双程前向结构掺铒光纤光源稳定性的实验研究

为了获得高稳定的光纤陀螺掺铒光纤光源,理论分析了平均波长受温度变化的影响因素,实验研究了双程前向(DPF)结构掺铒光纤光源平均波长温度稳定性。主要通过优化铒纤长度来减小铒纤的本征温度系数对光源稳定性的影响,优化泵浦功率使其引起平均波长的变化达到最小。最终获得了掺铒光纤光源在双程前向结构下的优化铒纤长度12.2m和优化泵浦功率150mW,对比分析了包括优化铒纤长度在内的三个长度下,不同泵浦功率对光源的平均波长、输出功率和谱宽的影响;测量了不同长度铒纤的本征温度系数,获得了平均波长稳定性为-0.452ppm/°C的双程前向光纤光源。     

光源稳定性对光纤陀螺性能的影响及解决方案

分析了光源出纤功率和波长波动对陀螺性能的影响，并理论研究了双程后向结构掺铒光纤超荧光光源的特性。结果表明，在任意反射镜参数下，只要选取适当的掺铒光纤长度，该结构光源总能实现不依赖于泵浦功率的平均波长高稳定性运行；在高稳定性的前提下，反射镜参数优化后的该结构光源有较宽的频带宽度和较高的输出功率。得出了该结构光源可以满足高精度惯导级光纤陀螺对光源稳定性要求的结论。     

一种高性能抗辐照掺铒光子晶体光纤光源

为满足空间环境应用高精度光纤陀螺的需求,基于掺铒光子晶体光纤设计了一种抗辐照掺铒光纤光源。首先设计了一种高浓度掺铒光子晶体光纤,通过优化Er3+/Al3+的掺杂浓度,改善了掺铒光纤的荧光特性。然后通过调节光纤长度优化光源输出光谱接近掺铒光纤本征荧光谱,降低了辐照条件下掺铒光纤光源的光谱损耗;结合"平坦谱光谱滤波"和"泵浦光功率闭环反馈控制"技术设计出适合空间辐照环境应用的掺铒光子晶体光纤光源。辐照试验结果表明,光源在200 krad辐照剂量下输出光谱宽度大于40 nm,平均波长稳定性2.6′10~(-6)/krad,功率损耗小于0.2 dB,表现出较好的抗辐照效果。     

使用滤波器和探测器阵列的光纤陀螺光源平均波长漂移监测

为了提升光纤陀螺在工作温度范围内的标度因数稳定性,提出了一种使用滤波器和探测器阵列对光源光谱平均波长漂移进行实时监测的技术方案。光纤陀螺光源光谱通常为平滑的类高斯函数,理论上可以借助少数采样点在较小的误差范围内计算其积分值,因此可以测量光源几个特定波长处的光强,结合适当的数值积分算法,计算其平均波长漂移。以掺铒光纤光源的左峰(中心波长约1530 nm)为例,分析了滤波器参数以及积分方法对监测精度的影响,结果表明当初级滤波器带宽为5 nm,次级滤波器带宽为1 nm,采用Gauss-Legendre积分法时,计算值与测量值的误差小于0.2×10~(-6)。实时监测结果可用于波长反馈控制或标度因数补偿,进一步提升光纤陀螺的环境适应性。     

消除消偏光纤陀螺克尔效应的一种方法

研究了非线性克尔效应对光纤陀螺噪声的贡献,得到了可以通过采用宽谱光源和调制光路中的光功率来减小甚至消除克尔效应引起的非互易相位差的结果。采用调制光功率的方法消除克尔效应。为了避免因调制光功率降低探测器信噪比,通过分析探测器的噪声原理得到了保证足够信噪比的最小功率输入。设计了光纤放大器光源来实现这种光功率的调制。分别分析了泵浦光功率和泵浦方式对光源的影响,进一步协调了光纤放大器光源的输出功率和放大增益,首次证明了光纤放大器光源的优越性。在实验中,采用了光纤放大器光源的光纤陀螺的随机游走系数被减小到了原来的0.8。     

