A new pyrone derivative from the endophytic fungus Penicillium paxilli PSU-A71

One new pyrone derivative, named penicillone (1), together with paxilline, pyrenocines A (2) and B (3) were isolated from the endophytic fungus Penicillium paxilli PSU-A71. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Pyrenocine B (3) mildly inhibited the growth of Microsporum gypseum SH-MU-4 with a MIC value of 32 microg/ml.     

Cohaerins C-F, four azaphilones from the xylariaceous fungus Annulohypoxylon cohaerens

Four azaphilones named cohaerins C-F, along with 4,5,4′,5′-tetrahydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl were isolated from the methanolic extract of the stromata of Annulohypoxylon cohaerens (Ascomycetes, Xylariaceae). Cohaerins C-E constitute typical azaphilones, bearing a γ-lactone ring, while cohaerin F has an unprecedented carbon skeleton, lacking the lactone ring of the azaphilones and with an aliphatic side chain being attached directly to the azaphilone backbone by a C-C bond. Their structures were determined by 2D NMR, IR, UV, and CD spectroscopy. They showed moderate inhibitory activity of nitric oxide production in RAW cells, and strong and nonselective antimicrobial effects.     

Dimeric azaphilones from the xylariaceous ascomycete Hypoxylon rutilum

Fractionation of the methanolic extract of the stromata of Hypoxylon rutilum (Xylariaceae, Ascomycetes) resulted in the isolation of two novel dimeric azaphilones named rutilins A and B, together with the known compounds, entonaemin A, and rubiginosins A and B. Their structures were elucidated by 2D NMR, HR-MS, IR and UV spectroscopy. Rutilins A and B are presumably synthesized via specific biogenic aldol condensations of mitorubrinol acetate moieties with rubiginosins A and B, respectively. The resulting dimeric azaphilone scaffold of the rutilins is unprecedented in nature.     

南海红树林内生真菌No．ZZF71代谢产物研究

由于海洋环境的特殊性和微生物在生态系统的功能,海洋微生物已经发展出独特的代谢方式,提供了在陆地微生物中未遇到过的代谢产物。研究海洋微生物的活性物质,不但能发现结构新颖的化合物,丰富和发展有机化学理论,而且为寻找新的强效活性药物及其它有用物质提供了一个重要途径[1     

Metabolites from fungi 15. New isocoumarins from an endophytic fungus isolated from the Canadian thistle Cirsium arvense

One known (1) and five new polyketide metabolites (2-6) were isolated from the culture extract of an endophytic fungus, Mycelia sterila, from the Canadian thistle Cirsium arvense. Compounds 1-4 are members of the isocoumarin family, whereas metabolite 5 is a dihydrobenzofuran and 6 has an open chain structure. All compounds have an unusual methyl group at the aromatic ring that does not fit into the usual polyketide pattern.     

一株Stysanus like sp.属南海红树内生真菌代谢产物的研究

红树林海岸是生物海岸的一种。红树植物是一类生长于潮间带的乔灌木的通称。红树植物的种属繁多,因受地理纬度的影响,红树林种属的多样性从南到北逐渐过渡到比较单纯,植枝的高度由高变低,从生长茂盛的乔木过渡到相对矮小的灌木丛。由于红树林内食物营养丰富,寄生于其中的真菌特别多,据称海洋中绝大多数的真菌均可在红树林找到。     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae VII. The phytotoxic pigment PKZh-1 from the culture liquid

Summary The phytotoxic pigment PKZh-1 that causes the characteristic symptoms of wilt in tests on cotton-plant shoots in a concentration of 100–150 µg/ml, has been isolated from the culture liquid of the fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb.On the basis of qualitative reaction, spectral characteristics, and a study of hydrolysis products, PKZh-1 has been assigned to the peptide group. A red substance identified as 3,6,8-trihydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinone has been isolated from an acid hydrolyzate of PKZh-1.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 690–693, September–October, 1977.     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae II. Components of the fraction of neutral lipids from the culture liquid

Summary Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate has been isolated from the neutral lipids fraction of the culture liquid of the fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb. Its¹H and¹³C magnetic resonance spectra have been obtained, and an assignment of the signals has been made.On the basis of their UV, IR, and ESR spectra, the chromogenic components of the neutral lipid fractions have been assigned to the melanins.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 689–693, November–December, 1975.     

Metabolites from the marine fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eurotium repens</Emphasis>

1,8-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-9,10-anthracenedione (physcion, 1), 3,4-dihydro-3,6,9-trihydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methyl-1(2H)-anthraceneone (asperflavin, 2), and 2,5-dihydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-6-[(1E)-1-heptenyl]-benzaldehyde (tetrahydroauroglaucin, 3) were shown to be the main pigments of the marine isolate of the fungus Eurotium repens. In addition to the pigments, the fungal metabolites included the diketopiperazine alkaloid echinulin (4). The structures of the compounds were identified using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The cytotoxic activity of 1–3 toward sex cells of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius was determined. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 327–329, July–August, 2007.     

Metabolites from symbiotic bacteria

This review describes natural products that are shown or suspected to be synthesized by symbiotic bacteria.It includes 349 references and covers the literature in this field through 2003.     

Secondary Metabolites from the Actinobacterium Amycolatopsis taiwanensis

Chemistry of Natural Compounds -     

Secondary Metabolites from the Fungus Chaetomium brasiliense

Two new depsidones, mollicellins I and J ( 1 and 2 , resp.), and a new chromone, 2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐6‐methylmethyleugenin ( 3 ), along with six known compounds, 4 – 9 , were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of a solid‐state fermented culture of Chaetomium brasiliense. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis. Mollicellins I and H ( 5 ) exhibited significant growth inhibitory activity against human breast cancer (Bre04), human lung (Lu04), and human neuroma (N04) cell lines with GI₅₀ values between 2.5–8.6 μg/ml.     

Alkaloids from the fungus Lactarius subplinthogalus

A new alkaloid, namely laccarin A (1), along with four known alkaloids, laccarin (2), adenosine (3), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (4) and nicotinamide (5), was isolated from the fungus Lactarius subplinthogalus. The structure of laccarin A (1) was established mainly by spectroscopic methods.     

Secondary Metabolites from Magnolia kachirachirai

Investigation of the root bark of Magnolia kachirachirai led to the isolation of a new sesquiterpene, kachirachirain ( 1 ), and a new aporphine alkaloid, kachirachiranine ( 2 ), together with 20 known compounds, of which dimethyl 4,4′‐methylenebis(4,1‐phenylene)diurethane ( 3 ) was isolated for the first time from a natural source. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis.