(Mg3N2)n(n=1～4)团簇结构与性质的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-31G*基组水平上对(Mg3N2)n(n=1～4)团簇各种可能的构型进行几何结构优化,预测了各团簇的最稳定结构.并对最稳定结构的振动特性、成键特性、电荷特性和稳定性等进行了理论分析.结果表明:(Mg3N2)n=1～4团簇易形成笼状结构,其最稳定构型中N原子配位数以3、4较多见;团簇主要由Mg-N键组成,Mg-N键长为0.194～0.218nm,Mg-Mg 键长为0.262～0.298 nm;N原子的平均自然电荷为-2.06 e,Mg原子的平均自然电荷为 1.37 e;(Mg3N2)2团簇有相对较高的动力学稳定性.     

小镍团簇Nin(n=2～6)电子结构和拓扑分析

在UBP86/TZVP水平上计算了小镍团簇(Ni<,n>,n=2～6)的稳定基态结构并用自然键轨道(NBO)和分子中的原子量子理论(QTAIM)分析了这些团簇的电子结构.计算结果表明,Ni团簇基态结构具有较高自旋多重度.QTAIM分析表明镍团簇中Ni-Ni键均为金属键.除Ni<,2>团簇中Ni-Ni键为纯粹的σ键外,其...     

SiOM(M=Li,Be,B,Na,Mg,Al)分子结构的DFT研究

利用Gaussian-94计算程序,B3LYP方法,6-311+G(2d)6d基组,对SiOM(M=Li,Be,B,Na,Mg,Al)诸体系的几何结构进行优化.结果表明,M既可与SiO中的Si键合,也可与O键合.第一和第二主族的SiOM体系以折线形构型为最稳定构型,而第三主族则以近直线形或直线形构型为最稳定构型.从Si-O间键长R_SiO、力常数f_SiO及自然键轨道分析可知,第一主族的SiOLi和SiONa的最稳定构型中SiO-M间的离子键成分较大,可近似看作离子键;而对SiOLi,SiOBe,SiOB和SiOMg体系的以Si为中心的构型,M-SiO间的离子键成分很小,不能看作离子键,可认为M与SiO之间存在着弱相互作用     

TbSin(n=2-13)团簇的结构、电子及磁学性质

利用相对论密度泛函理论在广义梯度近似下研究TbSi_n (n=2-13)团簇的结构、稳定性、电子和磁学性质. 对团簇的平均结合能、离解能、电荷转移、最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)和最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)的能级差、Mulliken 电荷分析和磁学性质进行了计算和讨论. TbSi_n团簇并没有像实验推测的那样在n=10形成嵌入式的结构. 我们推断电子亲和势的急剧变化不仅与嵌入式的结构有关, 而且与电子的固有稳定性相关.Mulliken 电荷分析表明电荷总是从Tb 原子转向Si 原子. 团簇的磁矩主要局域在Tb 原子的周围, 并且主要由f电子贡献, f 电子表现出局域性并且不参与化学成键. 以TbSi₁₀为例的分波态密度分析表明Tb与Si 原子间存在很强的sp轨道杂化.     

硅基稀土掺杂团簇MSi_7~q(M=Eu,Sm,Yb;q=0,-1)结构预测与光电子能谱研究

采用随机踢球模型结合密度泛函理论,在PBEPBE/RE/SDD/Si/6-311+G(d)水平下研究了中性和阴性的硅基稀土掺杂团簇MSi_7~q(M=Eu,Sm,Yb;q=0,-1)的几何结构、稳定性及电子和磁学性质.计算结果表明,阴性团簇的基态结构是在五角双锥的双锥侧面外法向方向加入一个Si原子而形成的3D结构,并且稀土原子M处于五角双锥的顶点;中性团簇的最低能结构是一个畸变的双帽八面体,并且M原子处于八面体的赤道面上.SmSi_7~-团簇在这3种稀土掺杂的团簇中具有最高的平均结合能和掺杂能,是这3种稀土掺杂团簇中最稳定的一种.Si_7团簇是非磁性团簇,但是当M原子(M=Eu,Sm,Yb)掺入其中时,由于镧系元素独特的原子磁性,使其变成了磁性团簇.此外,还模拟了各团簇前几种低能异构体的光电子能谱.     