高精度光纤陀螺光源强度噪声的抑制

掺铒超荧光光纤光源的光源强度噪声是影响高精度光纤陀螺随机游走系数的主要因素。为了降低陀螺随机游走系数,进一步提高陀螺精度,提出了一种抑制光纤陀螺光源强度噪声的方法。利用耦合器两个输出端输出光的相关性,将两束光转换为电信号送入FPGA中,用数字电路相减法实现光源强度噪声的抑制。通过Allan方差法对抑制前后陀螺输出数据的分析结果可以看出,采用数字相减法可以有效的抑制光纤陀螺的光源强度噪声,角随机游走系数与抑制前相比减小33%。该方法与以往的方法相比,具有工程实现简便、可靠性高、维护容易等优点。     

光纤陀螺用光纤光源的新型自动温度控制

光源良好的平均波长稳定性是保证光纤陀螺标度因子稳定性的重要条件。而光纤光源平均波长的变化主要源于环境温度的变化。为了使光源获得更好的输出特性,需要对光源泵浦温度进行精密控制。文中阐述了一种基于FPGA和MAX1968芯片设计的光纤陀螺用光纤光源泵浦温度自动控制(ATC)技术。控制过程中提出了一种新的控制算法--递进式PID。与传统PID算法相比,递进式PID算法的最大特点是其各个参数可以随外界环境而变化。经试验测定,泵浦的温度稳定性能够稳定在±0.03℃以内,因而泵浦具有很好的平均波长稳定性。     

一种三芯液晶光子晶体光纤的特性

针对三轴光纤陀螺共用光源问题,提出了一种新型的多芯液晶光子晶体光纤,该光纤具有三个呈等边三角形几何形状排列的液晶纤芯.利用有限元法对其功率分布、模场、有效折射率和色散特性进行了数值分析,结果表明,这种三芯液晶光子晶体光纤可将传输光完全等分为三束光,且具有平坦色散特性,在波长为1.45μm～1.75μm之间的色散变化小于2 ps·km-1·nm-1.此外,该光纤在大约150 nm的波长范围内显示出超平坦的色散,并且可以通过改变中心空气孔的直径来调整超平坦色散的波长范围.研究成果对液晶光子晶体光纤、三轴光纤陀螺和三相光纤电流互感器的等光分束器、1×3多芯光子晶体耦合器和平坦色散光纤的进一步发展具有重要意义.     

一种三芯液晶光子晶体光纤的特性（英文）

针对三轴光纤陀螺共用光源问题,提出了一种新型的多芯液晶光子晶体光纤,该光纤具有三个呈等边三角形几何形状排列的液晶纤芯。利用有限元法对其功率分布、模场、有效折射率和色散特性进行了数值分析,结果表明,这种三芯液晶光子晶体光纤可将传输光完全等分为三束光,且具有平坦色散特性,在波长为1.45μm~1.75μm之间的色散变化小于2 ps·km~(-1)·nm~(-1)。此外,该光纤在大约150 nm的波长范围内显示出超平坦的色散,并且可以通过改变中心空气孔的直径来调整超平坦色散的波长范围。研究成果对液晶光子晶体光纤、三轴光纤陀螺和三相光纤电流互感器的等光分束器、1×3多芯光子晶体耦合器和平坦色散光纤的进一步发展具有重要意义。     

基于超细径光纤的高精度光纤陀螺

在应用系统的牵引及光学器件技术的推动下,工程化光纤陀螺朝着小型化、轻量化、高精度方向发展,设计了一种基于新型超细径(60/100)光纤制作的高精度光纤陀螺。相比于传统细径保偏光纤,新型超细径光纤可增加光纤的抗弯曲程度,也可使光纤环圈的绕制半径减少;同时,由于光纤变细,光纤环厚度减小,当环境温度改变时,内外层光纤温度差减小,有利于改善光纤陀螺环圈全温性能,提高光纤陀螺温度特性。首先研究了新型超细径光纤纤芯、包层结构设计,在此基础上为针对性提高涂覆胶体、绕环胶体材料的可靠性,建立了胶体材料性能随时间退化的模型;随后,基于上述新型光纤和小型化宽谱ASE光源,成功搭建了高精度光纤陀螺仪样机,陀螺整机尺寸为70 mm×70 mm×35 mm,陀螺测试零偏稳定性可达0.007°/h,可以满足陀螺小型化、轻量化、高精度需求。     

