无模板剂条件下ZSM-5与丝光沸石之间的可控转晶

采用预晶化液添加法,即将高温(190oC)预晶化液添加到低温(150oC)晶化母液中合成沸石分子筛,考察了高温预晶化液的Na2O:SiO2比、预晶化时间以及低温晶化母液的Na2O:SiO2比对ZSM-5与丝光沸石之间转晶的影响,并采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对合成的产物进行了表征.研究发现,通过调节整体合成液的Na2O:SiO2比可有效控制ZSM-5沸石与丝光沸石之间的转晶.当整体合成液的组成为xNa2O:100SiO2:2.5Al2O3:12SO42?:4000H2O时,Na2O:SiO2=0.18是ZSM-5沸石和丝光沸石的一个分界线.通过调节母液的Na含量,使Na2O:SiO2>0.18时,高温预晶化过程中产生MFI结构的晶体在低温晶化时可向丝光沸石发生转晶;当Na2O:SiO2≤0.18时,具有MFI和丝光沸石结构共生的晶体在低温晶化时向MFI结构的ZSM-5沸石发生转晶.ZSM-5与丝光沸石之间转晶的前提条件是高温预晶化所形成晶体的结晶度不能太高(≤30%).另外,整体合成液中Na2O含量对生成晶体的形貌也有影响.     

导向剂法合成β沸石的晶化机制研究

采用导向剂法合成了β沸石。在导向剂中存在β沸石微晶核,晶化过程中β沸石只能在一个较窄的硅铝比范围内形成;模板剂ＴＥＳＡＯＨ仅存在于β沸石微晶核中。在β沸石合成过程中,水合钠离子不仅起着平衡沸石骨架负电荷的作用,并且在β沸石的晶体生长过程中起到一定程度的结构导向作用。     

无有机模板条件下晶种导向合成微孔分子筛晶体材料

沸石分子筛晶体材料(例如Beta, ZSM-34)由于具有独特的物理及化学性质, 被广泛应用于催化、吸附与分离、离子交换等领域. 一般来说, 大多数分子筛晶体材料需要在有机模板剂存在的条件下合成. 然而, 有机模板剂的使用会带来很多问题, 例如, 提高分子筛晶体材料的合成成本、在高温煅烧去除模板剂的过程中, 消耗大量的能量以及带来环境污染. 因此, 开发无有机模板剂合成沸石分子筛新路线具有十分重要的研究意义和实用价值. 近年来, 我们研究小组首先开发了无有机模板条件下晶种导向合成分子筛的新方法, 相继合成出了Beta, ZSM-34, FER和LEV等微孔分子筛晶体材料. 将对这几种沸石的合成进行简要的评论.     

无有机模板剂条件下合成沸石催化材料

工业上广泛应用的某些沸石催化材料,如ZSM-5和β沸石,通常是在有机模板剂存在条件下合成的,但合成过程常常会造成环境污染以及CO2和氮氧化物的排放.如果能在无有机模板剂条件下合成这些材料,则不仅在基础研究上具有重要意义,而且在工业应用方面也具有经济和环保价值.本文对最近有关无有机模板剂合成沸石材料的一些突破性进展进行了综述,并重点讨论了调节起始凝胶配比、使用导向剂溶液以及使用晶种导向合成等路线.     

多孔玻璃粉在蒸汽相中自转晶合成含硼CF-2沸石

在甲胺和水的蒸汽相中，多孔玻璃粉自转晶为高结晶度纯相含硼TON类型的CF- 2沸石。~(11)B MAS NMR证明硼原子基本上进入了沸石骨架。扫描电镜照片显示， 合成的CF-2沸石中既有单个晶体，也有由许多单个晶体构成的扇形聚集体。单个晶 体呈长条形。     

沸石分子筛的生成机理与晶体生长 VIII:欧姆 型沸石的晶化

In this paper, a systematic study of crystallization of \O\ zeolite is reported namely, the crystallization phase region of \O\ zeolite in (TMA)2O-Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system under the temperature of 140`C, the conditions of synthesis of the pure phase of \O\ zeolite as well as the kinetics of crystal growth of \Ot zeolite in non-spontaneous crystallization condition and the kinetics of crystallization in spontaneous nucleation system.     

