垒(≤1.5kJ/mol)的激发态分子内质子转移.巯苯基部分是激发态失活的主要活性部分,供电子基团有利于激发态的质子转移,吸电子基团使激发态跃迁困难,不利于激发态的质子转移.     

过渡金属催化下N-取代苯基-苯并噻噁唑酮-3-甲酰胺的合成及其生物活性

为了寻找新的含苯并噻(噁)唑稠杂环农药先导化合物,利用(6-氯)-苯并噻(噁)唑酮与取代苯基异氰酸酯发生偶合反应,合成了15个N-取代苯基-苯并噻(噁)唑酮-3-甲酰胺化合物3,并利用1H NMR,IR,MS及元素分析对其结构进行了表征.初步生物活性试验结果表明,在试验浓度下部分目标化合物具有一定的杀菌和杀虫活性.考察了部分过渡金属催化剂对该偶合反应的催化效果,结果表明在钯催化、温和条件下即可较高产率得到产物.     

十字交叉型π共轭分子3,6-二苯-1,2,4,5-(2',2"-二苯基)-苯并二噁唑的电子结构和电荷传输性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法, 在6-31G(d)基组水平下研究了以三联苯和二苯基苯并噁唑构成的十字交叉型共轭分子3,6-二苯基-1,2,4,5-(2',2"-二苯基)-苯并二噁唑的电子结构和电荷传输性质. 通过对分子的重组能和晶体中分子间电荷传输积分的计算得到该分子的空穴迁移率为0.31 cm2·V -1·s -1 , 电子迁移率为0.11 cm2/(V·s). 计算结果表明, 空穴的传输主要是通过三联苯方向上两端苯环的"边对面"的相互作用以及分子中心π体系的错位重叠相互作用来实现的. 而电子的传输路径主要是通过苯并噁唑方向的π-π重叠相互作用来实现. 通过分析分子正负离子态的Mulliken电荷发现, 正电荷较多分布在三联苯方向上, 而负电荷较多分布在苯并噁唑方向上. 计算结果表明, 电子和空穴的传输分别在分子相互交叉的不同方向上, 有利于电子和空穴的平衡传输.     

十字交叉型π共轭分子3,6-二苯-1,2,4,5-(2′,2″-二苯基)-苯并二噁唑的电子结构和电荷传输性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法, 在6-31G(d)基组水平下研究了以三联苯和二苯基苯并噁唑构成的十字交叉型共轭分子3,6-二苯基-1,2,4,5-(2′,2″-二苯基)-苯并二噁唑的电子结构和电荷传输性质. 通过对分子的重组能和晶体中分子间电荷传输积分的计算得到该分子的空穴迁移率为0.31 cm²·V^-1·s^-1, 电子迁移率为0.11 cm²/(V·s). 计算结果表明, 空穴的传输主要是通过三联苯方向上两端苯环的“边对面”的相互作用以及分子中心π体系的错位重叠相互作用来实现的. 而电子的传输路径主要是通过苯并噁唑方向的π-π重叠相互作用来实现. 通过分析分子正负离子态的Mulliken电荷发现, 正电荷较多分布在三联苯方向上, 而负电荷较多分布在苯并噁唑方向上. 计算结果表明, 电子和空穴的传输分别在分子相互交叉的不同方向上, 有利于电子和空穴的平衡传输.     

卟啉-噁二唑二元体系光诱导能量及电子传递研究

以5-对氨基苯基-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉及2-苯基-5-(对氨基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑为原料合成了系列卟啉-噁二唑二元化合物, 其结构通过¹H NMR, ESI-MS, IR, UV-Vis确定. 对合成化合物进行光谱性能测定, 结果表明, 在卟啉与噁二唑混合体系中, 存在着卟啉激发态分子向噁二唑基态分子的分子间电子传递过程, 导致卟啉激发态的荧光猝灭; 在卟啉-噁二唑二元体系中, 315 nm激发下发生了由激发态噁二唑基团至卟啉基团的能量传递, 导致噁二唑基团荧光猝灭, 卟啉基团荧光增强. 420 nm激发下不存在分子内卟啉基团向噁二唑基团的电子回传竞争; 电化学性能测定进一步表明从噁二唑基团向卟啉基团的电子传递是可能的. 因此卟啉-噁二唑二元化合物可能作为一种模型, 模拟光合作用中电子给体至叶绿素之间的电子传递过程.     

Zn/Y双金属接力催化:一锅法分子内环异构化/分子间阿尔德-烯反应构建α-羟基酰胺噁唑衍生物

报道了一种新型的Zn/Y双金属接力催化的串联反应,该方法通过Zn(OTf)₂和Y(OTf)₃接力催化,一锅法进行分子内环异构化/分子间阿尔德-烯反应构建α-羟基酰胺噁唑衍生物.产物的形成主要是由Zn(OTf)₂活化炔丙基酰胺的叁键发生分子内的环化反应构建噁唑啉中间体,由Y(OTf)₃催化1-苄基吲哚啉-2,3-二酮类化合物,继而由噁唑啉中间体与1-苄基吲哚啉-2,3-二酮类化合物发生分子间阿尔德-烯反应,实现了α-羟基酰胺噁唑衍生物的合成.优化部分的对比实验证实,Zn(OTf)₂和Y(OTf)₃的存在对于该串联反应都是必须条件.所有反应都是将各反应物和试剂一次性加入,在空气氛围下100℃加热进行反应.该方法反应条件简单、原子经济性高、官能团兼容性好,对噁唑衍生物合成具有重要的意义.     

对炔丙氧基苯基噁唑啉的合成及改性苯并噁嗪树脂的研究

通过四步法合成了对炔丙氧基苯基噁唑啉(p-propynyloxyphenyl-2-oxazoline简称POPO),采用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)和元素分析证实了其分子结构,以示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析(TGA)揭示了其固化行为和热分解性质,该化合物熔点为120℃,起始固化温度为200℃,固化峰值温度为280℃,自固化产物5 wt%热失重温度为321℃.在此基础上,通过溶液共混法制备了双酚A型苯并噁嗪(BZ)/对炔丙氧基苯基噁唑啉(POPO)共聚树脂,且对其固化机理、固化产物的热分解性质和动态力学性能进行考察.结果表明,该噁唑啉作为交联剂,与苯并噁嗪发生开环聚合和自身炔基发生三聚成环反应,使固化产物的交联密度增加,DSC、TG和动态热机械分析(DMA)表明噁唑啉的引入提高了固化树脂的热性能和动态力学性能.且在噁唑啉含量为10 wt%时,固化树脂的综合性能较优,较之纯的双酚A型苯并噁嗪树脂,起始固化温度从215℃降低至180℃,残碳率从28%提高至44%,玻璃化转变温度从166℃提高至186℃.     

过渡金属催化苯并-2,1-异噁唑的环化反应研究进展

含氮杂环常见于天然产物、药物和材料分子中,也是人体内多种氨基酸和激素的主要结构单元.近年来,苯并-2,1-异噁唑作为有效的胺化试剂被广泛应用于胺化、环化反应中.尤其是过渡金属催化的苯并-2,1-异噁唑的胺化-环化反应,已经成为构建C—N键和合成含氮杂环的强有力工具,也引起越来越多研究者的兴趣和关注.本文概述了近年来过渡金属催化苯并-2,1-异噁唑环化反应的相关研究,并对该研究领域存在的问题和难点进行简要的展望.     

