自适应交互式多模型AUV组合导航算法（英文）

提出了一种基于期望模式修正(EMA)的改进交互式多模型(IMM)算法。该算法主要解决自主水下航行器(AUV)复杂工作环境下量测噪声统计特性未知或易发生变化时的状态估计问题,其核心思想是将期望模式修正机制和交互式多模型滤波算法相结合,利用状态估计过程中的获取的模型概率进行决策,得到更加接近与系统真实模式的期望模型集合,再通过期望模型集合滤波结果对固定模型集合滤波结果进行修正。与传统的交互式多模型算法相比,提出的基于期望模式修正的交互式多模型算法可以捕捉到系统模式更细微的变化。仿真结果表明,该算法可以大幅提高AUV组合导航系统的估计精度和稳定性。     

基于交互式多模型MSCKF的双目视觉/惯性里程计算法

针对复杂环境中双目视觉/惯性里程计系统模型不固定和量测噪声易发生变化的问题,提出了基于滤波器估计的紧耦合视觉惯性里程计(VIO)信息融合方法.将交互式多模型(IMM)估计与多状态约束卡尔曼滤波(MSCKF)算法相结合提出一种交互式多模型多状态约束卡尔曼滤波(IMM-MSCKF)算法.该算法以MSCKF为模型匹配子滤波器...     

基于交互式多模型秩滤波的移动机器人组合导航算法

针对非结构化环境下移动机器人组合导航系统中存在的时变或非高斯噪声,将秩滤波器(rank Kalman filter,RKF)与交互式多模型算法(interactive multiple model filter,IMM)相结合,提出一种交互式多模型秩滤波算法(IMM-RKF)。秩滤波根据秩统计量相关原理确定采样点和权值,可适用于具有非高斯噪声的非线性系统;交互式多模型算法是解决结构和参数易发生变化系统中状态估计问题的重要途径,能够抑制组合导航系统中时变噪声引起的导航参数估计误差。仿真实验表明,相比于交互式多模型扩展卡尔曼滤波(IMM-EKF)和交互式多模型无迹卡尔曼滤波(IMM-UKF),提出的IMM-RKF算法能够提高组合导航系统姿态、速度和位置估计精度。     

基于Elman神经网络和Kalman滤波的捷联惯导精对准

在采用Kalman滤波进行捷联惯导精对准时,当模型存在误差或系统噪声不能反映实际噪声时,会降低滤波精度甚至导致滤波发散.针对这个问题,提出基于Elman神经网络和Kalman滤波的捷联惯导精对准方法.首先对已知噪声统计特性的系统进行Kalman滤波,将稳定可靠的状态估值作为网络期望输出用来训练Elman网络,然后再用训练好的网络对未知噪声统计特性系统进行状态估计.利用仿真数据对该算法进行验证,结果表明该算法能够克服Kalman滤波精对准的缺陷,提高了对准精度,尤其是航向角的精度.     

状态变换扩展卡尔曼平滑算法在AUV水下航迹修正中的应用

水下自主潜航器(AUV)在水下勘测过程中常采用定期上浮的方式利用卫星定位信息(GNSS)校正惯性/多普勒测速仪(SINS/DVL)组合导航造成的位置误差,并通过平滑算法校正之前计算的水下航迹。针对AUV上浮前的水下航迹矫正问题,提出一种基于计算地理坐标系的状态变换扩展卡尔曼平滑算法(STEKF-RTS)。首先推导状态变换扩展卡尔曼滤波器的系统误差状态方程,并分别以GNSS信息和DVL速度为观测信息构建量测方程,以此系统模型进行前向滤波。完成前向滤波后,即潜航器上浮GNSS校正完成后,采用RTS平滑算法对水下航行阶段的航迹进行修正。实验结果表明,STEKF相较于EKF能减缓位置误差积累,STEKF-RTS相比EKF-RTS平滑算法能够进一步有效校正航线误差,1 h上浮时间间隔情况下,勘测航迹精度可控制在0.5%D以内。     