无模板剂法制备沸石分子筛和分子筛膜的研究进展

随着新无机材料和处理技术的发展,无有机模板剂法制备沸石分子筛和分子筛膜得到了广泛的关注.与有模板剂法相比,无有机模板剂法保持了沸石晶体的结晶度和骨架结构,合成过程更加简单、廉价和绿色.尤其无模板剂二次生长法制备分子筛膜避免了分子筛膜在高温煅烧脱除模板剂过程中缺陷的产生.本文作者综述了国内外制备沸石分子筛和分子筛膜的研究进展,着重介绍了晶种诱导法、自发成核法和晶型转化法制备沸石分子筛,以及无模板剂二次生长法制备分子筛膜,分析了存在的问题和可能的解决措施,并对其发展趋势进行了展望.     

无有机模板剂体系水热合成Beta沸石中晶种的导向机理(英文)

在无有机模板剂体系中研究了不同硅铝比和晶粒度Beta沸石晶种的结构导向行为,采用X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜、紫外-拉曼光谱、红外光谱和N2物理吸附等方法对不同晶化时间固相产物和Beta沸石产物进行了表征.结果表明,不同Beta沸石晶种,包括全硅晶种,均能够导向合成Beta沸石,而且晶种在晶化诱导期都发生溶解.但是,晶种的硅铝比、晶粒度、预处理(焙烧)以及晶种加入的时间对晶种的溶解行为、Beta沸石晶化过程和产物都有重要影响.形貌研究还发现,含铝晶种不仅溶解后的残体通过提供晶核聚集的"固载化"表面导向了新生Beta沸石小晶体的密集生长,而且溶解下来的结构片段也提供了分散的晶核导向形成相对分散的Beta沸石小晶体;全硅晶种则仅通过溶解下来的结构片段提供分散的晶核.在无模板体系中,使用适当高硅铝比、小晶粒和经过焙烧处理的Beta沸石作为晶种有利于合成得到高结晶度的Beta沸石纯相.     

无有机模板剂体系水热合成Beta沸石中晶种的导向机理(英文)

在无有机模板剂体系中研究了不同硅铝比和晶粒度Beta沸石晶种的结构导向行为,采用X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜、紫外-拉曼光谱、红外光谱和N2物理吸附等方法对不同晶化时间固相产物和Beta沸石产物进行了表征.结果表明,不同Beta沸石晶种,包括全硅晶种,均能够导向合成Beta沸石,而且晶种在晶化诱导期都发生溶解.但是,晶种的硅铝比、晶粒度、预处理(焙烧)以及晶种加入的时间对晶种的溶解行为、Beta沸石晶化过程和产物都有重要影响.形貌研究还发现,含铝晶种不仅溶解后的残体通过提供晶核聚集的"固载化"表面导向了新生Beta沸石小晶体的密集生长,而且溶解下来的结构片段也提供了分散的晶核导向形成相对分散的Beta沸石小晶体;全硅晶种则仅通过溶解下来的结构片段提供分散的晶核.在无模板体系中,使用适当高硅铝比、小晶粒和经过焙烧处理的Beta沸石作为晶种有利于合成得到高结晶度的Beta沸石纯相.     

无有机模板快速合成ECR-1沸石

成功地在无有机模板剂的条件下快速合成了硅铝沸石分子筛ECR-1,其合成温度为120 oC,反应时间为4天,这与传统的无有机模板合成需要14天的反应时间相比,其生长周期大大缩短,该现象归属于它们的晶体生长机理的区别. 进一步,通过红外光谱、氮气吸附、扫描电镜、ICP及核磁等表征手段对产品的物理化学性能进行了系统表征,同时以异丙苯裂化作探针反应考察了产品的催化裂化性能.     

