Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Chromium (VI) by Oxidation of Sodium Pyrogallol-5-sulphonate by Hydrogen Peroxide

Summary. A new selective, sensitive, and simple kinetic method is developed for the determination of trace amounts of chromium (VI). The method is based on the catalytic effect of Cr(VI) on the reaction of sodium pyrogallol-5-sulphonate (PS) with hydrogen peroxide. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by tracing the oxidation product at 437nm within 1min after addition of H₂O₂. The optimum reaction conditions are PS (1.32·10^–3mol·dm^–3), H₂O₂ (0.32mol·dm^–3), HClO₄ (2.6·10^–3mol·dm^–3) at 25°C. Following this procedure, chromium (VI) can be determined with a linear calibration graph up to 0.25ng·cm^–3 and a detection limit of 0.024ng·cm^–3, based on the 3 criterion. The interference effect of several species was also investigated and it was found that the most common cations and anions do not interfere with the determination. The developed procedure was successfully applied to the determination of Cr(VI) and total Cr in river waters and total Cr in herbal samples.     

Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Pharmaceutical Samples by Oxidation of Ponceau 4R by Hydrogen Peroxide

A new sensitive and simple kinetic method is developed for determination of traces of ascorbic acid based on its activated effect on oxidation of trisodium‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐(4‐sulphonato‐1‐naphthylazo)naphthalene‐6,8‐disulphonato (red artificial color Ponceau 4R) by hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of Cu(II) as catalyst, in borate buffer. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by tracing the oxidation product at 478.4 nm within 1 min after addition of H₂O₂. The optimum reaction conditions are: borate buffer (pH = 11.00), Ponceau 4R (9.6·10^?6 mol/L), H₂O₂ (2·10^?2 mol/L), Cu(II) (8·10^?7 mol/L) at 22 °C. Following this procedure, ascorbic acid can be determined with a linear calibration graph up to 1.76 ng/mL and a detection limit of 0.28, based on 3S criterion. The relative error ranges between 6.77‐1.66% for the concentration interval of ascorbic acid 1.76‐17.61 ng/mL. The effects of certain foreign ions upon the reaction rate were determined for an assessment of the selectivity of the method. The method was applied for determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical samples, and spectrophotometric method was used like an comparative method.     

Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Chromium(VI) in Mass Chromium(III)

There is little conclusive evidence of the toxic effects of Cr(III) so far, but Cr(VI) has carcinogenic activity, so the analysis of the chromine ions is very important in environmental research and the quality control of industry products. Usually Cr(III) and Cr(VI) interfere with each other in the species analysis, the measurement of Cr(VI) of numerous previous papers is related to the Cr(VI) samples, which contain a little Cr(III). When the amount of trivalent chromine exceeds ten …     

H_2O_2氧化橙黄G和间甲酚紫褪色光度法测定痕量Co~(2+)

在NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液中,利用痕量Co2+对H2O2氧化橙黄G(OG)和间甲酚紫(m-CP)混合指示剂的褪色反应具有催化作用,通过测量500nm和575nm波长处催化和非催化体系吸光度的变化值,建立了双波长双指示剂催化动力学光度法测定痕量Co2+的新方法。该方法的线性范围为0.004~0.04μg/mL,检出限为3.0×10-5μg/mL,用于维生素B12针剂中痕量Co2+的测定,回收率为95.8%~102.8%。     

间羧基偶氮羧光度法测定痕量铬的研究

研究了间羧基偶氮羧与Cr2 O2 -7的褪色反应 ,建立了一种新的测定痕量Cr(VI)的光度方法 .发现其在高氯酸介质中具有高灵敏的褪色反应 ,摩尔吸收系数达到 3 .5× 10 6L/mol·cmCr(VI)量在 0～ 48μg范围内符合比尔定律     

过氧化氢氧化桑色素动力学荧光法测定痕量钴(Ⅱ)

建立了以Co(Ⅱ)为催化剂,催化过氧化氢氧化桑色素,使其荧光减弱的催化动力学荧光法。在pH 10.70的Na2B4O7?10H2O - NaOH缓冲溶液中,痕量钴(Ⅱ)离子对0.24%的H2O2溶液氧化 4.0×10-7 mol/L的桑色素溶液有明显的催化作用。在最大波长处( λex/λem = 416.5 nm / 556.4 nm),体系的荧光强度在一定的浓度范围内与Co(Ⅱ)的浓度呈线性相关,线性范围为0.8～8.0 μg/L,检出限为0.14 μg/L。优化了体系的最佳条件,考察了体系的离子干扰情况,对灰钙土和分子筛样品进行了分析检测,回收率分别为95.0～110.0%和98.9%～101.9%。     

酶催化分光光度法测定过氧化氢

过氧化氢能够氧化茜素红使之褪色,而模拟酶-血红蛋白对其具有催化作用.建立了一种以茜素红为指示剂的过氧化氢一茜素红一血红蛋白酶催化反应体系测定痕量过氧化氢的方法.确定了反应的最佳条件,体系的酸度为pH 9.8的氨水-氯化铵缓冲溶液,最大吸收波长为525 nm.线性范围为3.0×10-7～8.0×10-5mol·L-1,检出限(3s/k)为5.2×10<'-8>mol·L-1,表观摩尔吸光率为1.1×104mol-1·cm-1.该方法可用于雨水及消毒水中过氧化氢含量的测定.并以此样品为基体,测定了方法的平均回收率和相对标准偏差(n=5)依次为100.3%及3.26%.     