布里渊光纤陀螺增大动态范围新方案

针对布里渊光纤陀螺动态范围较小的问题,在比较了以往各种方案动态范围的基础上,提出了一种基于光强补偿的布里渊光纤陀螺动态范围增大方案.该方案使用大功率窄带激光器做泵浦源,在光路中引入光衰减器以及分光比不对称的耦合器,并通过反馈回路对两路光光强进行实时调节,从而可以消除泵浦游走效应对布里渊光纤陀螺动态范围的影响.通过分析和...     

Fabry-Perot sensors for dynamic studies using spectrally based passive quadrature signal processing

This paper describes a simple, optically passive detection scheme for in-line Fabry-Perot etalon (ILFE) sensors that is also useful for intrinsic Fabry-Perot (IFP) and extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) sensors. This detection scheme is based on two spectrally shiffed Bragg wavelengths from in-line Bragg gratings to produce two quadrature phase shifted signals from the spectral transfer function of the Fabry-Perot sensor. Using the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) as a low-coherence, high-power broad-band source, the passive detection technique is used to demonstrate the use of ILFE sensors in high strain rate dynamics studies. This study is designed to characterize the high strain rate response of optical fiber sensors and test their ability to monitor dynamic strain changes resulting from one-dimensional stress wave propagation.     

激光器光谱线宽对布里渊光纤谐振腔谐振特性的影响

针对激光器光谱线宽不可能严格为零的问题,在激光相干理论的基础上,采用光波场叠加的方法计算了布里渊光纤谐振腔的循环光强,详细分析了激光器光谱线宽对布里渊光纤谐振腔谐振谱线宽度和精细度的影响,并进一步分析了光谱线宽对谐振腔受激布里渊散射阈值的影响,最后,引入了线宽压缩的概念分析了布里渊光纤陀螺的灵敏度。分析表明,除了耦合器插入损耗外,激光器光谱线宽也是影响精细度的重要因素,具体影响程度与激光器光谱线宽及谐振腔本征谱线宽度间的相对大小有关,受激布里渊散射阈值随激光器线宽的增加而近似线性增加,另外在其他参数相同的情况下,布里渊光纤陀螺的灵敏度比谐振式光纤陀螺高大约三个数量级。本文为布里渊光纤陀螺的光源选择及光路参数的优化设计过程提供了理论依据。     

Laser-dual-focus system for measuring the flow through narrow rod bundles

A non-disturbing optical instrument for the measurement of flow velocity in complicated flow channels, e.g. inclined flow through rod bundles is described. The measuring probe based on the laser-dual-focus principle is brought inside one of the plexiglass tubes forming the grid. A mirror which is situated inside the probe deflects the two laser beams producing the measuring volume into the flow field to be examined. An optical system for a thin probe has been developed which has to fit into one of the rods and which enables one both to produce the measuring volume as well as to receive the back-scattered light. The required laser power can be reduced to 2 mW. The photo-multiplier necessary for the evaluation of scattered light signals can be separated from the optical head by using light wave conductors. Examples are presented by which the applicability of the new probe to the described flow situation is demonstrated.     

Laser-induced break-up of water jet waveguide

In this article, an optical method to control the break-up of high-speed liquid jets is proposed. The method consists of focusing the light of a pulsed laser source into the jet behaving as a waveguide. Experiments were performed with the help of a Q-switched frequency doubled Nd:Yag laser (=532 nm). The jet diameter was 48 µm and jet velocities from 100 to 200 m/s. To study the laser-induced water jet break-up, observations of the jet coupled with the high power laser were performed for variable coupling and jet velocity conditions. Experimentally determined wavelength and growth rate of the laser-generated disturbance were also compared with the ones predicted by linear stability theory of free jets.     