用水热法在氧化铝陶瓷膜管上原位合成丝光沸石膜

The mordenite membrane was prepared on a α-Al 2O 3 tube by in situ hydrothermal synthesis. The crystallization was carried out at 443 K for 2～4 days. Silica sol and sodium aluminate were used as the sources of silica and alumina, respectively, and tetraethylammonium bromide (TEABr) as the template. The molar composition of the parent solution was 11 4Na 2O∶1 0Al 2O 3∶40SiO 2∶2500H 2O∶1 5TEABr. SEM and XRD were used to characterize the powder product and the composite membrane. The synthesized mordenite membrane proved to be in a full coverage and an excellent intergrowth. The mordenite crystals were about 20～30 μm and the thickness of the mordenite membrane was 30～40 μm. Based on the SEM pictures of the membrane in the early stage of hydrothermal synthesis, a growth model for the mordenite membrane was assumed. At first a gel layer was formed on the surface of the alumina tube. Nucleation took place in the gel layer but not at the interface of the gel layer and bulk solution. The gel layer provided the nutrients for the growth of zeolite crystals. After the gel layer was consumed completely, the zeolite crystals or membrane were exposed to the bulk solution. The membrane separation test on the mordenite membrane showed that the permeances of pure H 2 and N 2 at 298 K were 6 92×10 -7 and 1 81×10 -7 mol/(m 2·s·Pa), respectively. The ideal selectivity of H 2/N 2 was 3 82, which is higher than that of Knudsen mechanism. It suggested that the mordenite membrane had the ability of molecular sieving.     

沸石分子筛合成由微孔向中孔的飞跃

介绍了沸石分子筛合成由微孔向中孔的发展及中孔分子筛的合成近况, 比较了两类材料在合成、机理及模板作用的特殊性等方面的差异。     

莫来石管上丝光沸石膜的合成与渗透汽化性能

采用不添加有机模板剂、配比为n_(Na_2O):n_(Al_2O_3):n_(SiO_3):n_(H_2O)=0.25:0.015～0.1:1:15～60溶胶,在涂有晶种的多孔莫来石管上水热合成出了丝光沸石膜。制备的膜经XRD和SEM表征。考察了合成时间、硅铝比、水硅比和硅源等因素对膜生长及其性能的影响。合成时间的延长有利于丝光沸石c轴方向的优先生长,然而优先取向生长膜层并未提高膜在水/乙醇分离体系中的渗透通量和选择性。优化条件下合成的膜具有较高的渗透汽化性能,在348 K、水/乙醇(10/90,W/W)混合溶液中的渗透通量和分离因子分别为0.70 kg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)。和860。基于XRD和SEM表征结果,高的渗透汽化性能可归结于在莫来石支撑层与较为疏松的表面晶体层之间形成的致密中间层。     

双组元Y／MCM-41中微孔复合分子筛的合成和表征

通过原位处理分步晶化、水热合成的方法，首次从NaY凝胶出发制备了含有Y和 MCM-41两种分子筛成分的Y/MCM-41中微孔复合分子筛新材料，考察了合成条件对复 合分子筛晶化的影响。利用层厚法和相对结晶度工作曲线法确定了复合材料中两种 分子筛的相对含量。通过XRD，MAS NMR，SEM，XPS，IR，N_2吸附脱附、热处理等 手段对复合材料进行了表征，并与MCM-41和Y型分子筛的有关性能进行了对比研究 。结果表明，复合分子筛材料的热和水热稳定性高于相同分子筛比例的机械混合样 品。与机械混合物样品相比，其中孔表现出孔径缩小、也道规整性变差、孔壁增厚 和部发结晶化的特点，复合材料中两种分子筛之间存在界面效应，推测Y/MCM-41复 合分子筛材具有“包覆式”结构特征。以模型化合物理学，3，5-三异丙基为进料 考察了其催化裂化活性，中微孔复合分子筛的催化裂化活性优于机械混合样品。     

TEM investigation of the microporous compound VSB-1: Building units and crystal growth mechanisms