含苯并噁唑环氧树脂的合成、固化动力学及热性能

通过两步法制备了两种含苯并噁唑结构的环氧树脂双苯并二噁唑型环氧(DAROH-O)树脂与双酚A型苯并噁唑环氧(HOH-O)树脂,采用红外光谱和氢核磁共振波谱分析对树脂的结构进行了表征。结果表明:当以二氨基二苯基甲烷(DDM)为固化剂时,对于DAROH-O/DDM体系,采用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算得到的表观反应活化能分别为176.92kJ/mol和175.36kJ/mol;对于HOH-O/DDM体系,采用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算得到的表观反应活化能分别为198.45kJ/mol和196.15kJ/mol。热重分析结果表明这两种环氧树脂固化物的耐热性能均远高于普通双酚A环氧树脂/DDM固化物的耐热性能。固化物的失重过程包括两个阶段,第一阶段的分解出现在350～370℃,第二阶段的分解发生在600℃左右,属于苯并噁唑环的分解。     

聚苯并双噁唑酰亚胺的热分解动力学研究

采用二步法合成了以2,6-二(对-氨基苯)苯[1,2-d;5,4-d’]二噁唑和1,4-二(3,4-二苯氧基)苯四甲酸二酐(HQDPA)为单体的聚苯并双噁唑酰亚胺.该聚酰亚胺的预聚体聚酰胺酸的黏度为1.70 dL/g,经过热环化后能够生成浅黄色的聚酰亚胺薄膜.通过热重分析法研究了聚苯并双噁唑酰亚胺在N2气氛中的热降解机理.采用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa和Friedman法计算了聚苯并双噁唑酰亚胺热降解表观活化能,分别为356.36kJ/mol和370.54 kJ/mol,平均值为363.45 kJ/mol;反应级数为4.22,指前因子为6.44×1016s-1.采用Coast-Redfern法和Phadnis-Deshpande法研究了聚苯并双噁唑酰亚胺的热降解固相反应机理,认为该聚酰亚胺的热降解机理属于反曲线(A3)机理,是成核和增长模式(Avrami equation 2方程)控制的热降解反应,积分形式为g(X)=[-ln(1-X)]3.     

Molecular composite films from polybenzoxazole and crosslinked polymer matrixes

Films consisting of a rigid-rod polymer and thermoset resin matrixes were prepared. Poly{(benzo[1,2-d : 5,4-d′]bis(oxazole-2,6-diyl))-1,4-phenylene} (PBO) in polyphosphoric acid (PPA) was blended with 2,6-bis(4-benzocyclobutene) benzo[1,2- d : 5,4-d′]bis(oxazole) ( 1 ), and films were extruded from these solutions. The coagulated films were soluble in methanesulfonic acid (MSA). After heat treatment at 300°C, the films became insoluble in MSA. Crosslinked films were homogeneous and did not show phase segregation between the two components. These were composite films at the molecular level. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed enhanced interlayer integrity and reduced microfibril separation for the molecular composite films as compared to normal PBO film. These films had significantly better torsion and tension delamination resistance. The incorporation of a second component did not sacrifice the tensile properties of PBO film. Thermal stability of these composite films was only slightly lower than that of normal PBO film. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35 : 2157–2165, 1997     

One-dimensional Coordination Polymers of rctt-1,3-Diphenyl-2,4-bis[2-(5-phenyl)-oxazolyl]cyclobutane with CuCl2 and CoCl2

The Cu(Ⅱ) and Co(Ⅱ) supramolecular coordination polymers,[CuCl2(DPO)-(CH3CN)0.5(CH2Cl2)0.5]n(CuDPO,DPO=rctt-1,3-diphenyl-2,4-bis[2-(5-phenyl)oxazolyl]cyclo-butane) and [CoCl2(DPO)]n(CoDPO),were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method.CuDPO crystallizes in monoclinic,space group P21/n,with a=11.243(5),b=16.070(8),c=19.872(9) ,β=95.678(10)°,Z=4,V=3573(3) 3,C35.50H28.50Cl3CuN2.50O2,Mr=692.00,Dc=1.287 g/cm3,μ=0.868 mm-1,F(000)=1420,S=1.089,(△/σ)max=0.069,the final R=0.0682 and wR=0.1749.CoDPO is of monoclinic,space group P21/n,with a=11.396(4),b=15.151(5),c=17.673(6) ,β=90.528(6)°,Z=4,V=3051.4(17) 3,C34H26Cl2CoN2O2,Mr=624.40,Dc=1.359 g/cm3,μ=0.770 mm-1,F(000)=1284,S=0.981,(△/σ)max=0.001,the final R=0.0471 and wR=0.0961.In each case,the metal cation is coordinated by two Cl anions and two N atoms from oxazole ring of the ligands,which leads to the formation of a one-dimensional polymeric structure.It is found that the cyclobutane ring of coordinated DPO adopts a distorted conformation in the crystal,which is attributed to the increased steric effect between adjacent aryl substituents for the coordination of oxazole ring to metal cation.Thermal gravimetric analysis of the two complexes was also observed.     