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies on Oxidation of Pyrogallol Red by Hydrogen Peroxide in the Absence and Presence of Molybdenum(VI)

Abstract

The oxidation of pyrogallol red (PGR) by hydrogen peroxide has been studied both in the absence and presence of molybdenum(VI) at pH of 7.0 by spectrophotometric detection. The reaction rate was studied with a fix-time method from 0.5 to 4.5 min. The effect of reagents concentration, ionic strength and temperature was studied to give the optimum conditions. At the optimizing conditions the rate constant, energy and entropy of activation and frequency factor have been calculated using the Arrhenius and Eyring plots.     

过氧化氢氧化二甲苯蓝AS催化光度法测定痕量钴的研究

研究了在碱性条件下,痕量钴（Ⅱ） 与三乙醇胺协同催化Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化二甲苯蓝ＡＳ指示反应的动力学行为,建立了测定痕量钴的新催化动力学分析法。质量浓度的线性范围为０～２．９ μｇ／２５ ｍ Ｌ,检出限为１．３×１０－ ７ ｇ／Ｌ。讨论了催化反应机理,测定了茶叶、人发等样品中钴的含量。     

分光光度法测定大气降水中过氧化氢

在磷酸介质中,过氧化氢氧化I^-形成I₃^-络阴离子;在脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（AOES）中I₃^-进一步与亚甲基蓝作用形成离子缔合物,最大吸收波长位于530 nm处。过氧化氢浓度与吸光度呈线性关系,据此建立了分光光度法测定大气降水中过氧化氢含量的方法。过氧化氢的浓度在1.7×10^-6～2.5×10^-5mol·L^-1范围内遵守比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光率为4.12×10⁴ L·mol^-1·cm^-1,方法的检出限（3s/k）为2.1×10^-7 mol·L^-1。方法用于大气降水中过氧化氢的测定,加标回收率在94.3%～105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差（n=5）在1.4%～3.2%之间。     

过氧化氢氧化罗丹明B催化动力学光度法测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)

铬能以六价和三价两种形式存在于水中,电镀、制革、制铬酸盐或铬酐等工业废水,均可污染水源,医学研究发现六价铬有致癌的危险,六价铬的毒性比三价铬强100倍[1].因此测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)对于环保与人类健康具有重大意义.从70年代至今[2,3],吸光光度法测定铬,催化动力学分析法的灵敏度高,可与最好的物理和物理化学分析法相比,在解决痕量分析和微量分析的任务中发挥着愈来愈大的作用.     

Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Manganese by Use of the Salicylaldehyde-Hydrogen Peroxide System

Abstract

A kinetic method is described for determining trace amounts of manganese(II), based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of salicylaldehyde by hydrogen peroxide. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the rate of change of absorbance at 500 nm. The calibration graph is linear in the range 5–100 ng/ml with a relative error of ± 1.2%. The method has been applied to the determination of manganese in natural water.     

Kinetic Determination of Iodide Based on its Effect on the Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation of Triflupromazine

 A new selective, sensitive, and simple kinetic method is developed for the determination of trace amounts of iodide. The method is based on the catalytic effect of iodide on the reaction of triflupromazine (TFP) with H₂O₂. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by tracing the oxidation product at 498 nm within 1 min after addition of H₂O₂. The optimum reaction conditions are TFP (0.4 × 10⁻³ M), H₂SO₄ (1.0M), H₃PO₄ (2.0M), and H₂O₂ (1.6M) at 30°C. Following this procedure, iodide can be determined with a linear calibration graph up to 4.5 ng ċ cm⁻³ and a detection limit of 0.04 ng ċ cm⁻³, based on the 3 S_b criterion. The method can also be applied to the determination of iodate and periodate ions. Determination of as little as 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 ng ċ cm⁻³ of I⁻, IO₃ ^-, or IO₄ ^- in aqueous solutions gave an average recovery of 98% with relative standard deviations below 1.6% (n = 5). The method was applied to the determination of iodide in Nile river water and ground waters as well as in various food samples after alkaline ashing treatment. The method is compared with other catalytic spectrophotometric procedures for iodide determination.     

