Raman scattering of L‐tryptophan enhanced by surface plasmon of silver nanoparticles: vibrational assignment and structural determination

Vibrational bands of L ‐tryptophan which was adsorbed on Ag nanoparticles (∼10 nm in diameter) have been investigated in the spectral range of 200–1700 cm⁻¹ using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Compared with the normal Raman scattering (NRS) of L ‐tryptophan in either 0.5 M aqueous solution (NRS‐AS) or solid powder (NRS‐SP), the intensified signals by SERS have made the SERS investigation at a lower molecular concentration (5 × 10⁻⁴ M ) possible. Ab initio calculations at the B3LYP/6‐311G level have been carried out to predict the optimal structure and vibrational wavenumbers for the zwitterionic form of L ‐tryptophan. Facilitated with the theoretical prediction, the observed vibrational modes of L ‐tryptophan in the NRS‐AS, NRS‐SP, and SERS spectra have been analyzed. In the spectroscopic observations, there are no significant changes for the vibrational bands of the indole ring in either NRS‐AS, NRS‐SP, or SERS. In contrast, spectral intensities involving the vibrations of carboxylate and amino groups are weak in NRS‐AS and NRS‐SP, but strong in SERS. The intensity enhancement in the SERS spectrum can reach 10³–10⁴‐fold magnification. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis, the carboxylate and amino groups of L ‐tryptophan are determined to be the preferential terminal groups to attach onto the surfaces of Ag nanoparticles in the SERS measurement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光谱法研究阿莫西林及其与DNA的相互作用

报道了阿莫西林对照品与阿莫西林胶囊的常规拉曼光谱(NRS)和在银胶基底上溶液的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS),归属了各个振动峰位和增强峰位;研究了阿莫西林对照品溶液与DNA相互作用的荧光光谱和表面增强拉曼光谱.结果表明:阿莫西林胶囊与阿莫西林对照品的NRS及SERS图谱基本一致,说明胶囊中的辅料对阿莫西林的检测几乎没有影...     

β-巯基乙胺的振动拉曼光谱及其在银膜上的SERS研究

利用电解法制备的纳米银膜对β-巯基乙胺进行了SERS检测,发现其具有较好的增强效果。同时使用Hartree-Fock理论,以6-311++G(d,p)为基函数计算出了β-巯基乙胺分子的拉曼光谱。用便携式拉曼光谱仪测得巯基乙胺固体的拉曼光谱,通过比较发现理论值与实验值符合的较好。并进行正常拉曼光谱(NRS)与SERS谱的对比,分析了β-巯基乙胺分子在银膜上的可能吸附方式。     

基于DFT的间羟基苯甲酸分子表面增强拉曼光谱研究

本文研究了间羟基苯甲酸(m-hydroxybenzoic acid,MHBA)的常规拉曼散射(normal Raman scattering,NRS)光谱及其吸附在Ag纳米颗粒上的表面增强拉曼散射(surface-enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)光谱。采用密度泛函理论(density functional theory,DFT),在B3LYP/6-31+G**(C、H、O)/LANL2DZ(Ag)水平上,对MHBA分子进行了几何结构优化,在此基础上计算了MHBA分子的NRS光谱以及其吸附在Ag纳米颗粒上两种不同吸附构型下的SERS光谱,并和实验值进行比较。结果表明,间羟基苯甲酸分子通过羧基与羟基共同吸附构型的计算结果比该分子通过羧基吸附构型的计算结果更符合实验值。最后,利用GaussView可视化软件对其振动模式进行了全面归属。     

Quantitative analysis of chromate (CrVI) by normal Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride-capped gold nanoparticles

Chromate (Cr^VI) has emerged as a widespread environmental contaminant found in groundwater and surface water, and there is a great need for rapid detection and monitoring of this contaminant. Normal Raman scattering (NRS) spectroscopy with a detection limit of Cr^VI at concentrations of 0.2 g/L was attached. And surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy technique was found to be capable of detecting Cr^VI at concentrations as low as 2.5 mg/L using poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride modified gold nanoparticles (PDDA-AuNPs) as a substrate. The SERS substrate was successfully fabricated by combining the selfassembly technique with a heat-treatment-based strategy using poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA) as the reducing and stabilizing agents. With the 520 cm^?1 band of silicon as internal standard, band intensity ratios of Cr^VI to silicon, that is I ₉₀₂/I ₅₂₀, were found to have a quantitative relationship with a large concentration range of Cr^VI from 0.2 to 20.0 g/L for NRS (R ² = 0.994) and from 2.5 to 25.0 mg/L for SERS (R ² = 0.980), respectively. Besides, the SERS methodology was reproducible, and susceptible to the interference of pH value. The optimum pH for Cr^VI detection by SERS was 3.38. The application of NRS and SERS showed high practical potential for rapid screening and routine analysis of Cr^VI in environmental samples.     