Photochemistry synthesis. Part 2: Enantiomerically pure polyhydroxy-1,1,3-triarylpropan-2-ols

A new method to open the heterocyclic ring of flavan-3-ols via photolytic cleavage of the ether bond, with stereoselective trapping of the intermediates with phloroglucinol to obtain phloroglucinol grafted derivatives of flavan-3-ols, was developed. Photolysis of catechin and epicatechin, respectively, in the presence of phloroglucinol yielded the enantiomeric (1S,2S)- and (1R,2R)-1,3-di(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propan-2-ols, respectively. The absolute configuration at C-1 and C-2 was determined by electronic circular dichroism (experimental and calculated) and these results confirmed that the trapping mechanism is controlled by the C-3 configuration of the flavan-3-ol.     

The diazo route to diazonamide A. Studies on the indole bis-oxazole fragment

[structure: see text] Various approaches to the indole bis-oxazole fragment of the marine secondary metabolite diazonamide A are described, all of which feature dirhodium(II)-catalyzed reactions of diazocarbonyl compounds in key steps. Thus, 3-bromophenylacetaldehyde is converted into an alpha-diazo-beta-ketoester, dirhodium(II)-catalyzed reaction of which with N-Boc-valinamide resulted in N-H insertion of the intermediate rhodium carbene to give a ketoamide that readily underwent cyclodehydration to give (S)-2-(1-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-methylpropyl]-5-(3-bromobenzyl)oxazole-4-carboxamide, after ammonolysis of the initially formed ester. This aryl bromide was then coupled to a 3-formyl-indole-4-boronate under Pd catalysis to give the expected biaryl. Subsequent conversion of the aldehyde group into a second alpha-diazo-beta-ketoester gave a substrate for an intramolecular carbene N-H insertion, although attempts to effect this cyclization were unsuccessful. A second approach to an indole bis-oxazole involved an intermolecular rhodium carbene N-H insertion, followed by oxazole formation to give (S)-2-[1-tert-(butoxycarbonylamino)-2-methylpropyl]-5-methyloxazole-4-carboxamide. A further N-H insertion of this carboxmide with the rhodium carbene derived from ethyl 2-diazo-3-[1-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)indol-3-yl]-3-oxopropanoate gave a ketoamide, cyclodehydration of which gave the desired indole bis-oxazole. Finally, the boronate formed from 4-bromotryptamine was coupled to another diazocarbonyl-derived oxazole to give the corresponding biaryl, deprotection and cyclization of which produced a macrocyclic indole-oxazole derivative. Subsequent oxidation and cyclodehydration incorporated the second oxazole and gave the macrocyclic indole bis-oxazole.     

Solvent and Media Effects on the Photophysics of Naphthoxazole Derivatives

The photophysical properties of 2‐phenyl‐naphtho[1,2‐d][1,3]oxazole, 2(4‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl)naphtho[1,2‐d][1,3]oxazole and 2(4‐N,N‐diphenylaminophenyl) naphtho[1,2‐d][1,3]oxazole were studied in a series of solvents. UV–Vis absorption spectra are insensitive to solvent polarity whereas the fluorescence spectra in the same solvent set show an important solvatochromic effect leading to large Stokes shifts. Linear solvation energy relationships were employed to correlate the position of fluorescence spectra maxima with microscopic empirical solvent parameters. This study indicates that important intramolecular charge transfer takes place during the excitation process. In addition, an analysis of the solvatochromic behavior of the UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra in terms of the Lippert–Mataga equation shows a large increase in the excited‐state dipole moment, which is also compatible with the formation of an intramolecular charge‐transfer excited state. We propose both naphthoxazole derivatives as suitable fluorescent probes to determine physicochemical microproperties in several systems and as dyes in dye lasers; consequence of their high fluorescence quantum yields in most solvents, their large molar absorption coefficients, with fluorescence lifetimes in the range 1–3 ns as well as their high photostability.     

