一步法电化学沉积Cu(In1-x,Gax)Se2薄膜的特性

在CuCl2、InCl3、GaCl3及H2SeO3组成的酸性水溶液电沉积体系中, 对Mo/玻璃衬底上一步法电沉积Cu(In1-x, Gax)Se2(简写为CIGS)薄膜进行了研究. 为了稳定溶液的化学性质, 在溶液中加入邻苯二甲酸氢钾和氨基磺酸作为pH缓冲剂, 将溶液的pH值控制在约2.5, 并提高薄膜中Ga的含量. 通过大量实验优化了溶液组成及电沉积条件, 得到接近化学计量比贫Cu 的CIGS薄膜(当Cu与In+Ga的摩尔比为1时, 称为符合化学计量比的CIGS薄膜; 当其比值为0.8-1时, 称为贫Cu或富In的CIGS 薄膜)预置层, 薄膜表面光亮、致密、无裂纹. 利用循环伏安法初步研究了一步法电沉积CIGS薄膜的反应机理, 在沉积过程中, Se4+离子先还原生成单质Se, 再诱导Cu2+、Ga3+和In3+发生共沉积. 电沉积CIGS薄膜预置层在固态硒源280 ℃蒸发的硒气氛中进行硒化再结晶, 有效改善了薄膜的结晶结构, 且成份基本不发生变化,但是表面会产生大量的裂纹.     

Cu(SCN)2-水系电沉积制备CuSCN薄膜

Cu(SCN)2-水系电沉积制备CuSCN薄膜;p-CuSCN薄膜;电化学沉积;EDTA     

宽带隙Cu(In,Al)Se2薄膜的制备及表征

以特殊脉冲电沉积方法制备CuInSe2(CIS)前驱体薄膜, 通过真空蒸镀法在CIS薄膜上沉积Al膜, 经硒化退火后在氧化铟锡(ITO)基底上制备了Cu(InAl)Se2(CIAS)薄膜. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)对其形貌、结构、成分及光学吸收性质进行了表征. 结果表明, 制备的CIAS薄膜颗粒均匀, 表面平整致密, 呈黄铜矿结构. 薄膜在可见光区具有良好的吸收, 带隙约为1.65 eV.     

碲在金衬底上的不可逆吸附行为及其欠电位沉积机制的研究

研究了碲在金衬底上的不可逆吸附行为特征及其对碲原子欠电位沉积行为的影响. 同时也探讨了碲原子于金衬底上的欠电位沉积机制. 结果显示在开路条件下碲原子在金衬底表面具有不可逆的吸附行为, 证实了在金的双电层范围内很难将这种碲的吸附物移走. 为了完全移走碲的吸附物, 需要采用特定的电化学清洗程序. 发现碲的吸附物移走发生在电位循环至金的氧化区域, 且在该区域这种碲的吸附物移走与金的表面氧化同时发生. 扫描速率分析结果证实碲欠电位沉积在金表面符合Sanchez-Maestre模型的三个标准, 说明碲原子于金衬底上欠电位沉积符合二维形核和生长机制.     

半导体硅上电沉积Cu/Co层状薄膜

由磁性层和非磁性层组成的人工调制层状结构多层膜,其物性和磁性都表现出与其它结构的多层膜显著不同的特点,如巨磁阻效应［’,‘l、易磁性方向的改变等”］．其性能的研究不但在磁性理论上具有重大意义,而且有望应用于高性能的磁阻敏感设备及提高磁记录密度等．因而近年来有关这方面的研究越来越引起人们的重视．目前,磁性多层膜的制备主要采用气相沉积、磁控溅射、分子束外延等真空技术．由于电沉积技术具有设备简单、操作方便等特点而成为制备多层膜的颇具活力的工艺．CO／Cll多层膜在C。层厚度较薄时具有较高室温巨磁阻（GMR）…     

双槽法电沉积Cu/Ni多层纳米线有序阵列

以多孔阳极氧化铝（AAO）为模板，采用双槽法电沉积工艺制得高度有序的Cu/Ni多层纳米线阵列。利用扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）对Cu/Ni多层纳米线进行了表征，观察到纳米线表面平滑，多层结构清晰，各子层厚度均匀，直径约为 100 nm，与AAO模板孔径基本一致。由选区电子衍射（SAED）照片可知，多层纳米线中Cu层和Ni层均为单晶结构。振动样品磁强计（VSM）测试结果表明，Cu/Ni多层纳米线阵列具有明显的垂直磁各向异性，外加磁场垂直和平行于AAO模板表面时，磁滞回线的矩形比分别为 0.701 和 0.101 ，矫顽力分别为 589 Oe和 202 Oe。通过控制铝阳极氧化工艺及电沉积时间，可获得不同直径、不同子层厚度的Cu/Ni多层纳米线阵列。     