一种新型自适应模型预测组合滤波在在线标定中的应用

为了提高捷联惯性导航系统在线标定的精度和实时性,根据模型预测滤波算法和Sage_Husa自适应卡尔曼滤波算法的优点,提出了一种新的自适应模型预测组合滤波算法。该算法首先利用模型预测滤波算法估计出系统模型误差,并对系统状态方程实时修正,以减小系统模型误差对导航精度的影响;然后利用简化的自适应滤波算法对量测噪声在线调整,修正噪声统计特性,以提高滤波精度。将提出的算法进行在线标定仿真实验,并与传统的卡尔曼滤波在线标定算法进行比较,结果表明,提出的自适应模型预测组合滤波算法能有效完成在线标定,且标定精度和收敛速度均优于传统方法。     

AUV组合导航系统信息匹配的可观测度

针对自主水下潜器（AUV）导航的特点和需求,设计了一种捷联惯导／多普勒／磁罗经／地形匹配组合导航系统（SINS／DVL／MCP／TAN）,同时对AUV组合导航的两种信息匹配方式进行了基于动态系统奇异值分解的可观测度研究以评估该组合导航的Kalman滤波的估计能力。可观测度研究结果说明该组合导航能显著提高AUV的航向角误差和位置误差的可观测度,从而可以提高AUV的航向和位置精度。Kalman滤波的仿真结果验证了该结论的正确性,表明了该细合导航系统的Kalman滤波的估计能力强,能够得到较高精度的位置、速度和姿态信息,可以满足AUV长时间远距离导航的需要。     

自适应SDV-UPF算法及其在紧组合中的应用

针对粒子滤波存在重要性密度函数难以选取和系统状态协方差阵可能出现的负定性问题,提出一种新的自适应奇异值分解无迹粒子滤波(ASVD-UPF)算法。该算法采用自适应因子修正动力学模型误差,通过奇异值分解抑制系统状态协方差矩阵的负定性,并以改进的UKF算法产生重要性密度函数,以弥补粒子滤波的缺陷,使该算法适用于非线性、非高斯系统模型的滤波计算。将提出的算法应用到所设计的GPS/SINS/PL紧组合导航系统中进行仿真验证,结果表明,提出算法的经、纬度误差、速度误差和姿态误差范围分别控制在(-0.5″,+0.5″)、(-0.8 m/s,+0.8 m/s)和(-1′,+1′)以内,误差估计的精度和收敛速度明显优于UKF和PF算法,能提高组合导航系统的解算精度。     

多尺度递归融合估计在组合导航系统中的应用

多尺度递归融合估计是对多传感器系统进行的基于尺度的融合估计算法.利用小波变换中多尺度分析的思想,构造出多尺度动态模型,利用该模型对粗尺度上的状态估计值进行修正,递归获得最细尺度上基于全局测量值的最优估计值,该估计值是方差最小意义下的最优估计.将此算法应用于SINS/GPS组合导航系统中,仿真结果表明,应用该算法能取得较好的效果,获得了比仅在单一尺度上进行kaIman融合估计更好的结果,有效地提高了组合导航系统的精度.     

基于交互式多模型滤波的船体变形惯性测量方法

基于惯性测量单元的匹配滤波算法是测量船体变形的发展趋势,然而在实际航行中,船体变形模型参数是未知或存在不确定性,模型参数的这一特性对滤波估计结果影响较大。针对此问题,利用"速度+角速度"匹配算法分析了模型参数未知对滤波估计效果的影响,引入交互式多模型卡尔曼滤波方法,利用不同模型参数的似然函数进行概率分配。最后通过仿真对提出的方法进行了验证,结果表明,与传统卡尔曼滤波相比,估计精度提高了5%~10%,收敛时间提高了1倍,动态变形角的收敛时间在10 s以内,静态变形角的收敛时间在5s以内,提高了系统的环境适应性。     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

Preface

This special issue of PARTICUOLOGY is devoted to the first UK-China Particle Technology Forum taking place in Leeds, UK, on 1-3 April 2007. The forum was initiated by a number of UK and Chinese leading academics and organised by the University of Leeds in collaboration with Chinese Society of Particuology, Particle Technology Subject Group （PTSG） of the Institution of Chemical Engineers （IChemE）, Particle Characterisation Interest Group （PCIG） of the Royal Society of Chemistry （RSC） and International Fine Particle Research Institute （IFPRI）. The forum was supported financially by the Engineering and Physics Sciences Research Council （EPSRC） of United Kingdom,     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.