金溶胶中邻羟基苯甲酸吸附行为的密度泛函理论与实验研究

研究了邻羟基苯甲酸(OHBA)的常规拉曼散射(NRS)光谱以及其吸附在Au纳米颗粒上的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱。以氯金酸为原料,柠檬酸三钠为还原剂,用化学还原法制备了球形的金纳米粒子溶胶,采用激光显微拉曼光谱仪(激发波长为785 nm),测定OHBA分子的NRS光谱及其吸附在Au纳米颗粒上的SERS光谱。同时,应用密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/6-31+G**(C,H,O)/LANL2DZ(Au)水平上,对OHBA分子进行了结构优化,在此基础上计算了OHBA分子的NRS光谱以及其吸附在Au纳米颗粒上两种不同吸附构型下的SERS光谱,并和实验值进行比较。结果表明,OHBA分子通过羧基吸附构型的计算值比通过羟基吸附构型的计算值与实验值符合的更好。最后,利用GaussView可视化软件对其振动模式进行了全面归属。通过对邻羟基苯甲酸分子拉曼谱峰的详细指认能够得出：Au溶胶中的邻羟基苯甲酸分子,是通过羧基倾斜地吸附在Au纳米颗粒表面的。可视化软件直观形象地展示出了该分子的结构特征和分子基团振动情况,对其振动峰位的归属提供了重要依据。本文工作对推进邻羟基苯甲酸在生物医药等领域进一步的应用具有重要作用。     

胸腺嘧啶分子表面增强拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论和从头计算研究

采用量子化学B3LYP(含电子相关效应的杂化密度泛函)方法和HF(Hartree-Fock, 哈特利-福克)方法,在6-31+G**(C,H,N,O)/LANL2DZ(Ag)水平上,对TH(Thymine, 胸腺嘧啶)分子进行了几何结构优化,计算了TH分子的NRS(normal Raman scattering, 常规拉曼散射)光谱和TH与Ag原子以及Ag₂团簇吸附的SERS(surface-enhanced Raman scattering, 表面增强拉曼散射)光谱,并将两种理论方法计算的结果和实验值进行比较。结果表明：对于NRS光谱,采用DFT方法的计算结果比HF方法的计算结果更符合已有实验值;而对于SERS光谱,采用HF方法的计算结果更好。最后,通过GaussView可视化软件,对TH分子的振动频率进行了更为全面地归属。     

维生素K3的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

首次报道了维生素K3 (VK3 )分子的常规拉曼光谱 (NRS)及该分子在活性衬底银镜上的表面增强拉曼散射 (SERS) ,并对它的拉曼特征谱带进行了初步的指认和归属。通过对比VK3 的常规拉曼光谱和SERS谱 ,发现VK3 分子吸附在银表面后拉曼散射强度被大大增强了。另外 ,VK3 的羰基与银粒子发生电荷转移后形成负离子自由基 ,碳氧双键打开。受VK3 分子吸附在银镜表面的影响 ,萘环结构发生了很大的扰动 ,导致一些拉曼特征峰产生位移 ,环变形振动对应的拉曼散射强度得到了增强。这些研究结果为SERS技术今后对VK3进行药物检测以及痕量分析方面的应用提供了依据。     

糠醛分子表面增强拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(density functional theory,DFT),在B3LYP/6-31+G**(C,H,O)/LANL2DZ(Ag)水平上,对糠醛(furfural,FUR)分子进行了几何结构优化,并计算了FUR分子的常规拉曼散射(normal Raman scattering,NRS)光谱和FUR与Ag原子以及Ag2和Ag4团簇吸附的表面增强拉曼散射(surface-enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)光谱。结果表明,理论值与已有的实验值符合得较好,采用FUR-Ag4吸附构型的计算结果比FUR-Ag和FUR-Ag2吸附构型的计算结果更符合已有实验值。最后,通过Gauss View可视化软件,对FUR分子的振动频率进行了更为全面地归属。通过FUR分子SERS与NRS的比较,可得出FUR分子与Ag原子发生了相互作用,且被吸附的糠醛分子的杂五环是与银表面垂直的。     

Surface enhanced Raman scattering of water on an Ag electrode

Surface enhanced Raman scattering of adsorbates on an Ag electrode in various electrolytes (e.g., 0.1–1.0 M KF, KCl, KBr, KI, K₃PO₄, and NaN₃) has been investigated in an effort to elucidate the mechanism of the enhancement of water compared to that for other adsorbates. (It is well known, for example, that pyridine exhibits large enhancement in 0.1 M KCl while SERS from water is not detectable unless the salt concentration is raised to almost 1 M.) Use of an optical multichannel analyzer allowed rapid recording of Raman spectra, and SERS intensities of adsorbates could therefore be monitored simultaneously during a continuous oxidation-reduction cycle. Potential dependencies of SERS intensities when the electrode potential is cycled in a non-faradiac potential range immediately following oxidation and reduction indicate that adatoms are partially responsible for the Raman enhancement. Furthermore, the anions in the electrolyte play an important role in stabilizing these “active sites.” For this reason, the degree of enhancement is influenced by the solubility of the Ag compound formed during oxidation and the specific adsorption of the anions to the Ag surface. Preferential alignment of H₂O molecules with their oxygen ends facing the surface at positive potentials, the tendency of anions in the electrolyte to disrupt hydrogen bonding with the water network, and the weak hydrogen bonding of H₂O with the anions give rise to a SERS lineshape from adsorbed H₂O molecules which is narrower than, and thus distinguishable from, the Raman line of bulk water. Thus, the degree to which the particular anions in the electrolyte disrupt hydrogen bonding among water molecules and reform hydrogen bonding between the anions and H₂O molecules influences the SERS lineshape and the apparent enhancement of the H₂ Raman emission.     