过渡金属M (M=Cu,Ag, Au)对X…Cl (X = F,Cl, Br)卤键相互作用强度的影响

采用量子化学方法,通过MCH2X…ClF(M=Cu,Ag,Au;X=F,Cl,Br)和CH3X…ClF两类复合物的对比,探讨了过渡金属对卤键相互作用强度的影响.CH3X…ClF复合物只有卤键相互作用,而优化MCH2X…ClF复合物除了得到一种只含有卤键相互作用的构型外,还得到一种含有过渡金属和Cl原子相互作用的稳定构型.含有过渡金属的复合物稳定性明显增加,Ag取代的复合物稳定性增加最为明显,Cu次之,Au最不明显.X原子最负分子表面静电势(MEP)减小是复合物稳定性增加的根本原因.利用自然键轨道(NBO)及分子中原子(AIM)分析进一步对体系的分子间相互作用进行了探讨.二阶稳定化能与键鞍点处拓扑性质的计算结果与相互作用能符合得很好.     

过渡金属团簇M20和M20(PMe3)4(M=Cu,Ag,Au)的量子化学理论研究

采用从头计算MP2和DFT理论方法,对过渡金属团簇M20和M20( PMe3)4(M=Cu,Ag,Au)的几何结构、电子结构以及团簇各组成部分之间的结合能进行了研究.所研究的体系具有较大的前线轨道能隙,与C60接近,显示出特别的稳定性.考虑电子相关效应的MP2方法能够对团簇的结构给予可靠的描述.离域泛函GGA对Cu和A...     

金基二元合金团簇Au_(12)M(M=Cu,Pt,Ni)催化水煤气变换反应的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)对Au12M(M=Cu,Pt,Ni)3种合金团簇的结构稳定性、热力学稳定性和反应活性进行研究,并对金基二元合金团簇催化水煤气变换反应(WGSR)的反应机理进行探讨.研究发现,Au12Ni合金团簇的稳定性及电子活性最优.考察了WGSR在金基二元合金团簇上的氧化还原机理和羧基机理,表明Au12Cu合金团簇上WGSR按照氧化还原机理A进行,水解离后产生的OH*会继续解离为O*和H*(*代表吸附物质);Au12Pt及Au12Ni合金团簇上按照氧化还原机理B进行,2个OH*发生歧化反应.比较3种团簇上的最佳反应路径发现,Au12Cu团簇对WGSR表现出较好的催化活性.     

六核钽铑二元混合簇合物的几何和电子结构

采用密度泛函理论对六核钽、铑八面体纯簇及其混合簇的几何结构和电子性质进行了研究.计算结果表明:大部分钽铑混合簇稳定构型的对称性均较低,为C1或Cs点群,只有[Ta2Rh4Cl4H8(CN)6]4-团簇的稳定构型对称性较高,为C2h或C4v点群;混合簇的最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)与最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)能隙(ΔEH-L)均较小,介于0.52-1.00eV之间;混合簇的前线轨道主要由骨架金属原子的d电子贡献,随着Rh原子替代Ta原子个数的递增,Ta—Rh键对混合簇稳定构型所起作用逐渐增加,Ta—Ta键所起作用减小,而Rh—Rh键为非键或反键性质.     

5d过渡金属原子中心镶嵌Ag团簇M@Ag12(M=Hf～Hg)Ih和Oh构型的密度泛函理论研究

采用相对论密度泛函理论方法对Ih和Oh构型M@Ag12 (M＝Hf～Hg)的几何和电子结构进行了系统的研究. 研究表明, 原子半径之和与团簇的电子结构共同决定了M—Ag键长的大小. M@Ag12的成键能来自中心原子的嵌入能和Ag12笼子的形变能. 最高占据轨道为成键轨道的团簇比反键轨道的团簇的稳定性强. 我们发现在此系列中, Ih构型不一定总比Oh构型稳定. Hf@Ag12, Ir@Ag12, Au@Ag12和Hg@Ag12的Oh构型比Ih构型稳定.     