Absolute phase measurement in extrinsic Fabry-Perot optical fiber sensors using multiple path-match conditions

This paper describes the use of the first and second optical return paths in a moderate-to-high finesse Fabry-Perot sensor to measure the absolute phase in extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometry (EFPI) sensors. A path-matched differential interferometry (PMDI) using a highfinesse EFPI sensors, a low-finesse Fabry-Perot readout interferometer and a broadband light source consisting of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is used to illustrate the idea. The first and second multiple paths in the Fabry-Perot readout sensor are used to provide two distinct path-match conditions from the same scanning Fabry-Perot readout interferometer. The difference in fringe numbers between the centers of two orders of interference fringe packets formed by the distinct path-match conditions makes possible a simple method of measuring the cavity length of EFPI sensors, which in turn can be used to measure absolute phase and the corresponding strain. Sensor cavity length measurement using the multiple return paths in the high-finesse Fabry-Perot sensor is correlated to that measurement using the modulation transfer function found using an optical spectrum analyzer; the multiple return path technique is then used to make strain measurements on a cantilever beam. Comparisons with resistance strain gage measurements are favorable. Characterization tests indicate that the proposed technique has a cavity length measurement resolution on the order of 1.1 μm, which translates to a strain resolution of 28 με for a 4-cm gage length sensor.     

Measurement of Elastic Properties of Epoxy Molding Compound by Single Cylindrical Configuration with Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor

We propose a novel experimental method, based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor, to measure the elastic properties of epoxy molding compound (EMC) from a single specimen configuration. The FBG sensor is embedded in the center of a cylindrical EMC specimen, and deforms together with the EMC. The Bragg wavelength (BW) shifts are documented during compressive and hydrostatic loadings. Young’s modulus and bulk modulus are determined from the BW shifts using the relationships between the elastic constants and the BW shift. Two major developments to accommodate the unique requirements of EMC testing include: (1) a large mechanical pressure to be applied during curing; and (2) a very high gas pressure required for hydrostatic testing. The shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio are calculated from the two measured constants to provide a complete set of elastic properties of EMC.     

A fiber optic sensor for transverse strain measurement

A fiber optic sensor capable of measuring two independent components of transverse strain is described. The sensor consists of a single Bragg grating written into high-birefringent, polarization-maintaining optical fiber. When light from a broadband source is used to illuminate the sensor, the spectra of light reflected from the Bragg grating contain two peaks corresponding to the two orthogonal polarization modes of the fiber. Two independent components of transverse strain in the core of the fiber can be computed from the changes in wavelength of the two peaks if axial strain and temperature changes in the fiber are zero or known. Experiments were performed to determine the response of the sensor by loading an uncoated sensor in diametral compression over a range of fiber orientations relative to the loading. The results of these experiments were used with a finite element model to determine a calibration matrix relating the transverse strain in the sensor to the wavelength shifts of the Bragg peaks. The performance of the sensor was then verified by measuring the transverse strains produced by loading the fiber in a V-groove fixture.     

微光学陀螺仪系统结构的研究

介绍了谐振型和干涉型两种微光学陀螺仪的分辨率计算公式,并在光纤仿真装置上,分别进行了系统结构的实验研究.在谐振型装置中,作为光源采用了具有 Bragg 光栅的窄线宽激光二极管.在干涉型装置中,为了保证双向光束在Sagnac 效应敏感环 (SSR) 中可以循环传播,采用了大功率的超辐射发光二极管(SLD)作为光源.为了保持双向光束在 SSR 中循环传播多圈,需要在 SSR 中插入一个光放大器,以补偿光束在传播中的各种损耗.研究结果表明,所建议的系统结构对于开发中等精度的微光学陀螺仪产品具有可行性.