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4薄膜太阳电池研究进展

CdTe和Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ (CIGSSe)光吸收材料在新型化合物半导体太阳电池研究中占据着主导地位。尽管CdTe和CIGS太阳电池拥有较高的转换效率和先进的技术,但是仍存在着一些问题,如所用材料中的元素地壳丰度低或有毒,这阻碍了其未来的大规模应用。近年来,由于Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ (CZTSSe)薄膜太阳电池使用的元素地壳含量丰富且环境友好,逐渐成为了研究的热点。CZTSSe光吸收材料被认为能够取代CdTe和CIGS成为下一代光伏技术的潜力材料。基于此,本文将简单介绍CZTSSe材料的结构、性质和制备方法。重点阐述CZTSSe材料的组装技术和沉积方法的发展和优势,如基于真空的沉积方法和基于溶液的沉积方法,简述其优缺点。此外,本文对CZTSSe组装和CZTSSe纳米晶制备方法的最新研究进展也进行了总结。最后,对CZTSSe光伏技术的一些限制因素进行了分析,并对CZTSSe薄膜电池未来的研究前景进行了展望。     

Cu(Ⅱ)-VO(Ⅱ)异双核Schiff碱配合物的合成、电化学和磁学性质

Cu(Ⅱ)-VO(Ⅱ)异双核Schiff碱配合物的合成、电化学和磁学性质;循环伏安法     

一种金属单晶电极制备方法的建立和Cu2+在铂单晶上UPD过程的研究

同种材料而表面结构不同的电极往往有完全不同的电化学性能.使用在原子水平上表面结构明确的单晶电极不仅有助于对电极表面吸脱附过程、电场作用下表面结构重组、双电层微观结构、分子水平上的反应机理等基础理论进行深入研究,且对高选择性、高效电催化剂的研制也有指导意义.单晶电化学研究的基础就是制备定向不同的单晶电极.本文建立了金属单晶电极制备方法,并报道了Cu²⁺在Pt单晶电极上UPD(欠电位沉积)过程的研究结果.     

Sb在Cu单晶电极上欠电位沉积的电化学和现场STM研究

应用循环伏安法和现场扫描隧道显微镜研究了在HClO4和H2SO4两种溶液中Sb于Cu(111)和Cu(100)电极上的欠电位沉积.结果表明,不同的表面原子排列和强吸附阴离子的存在将明显影响Sb的欠电位沉积行为.在结构较为开放的Cu(100)表面,Sb形成的欠电位沉积层结构也较为开放,并且伴随着表面合金的形成;而在密堆积的Cu(111)表面上,Sb形成了致密的单层结构.又当Cu(111)表面存在强吸附的SO42-时,Sb原子首先在SO42-吸附层与Cu表面交接的新台阶处成核,随后通过取代SO42-向上一层晶面发展,表现出独特的成核—生长行为;而在弱吸附的HClO4溶液中,Sb的欠电位沉积系以在晶面上随机形成一些单原子层高度的Sb岛为特征.在Cu(100)表面,通过SO42-的诱导共吸附,欠电位沉积的Sb原子形成了开放性更大的(4×4)结构,不同于在HClO4溶液中所形成的(22×22)R45°结构.     

Electrochemical Examination of Copper(II) Complexes with Octaazamacrocyclic Ligand and Heterocyclic Dithiocarbamate

Mixed ligand dinuclear copper(II) complexes of the general formula [Cu₂(Rdtc)tpmc)](ClO₄)₃ with octaazamacrocyclic ligand tpmc and four different heterocyclic dithiocarbamate ligands Rdtc^?, as well as the complexes [Cu₂(tpmc)](ClO₄)₄ and [Cu(tpmc)](ClO₄)₂?2H₂O were studied in aqueous NaClO₄ and HClO₄ solutions by cyclic voltammetry on glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical properties of the ligands and Cu(II) complexes were correlated with their electronic structure. Conductometric experiments showed different stoichiometry in complexation of tpmc with Cu²⁺ ions and transport of ions in acetonitrile and in aqueous media. These studies clarified the application of this macrocyclic ligand as ionophore in a PVC membrane copper(II) selective electrode and contributed elucidation of its sensor properties.     

Evolution of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 surfaces under water immersion monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ absorbers were immerged in deionized water for different times, and specific chemical evolutions were monitored thanks to X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ related dissolution products were studied in water through induced coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. From those analyses, specific surface network disorganization was observed, with Cu migration towards the surface, leading to different kinetics of oxidation and dissolution for each element that could be quantified.     