Surface fine structure and structural defects in the open framework material VSB-1 have been investigated by electron microscopy. Crystal growth phenomena are proposed by a building unit model: (i) a unit is formed by two building units; (ii) they are linked to form first channels; and (iii) the whole network is grown via a layer-by-layer growth mechanism. A planar defect was observed in high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image taken with the [0001] incidence, and diffuse streaks related to the presence of defects were observed in a series of electron diffraction (ED) patterns. The microstructure model derived from the defect structure gives information on crystal growth. These defects highlight an open site that could be the pillar of a new crystal growth process. The study of defects and crystal growth is important in understanding physical properties such as catalytic or magnetic properties, and in synthesising a new open framework structure.     

Structural,Hirshfeld surface and spectroscopic studies of the noncentrosymmetric 1-ethylpiperazinediium pentachloroantimonate (III) monohydrate

1-Ethylpiperazinediium pentachloroantimonate (III) monohydrate, C₆H₁₆N₂SbCl₅·H₂O, has been synthesized by the reaction of antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃) and 1-ethylpiperazine in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid. The structure crystallizes in orthorhombic system, in the non-centrosymmetric space group Pca2₁ and consists of isolated [C₆H₁₆N₂]²⁺ cations, square pyramidal [SbCl₅]²⁻ anions and lattice water molecules. OH⋯Cl hydrogen bonds link the [SbCl₅]²⁻ anions and water molecules to form double chains stretching along the [101] direction. The chains in turn are linked to the organic cations via NH⋯Cl, CH⋯Cl, CH⋯O and NH⋯O hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network. This structure presents an example of a general square pyramidal complex ion containing a stereo-chemically active lone pair of electrons. Solid state ¹³C and ¹⁵N CP-MAS NMR spectra are in agreement with the X-ray structure, and vibrational absorption bands were identified by infrared spectroscopy. DFT calculations allowed the attribution of the NMR peaks and IR absorption bands. The interactions variability of the two independent cations and ten chloride atoms is analyzed via Hirshfeld surface analysis.     

离子热合成磷铝分子筛

AlPO-11 molecular sieve with AEL structure was ionothermally synthesized using ionic liquid solvent as medium. The effects of ionic liquid amount, synthesis time and temperature were investigated. The structure and characteristics of molecular sieve samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD)，scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermo gravimetric analysis(TGA). The results indicate that AlPO-11 molecular sieve could be synthesized by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Emim]Br) ionic liquid as both the solvent and template.     

Na0.5La0.5TiO3的水热法合成及其表征

通过控制反应物摩尔比、晶化温度和时间以及体系的碱度等重要因素,用水热法在温和的条件下合成了Na0.5La0.5TiO3;结构分析表明单相的Na0.5La0.5TiO3是具有立方对称性的钙钛矿型化合物,晶胞参数为3.875(。A);初步认为该化合物合成过程为溶解-沉淀机理.     

Combinatorial Material Libraries on the Microgram Scale with an Example of Hydrothermal Synthesis

In a 8-μL multichambered microreactor (the photo shows the components) material libraries can be produced in a simple manner through combinatorial hydrothermal synthesis. In a model experiment the synthesis of the zeolite TS-1 has been varied combinatorially. The resulting library is characterized directly by automated microdiffraction.     

Ti-HMS分子筛的合成与表征

 以十二胺(DDA)为模板剂,采用室温晶化合成了钛硅中孔分子筛Ti-HMS,并用XRD,IR,UV-Vis和N2吸附对分子筛样品进行了表征,考察了配料硅/钛比、模板剂用量及晶化时间对合成分子筛的影响. 结果表明,Ti-HMS分子筛具有较大的比表面,孔径约为3 nm. 随着配料硅/钛比的降低,Ti-HMS分子筛的比表面积减小,进入骨架的钛量增多,且非骨架钛也增多. n(DDA)/n(SiO2)≤0.22时,随着模板剂用量的减少,Ti-HMS分子筛的结晶度下降,骨架钛含量减少,非骨架钛含量增加. 晶化时间在9~18 h最佳.