Al7Ag and Al7Au clusters with large highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap

The candidate structures for the ground-state geometry of the Al(7)M (M = Li, Cu, Ag, and Au) clusters are obtained within the spin-polarized density functional theory. Absorption energy, vertical ionization potential, vertical electron affinity, and the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level have been calculated to investigate the effects of doping. Doping with Ag or Au can lead to a large HOMO-LUMO gap, low electron affinity, and increased ionization potential of Al(7) cluster. In the lowest-energy structure of the Al(7)Au cluster, the Al atom binding to the Al(6)Au acts monovalent and the other six Al atoms are trivalent. Thus, the Al(7)Au cluster has 20 valence electrons, and its enhanced stability may be due to the electronic shell closure effect.     

Geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of small anion Mg-doped gold clusters: a density functional theory study

First-principle density functional theory is used for studying the anion gold clusters doped with magnesium atom. By performing geometry optimizations, the equilibrium geometries, relative stabilities, and electronic and magnetic properties of [Au(n)Mg]? (n = 1-8) clusters have been investigated systematically in comparison with pure gold clusters. The results show that doping with a single Mg atom dramatically affects the geometries of the ground-state Au(n+1)? clusters for n = 2-7. Here, the relative stabilities are investigated in terms of the calculated fragmentation energies, second-order difference of energies, and highest occupied?lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps, manifesting that the ground-state [Au(n)Mg]? and Au(n+1)? clusters with odd-number gold atoms have a higher relative stability. In particular, it should be noted that the [Au?Mg]? cluster has the most enhanced chemical stability. The natural population analysis reveals that the charges in [Au(n)Mg]? (n = 2-8) clusters transfer from the Mg atom to the Au frames. In addition, the total magnetic moments of [Au(n)Mg]? clusters exhibit an odd-even oscillation as a function of cluster size, and the magnetic effects mainly come from the Au atoms.     

Structural and electronic properties of Al12X+ (X=C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) clusters

Using the first-principles method with the generalized gradient approximation, the authors have studied the structural and electronic properties of Al(12)X(+) (X=C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) clusters in detail. The ground state of Al(12)C(+) is a low symmetry C(s) structure instead of an icosahedron. However, the Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb atom doped cationic clusters favor icosahedral structures. The ground states for Al(12)Si(+) and Al(12)Ge(+) are icosahedra, while the C(5nu) structures optimized from an icosahedron with a vertex capped by a tetravalent atom have the highest binding energy for Al(12)Sn(+) and Al(12)Pb(+) clusters. The I(h) structure and the C(5nu) structure are almost degenerate for Al(12)Ge(+), whose binding energy difference is only 0.03 eV. The electronic properties are altered much by removing an electron from the neutral cluster. The binding strength of a valence electron is enhanced, while the binding energy of the cluster is reduced much. Due to the open electronic shell, the band gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital are approximately 0.3 eV for the studied cationic clusters.     

Si4X(X=C,N,O,Si,P,S)原子簇结构的理论研究

在密度泛函B3LYP/6-311G*水平上, 对具有C3v对称的Si4X (X = C, N, O, P, S)原子簇进行了几何构型优化计算, 并讨论它们的热力学稳定性、动力学活性、Mulliken布居、SiX键长、占据价轨道的对称性以及HOMO能级位置等周期递变规律。     

What do kinetic-energy anisotropies tell us about chemical bonding? I. Diatomic hydrides

The kinetic-energy anisotropies of fifteen diatomic hydrides AH with A = H, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl are calculated from self-consistent-field wave functions constructed from extended basis sets of Slater-type orbitals. It is found that there is no consistent ordering of the bond-parallel and bond-perpendicular components of the kinetic energy with respect to separated atom values. An analysis of the orbital contributions reveals that nonbonding π orbitals make large contributions to the total kinetic-energy anisotropy. This makes it difficult, if not impossible, to deduce anything about the nature of the chemical bond from the total anisotropy. However, certain dimensionless orbital kinetic-energy anisotropies are useful for interpretative studies because, in free atoms, these quantities have fixed values that depend only on the symmetry of the orbital.     