Kinetic Determination of Iodide Based on its Effect on the Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation of Triflupromazine

Summary.  A new selective, sensitive, and simple kinetic method is developed for the determination of trace amounts of iodide. The method is based on the catalytic effect of iodide on the reaction of triflupromazine (TFP) with H₂O₂. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by tracing the oxidation product at 498 nm within 1 min after addition of H₂O₂. The optimum reaction conditions are TFP (0.4 × 10⁻³ M), H₂SO₄ (1.0M), H₃PO₄ (2.0M), and H₂O₂ (1.6M) at 30°C. Following this procedure, iodide can be determined with a linear calibration graph up to 4.5 ng ċ cm⁻³ and a detection limit of 0.04 ng ċ cm⁻³, based on the 3 S_b criterion. The method can also be applied to the determination of iodate and periodate ions. Determination of as little as 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 ng ċ cm⁻³ of I⁻, IO₃ ^-, or IO₄ ^- in aqueous solutions gave an average recovery of 98% with relative standard deviations below 1.6% (n = 5). The method was applied to the determination of iodide in Nile river water and ground waters as well as in various food samples after alkaline ashing treatment. The method is compared with other catalytic spectrophotometric procedures for iodide determination. Received January 19, 2001. Accepted (revised) March 12, 2001     

Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose Based on Hemin Peroxidase-Like Catalyzed Oxidation of Bromopyrogallol Red

In an ammonium buffer medium at pH 8.9–9.5, hemin exhibits mimetic peroxidase activity, and has a catalytic effect on the oxidative decoloration of bromopyrogallol red (BPR) with hydrogen peroxide. On this basis and in presence of ethanol as an effect-enhancing agent, a spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide is described with an apparent molar absorptivity of 4.00×10⁴?l?mol^?1?cm^?1 and a linear range from 3.2×10^?7 to 3.2×10^?5?mol?l^?1. BPR has advantages over some of widely used chromogenic substrates in aspects of sensitivity, simplicity and detection wavelength, while hemin has better stability than peroxidase. The system can be easily coupled with a glucose oxidase-catalyzed reaction, and glucose in the concentration range of 6.0×10^?7? 3.2×10^?5?mol?l^?1 is spectrophotometrically determined. The method has been applied to the analyses of synthetic water and human serum samples. The Michaelis parameters and the mechanism of the mimetic peroxidase reaction are also investigated.     

Carcinogenic Chromium(VI) Compounds Formed by Intracellular Oxidation of Chromium(III) Dietary Supplements by Adipocytes

Chromium(III) nutritional supplements are widely consumed for their purported antidiabetic activities. X‐ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) studies have now shown that non‐toxic doses of [Cr₃O(OCOEt)₆(OH₂)₃]⁺ ( A ), a prospective antidiabetic drug that undergoes similar H₂O₂ induced oxidation reactions in the blood as other Cr supplements, was also oxidized to carcinogenic Cr^VI and Cr^V in living cells. Single adipocytes treated with A had approximately 1 μm large Cr hotspots containing Cr^III, Cr^V, and Cr^VI (primarily Cr^VI thiolates) species. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the antidiabetic activity of Cr^III and the carcinogenicity of Cr^VI compounds arise from similar mechanisms involving highly reactive Cr^VI and Cr^V intermediates, and highlight concerns over the safety of Cr^III nutritional supplements.     

铬（Ⅵ）—8—氨基喹啉—5—偶氮—对苯磺酸钠的极谱行为

Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）在ＮＨ４ＯＨ－ＮＨ４Ｃｌ－ＮａＮＯ２－８－氨基喹啉－５－偶氮－对苯磺酸钠体系中产生一灵敏的阴极极化二次导数催化波，其峰电位在－１．３３Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）。Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）在０．４０￣１２．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ范围内与峰电流成正比。本法已用于为水中Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的测定，结果良好。     

Preconcentration and Spectrophotometric Determination of Chromium (VI) and Total Chromium in Drinking Water by the Sorption of Chromium Diphenylcarbazone with Surfactant Coated Alumina

Abstract

A simple and inexpensive method for determining chromium (VI) in drinking water by spectrophotometry after preconcentration with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) coated alumina column is described. Chromium(VI) is reacted with diphenylcarbazide (DPC) and the Cr-DPC complex is quantitatively adsorbed onto a SDS coated alumina column from 800 ml of sample solution. The complex is then eluted with a 8 ml mixture of methanol, acetone and hydrochloric acid and determined by spectrophotometry. Total chromium can be determined after oxidation of chromium (III) to chromium (VI) by KMnO₄. The relative standard deviation (10 replicate analyses) at the 10 μg l^?1 of chromium (VI) and 10 μg l^?1 of total chromium were 3.5% and 3.4% and corresponding limits of detection (based on 3 σ) were 0.040 μg l^?1 and 0.033 μg l^?1, respectively.     

表面活性剂增敏动力学光度法测定钯

１ 引 言 动力学光度法测定钯已有报道 所用体系主要有两种类型，一种是利用钯催化次磷酸钠还原有色试剂的反应，另一类型是钯的催化氧化反应。近年来，表面活性剂在动力学分析中的应用日益受到重视。它可提高分析的灵敏度和选择性，改善反应条件，简化分析手续等；作者研究发现，钯对高碘酸钾氧化结晶紫（ＣＶ））褪色有催化作用，体系中加入ＳＤＢＳ后，体系的最大吸收波长紫移，测定的灵敏度明显提高，据此建立了测定钯的动力学光度法。２ 实验方法 取两支 １０ｍｌ具塞比色管，于其中一支加入适量钯标准溶液，再分别在两支管中依次加入 …