Synthesis and properties of 2-(2-thienyl)naphtho[2,1-d]oxazole

The condensation of 2-aminonaphthalen-1-ol with thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride in 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one gave 2-(2-thienyl)naphtho[2,1-d]oxazole which was brought into electrophilic substitution reactions: nitration, bromination, sulfonation, formylation, and acylation. Depending on the conditions, the attack by electrophile was directed at both thiophene ring and naphthalene fragment in the thienylnaphthooxazole molecule.     

Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Alkenylation–Annulation of closo‐Dodecaborate Anions through Double B−H Activation at Room Temperature

1,2,3‐Trisubstituted closo‐dodecaborates with B?O, B?N, and B?C bonds as well as a fused borane oxazole ring have been synthesized by rhodium‐catalyzed direct cage B?H alkenylation and annulation of ureido boranes in the first reported example of regioselective B?H bond functionalization of the [B₁₂H₁₂]^2? cage by transition‐metal catalysis. This reaction proceeded at room temperature under ambient conditions and exhibited excellent selectivity for efficient monoalkenylation with good functional‐group tolerance. The urea moiety enabled B?H activation by acting as a directing group, was incorporated in the oxazole ring in situ, and also avoided multiple alkenylation. A possible mechanism is proposed on the basis of the isolation of a rhodium agostic intermediate and control experiments.     

Structural elucidation of two novel degradants of lurasidone and their formation mechanisms under free radical-mediated oxidative and photolytic conditions via liquid chromatography-photodiode array/ultraviolet-tandem mass spectrometry and one-dimensional/two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Lurasidone is an antipsychotic drug clinically used for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. During a mechanism-based forced degradation study of lurasidone, two novel degradation products were observed under free radical-mediated oxidative (via AIBN) and solution photolytic conditions. The structures of the two novel degradants were identified through an approach combining HPLC, LC-MSⁿ (n = 1, 2), preparative HPLC purification and NMR spectroscopy. The degradant formed under the free radical-mediated condition is an oxidative degradant with half of the piperazine ring cleaved to form two formamides; a mechanism is proposed for the formation of the novel N,N′-diformyl degradant, which should be readily applicable to other drugs that contain a piperazine moiety that is widely present in drug molecules. The degradant observed under the solution photolytic condition is identified as the photo-induced isomer of lurasidone with the benzisothiazole ring altered into a benzothiazole ring.     

Synthesis and biological activity of novel 5-(omega-aryloxyalkyl)oxazole derivatives as brain-derived neurotrophic factor inducers

A novel series of 5-(omega-aryloxyalkyl)oxazole derivatives was prepared and their effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production were evaluated in human neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. Syntheses were performed by construction of an oxazole ring as a key reaction. Most of the 5-(omega-aryloxyalkyl)oxazole derivatives markedly increased BDNF production in SK-N-SH cells. 4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5-[3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]-1, 3-oxazole, one of the most promising compounds, showed potent activity (EC(50)=7.9 microM) and the improvement of the motor nerve conduction velocity and the tail-flick response accompanied by a recovery of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in the sciatic nerve of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats.     

Researches on oxazoles

Bromine, and, for the first time, iodine, are inserted at various positions in the 1, 3-oxazole ring by halogenating mercury derivatives of oxazole. Thus, unlike what is obtained by direct halogenation, halogen derivatives of oxazole are available independently of alkyl or phenyl substituents already present in the ring. Direct halogenation of phenyl-substituted oxazoles is reviewed, and in this connection 2, 4-diphenyloxazole is brominated directly. -Bromo derivatives of 1, 3-oxazole are also synthesized.For Part I see [1].