Adsorption of molecular hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide on Au clusters

The authors present theoretical results describing the adsorption of H2 and H2S molecules on small neutral and cationic gold clusters (Au(n)((0/+1)), n=1-8) using density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation. Lowest energy structures of the gold clusters along with their isomers are considered in the optimization process for molecular adsorption. The adsorption energies of H2S molecule on the cationic clusters are generally greater than those on the corresponding neutral clusters. These are also greater than the H2 adsorption energies on the corresponding cationic and neutral clusters. The adsorption energies for cationic clusters decrease with increasing cluster size. This fact is reflected in the elongations of the Au-S and Au-H bonds indicating weak adsorption as the cluster grows. In most cases, the geometry of the lowest energy gold cluster remains planar even after the adsorption. In addition, the adsorbed molecule gets adjusted such that its center of mass lies on the plane of the gold cluster. Study of the orbital charge density of the gold adsorbed H2S molecule reveals that conduction is possible through molecular orbitals other than the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level. The dissociation of the cationic Au(n)SH2+ cluster into Au(n)S+ and H2 is preferred over the dissociation into Au(m)SH2+ and Au(n-m), where n=2-8 and m=1-(n-1). H2S adsorbed clusters with odd number of gold atoms are more stable than neighboring even n clusters.     

The Pi‐Nature of Methyl Obtained by the Natural Bond Orbital Method: Orbital‐Based Rationalizations of Site‐Dependent Substitution Effects on Fine Color‐Tuning of Luminescence

Both C‐H bonding and antibonding (σ_CH and σ*_CH) of a methyl group would contribute to the highest occupied or lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO or LUMO) in methylated derivatives of Ir(ppz)₂ 3 iq (ppz = 1‐phenylpyrazole and 3iq = isoquinoline‐3‐carboxylate). This is found by analysis of HOMO (or LUMO) formed by linear combination of bond orbitals using the natural bond orbital (NBO) method. The elevated level of HOMO (or LUMO) uniformly found for each methylated derivative, indicating the σ_CH‐destabilization outweighs the σ*_CH‐stabilization. To broaden the HOMO‐LUMO gap, methylation at a carbon having smaller contribution to HOMO and/or larger contribution to LUMO is suggested.     

Theoretical Study on the Structure and Stability of Si5X （X = Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl） Clusters

1 INTRODUCTION In the later 60s of last century, silicon substituted for germanium to present as mainstream in semicon- ductor. The semi-conductive devices made by silicon have many advantages, for example, refractory pro- perty, high radioresistance, simple and stable process- ing technic, high machinability and low cost. So it was widely used to manufacture large power appara- tuses, for instance, digit and linear integrated circuit, large scale integrated circuit (LSI), etc. Thus, th…     

Towards ultra small noble metal nanoparticles: testing Jellium model for ligand protected copper and silver M13 core nanoparticles

The bare M and ligand-protected nanoparticles M(25)(SR) and M(13)(PR)(10)Cl (M = Au, Ag, Cu) are investigated using the density functional theory. There are strong interactions between the metal core atoms and the ligands. It is found that the electronic structures agree well with the Jellium model for gold and copper nanoparticles. The superatoms's S and P orbitals are shown. However for silver ones, as the adding of the ligands, the S orbital of the nanoparticle disappears. The binding energy of these nanoparticles are also obtained by our calculation. The Au nanoparticles are most stable, the Cu ones take second place, and the Ag ones are the third stable. Our results could be essential for further understanding of the properties of ligand-protected isolated superatoms.