电沉积-退火工艺制备铜铟硒太阳能电池薄膜及表征

CuInSe₂ (CIS) films with good crystalline quality were synthesized by electrodeposition followed by annealing in Se vapor at 530 oC. The morphology, composition, crystal structure, optical and electrical properties of the CIS films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy, and admittance spectroscopy. The results revealed that the annealed CIS films had chalcopyrite structure and consisted of relatively large grains in the range of 500-1000 nm and single grain of films extend usually through the whole film thickness. The band gap of CIS films was 0.98 eV and carrier concentration was in the order of 10¹⁶ cm^-3 after etching the Cu-Se compounds on the film surface. Solar cells with the structure of AZO/i-ZnO/CdS/CIS/Mo/glass were fabricated. Current density vs. voltage test under standard reported condition showed the solar cells with an area of 0.2 cm² had a conversion efficiency of 0.96%. The underlying physics was also discussed.     

纳米Pt/巯基丁二酰胺铜修饰电极的制备及其电催化活性

利用电沉积法将纳米Pt固定在巯基丁二酰胺铜(II)自组装金电极(Au/CuL)表面, 制备了一种纳米催化电极(Au/CuL/nano Pt). 分别以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、光电子能谱(XPS), 表面红外光谱(FT-IR)及电化学交流阻抗(EIS)对电极表面形貌进行了表征, 并采用循环伏安法(CV)研究了它的电化学性质. 结果表明, CuL具有良好的电化学活性并对H2O2的还原具有电催化作用, 纳米Pt可以显著增强这种催化性能. 在30 ℃、0.02 mol·L-1 PBS缓冲液(pH=6.0)中检测H2O2, 在0.00125-0.16 mmol·L-1浓度范围呈现线性响应, 相关系数为0.9960(信噪比为3), 检测极限为0.3 μmol·L-1. 该电极对H2O2电流响应灵敏度高(0.312 mA·cm-2·mmol-1·L)、检测迅速(4.3 s)、稳定性好(对46 μmol·L-1和2.8 mmol·L-1的H2O2连续测10 次, 变异系数分别为3.1%和3.9%; 保存70 d后对10 μmol·L-1 H2O2的响应为初始响应的95%).     

Synthesis,characterization, and antioxidant activities of three Cu(II) complexes with Schiff-base ligands

Cu(II) complexes of three bis(pyrrol-2-yl-methyleneamine) ligands were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, mass spectra, and IR spectra. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that [CuL³]₂ is a dinuclear complex with an extremely distorted square-planar geometry. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of the compounds have been investigated. The electrochemical properties of the Cu(II) complexes have also been studied by cyclic voltammetry. The Cu(II) complexes show similar superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared with that of the native Cu, Zn-SOD.     

二甲基[2-(2-苯并噁唑)苯酚氧基]镓、铟化合物的合成及表征

通过2-(2-苯并噁唑)-4-甲氧基苯酚、2-(2-苯并噁唑)苯酚与三甲基镓、三甲基铟反应,合成了四个新的金属有机化合物,并用元素分析、质子核磁共振谱、质谱及红外光谱等手段对化合物进行了结构表征。对其中一个化合物二甲基[2-(2-苯并噁唑)-4-甲氧基苯酚氧基]镓进行了X-衍射单晶分子结构测定,该化合物属于三斜晶系,空间群为P1。晶体学常数:a=7.4992(2)Å,b=10.199(2)Å,c=10.905(2)Å,α=110.18(3)°,β=102.23(3)°,γ=9     

Dissociative Adsorption of Water Molecules on Uncharged Surfaces of Indium(111) and Gallium

A possible mechanism of dissociative adsorption (DA) of water on the (111) surface of indium and liquid gallium is investigated within a cluster model for metal using a density functional method (B3LYP). The adsorption interaction of H and O atoms and OH group with these metals is studied. The free energy of DA of H₂ and O₂ molecules is calculated. An analysis of DA is performed both for the case of the metal/vacuum interface and with allowance made for solvation effects within a continuum approach. According to quantum-chemical calculations, DA of water on the In(111) surface is more thermodynamically probable than on gallium. In the case of indium, DA with the participation of a water dimer may have a smaller activation energy compared with DA of monomer H₂O_ads. The data obtained are used to interpret the experimentally observed nonmonotonous dependence of the work function for indium and gallium on the partial pressure of water vapor. The hypothesis about the origin of the absorption band in electroreflectance spectra for the gallium/aqueous solution interface as a result of the electron transfer from an adsorbed water molecule into the metal's conduction band is confirmed.