FT-Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Phenylalanine Using Silver-Coated Glass Fiber Filters

A simple and facile method has been developed to produce surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active surfaces. Tollen's reagent was used to coat silver onto the surface of glass fiber filters. Using a Fourier transform (FT) Raman instrument, strong surface-enhanced Raman signals have been observed for L-phenylalanine on these surfaces. The use of an FT-Raman instrument combined with this new SERS method allows for a method with both high sensitivity and selectivity. A linear dependence of the Raman signal on L-phenylalanine concentration (0.01–1.0 mM) has been demonstrated. The SERS technique presented here is both novel and promising for biochemical analysis.     

半胱氨酸作为耦联剂制备的纳米银膜上的SERS研究

在直流10V电压下电解聚乙烯醇和硝酸银的混合液3h制备纳米银胶,将经过半胱氨酸修饰后的载玻片浸入银胶24h制得纳米银膜。用紫外可见分光光度计对银胶进行了观测,由于其吸收峰半高宽较窄可知银胶中纳米银颗粒粒径分布较为均匀。同时,使用扫描电镜对银膜进行了表征。通过对半胱氨酸分子SERS信号的分析得出了纳米银粒子在玻璃表面上可能的组装方式。以结晶紫(Crystal Violet)和孔雀石绿(Malachite Green)作为探测分子,采用便携式拉曼光谱仪测得两种分子不同浓度下的SERS谱。发现该方法所制得的纳米银膜有很好的表面增强效果。最后分析了半胱氨酸分子SERS信号对探针分子光谱的影响。     

苏丹红Ⅲ与苏丹红Ⅳ的红外、拉曼光谱和密度泛函理论的研究

报道了苏丹红Ⅲ和苏丹红Ⅳ的红外光谱(IR)、固体常规拉曼光谱(NRS)和以新型Cu-Ag复合纳米材料为基底的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)。以密度泛函理论(DFT)为基础,采用B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)基组对其红外和拉曼光谱进行计算,计算结果与实验数据基本吻合,并且运用Gauss view 5.0可视化软件,对峰的振动模式进行了全面的归属。实现了对苏丹红的快速鉴别,为研究苏丹红染料的特性和快速鉴定提供了有利的依据,为食品安全检测提供了可靠的方法。     

拉曼和紫外光谱法研究阿司匹林及其与DNA的相互作用

检测了阿司匹林对照品与肠溶片的常规拉曼光谱和表面增强拉曼光谱,归属了各个振动峰位和增强峰位;研究了阿司匹林溶液与DNA相互作用的表面增强拉曼光谱与紫外光谱。结果表明:阿司匹林对照品与肠溶片的NRS及SERS图谱基本一致,药品的辅料对阿司匹林的检测几乎没有影响;在SERS中,阿司匹林分子是通过羧基和苯环垂直吸附在纳米银表面;阿司匹林分子与DNA相互作用的主要键合模式是插入作用,阿司匹林中的苯环和CO插入到DNA双螺旋结构的碱基对之间,为深入了解此类药物的作用机理提供了十分重要的信息和有益的参考。     

Photonic nanojet‐mediated SERS technique for enhancing the Raman scattering of a few molecules

We report a two‐step enhancement of Raman scattering signal (η) of a few dye molecules. In the first step, high‐quality surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have been used. The SERS substrates were fabricated by direct current sputtering of Au followed by thermal annealing. The role of thermal annealing of the SERS substrates and numerical aperture of Raman microscopic objective lens on the enhancement has been studied for optimizing the enhancement in the SERS technique. In the second step, the value of η obtained with conventional SERS technique has been improved significantly with the help of photonic nanojet (PNJ) of an optical microsphere (PNJ‐mediated SERS technique). The signal to noise ratio and reproducibility of the experimental results have been found to be very high. Based on our theoretical simulations on PNJ, a few suitable parameters have been proposed for obtaining better enhancement using this technique. To the best of our belief, this report will enable the SERS community to improve η value with ease. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于L-Cys@Ag分析吲哚美辛的表面增强拉曼光谱

联合紫外、拉曼光谱及其在L-半胱氨酸/银传感器(L-Cys@Ag)的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱表征吲哚美辛, 并与固体吲哚美辛的常规拉曼光谱(NRS)进行对比, 发现L-Cys@Ag对吲哚美辛有明显拉曼信号放大, 但其特征峰几乎不产生位移。研究不同酸碱环境下, L-Cys@Ag的吸附模型, 分析吲哚美辛在L-Cys@Ag上的拉曼光谱和SERS光谱, 归属拉曼特征峰。结果显示, L-半胱氨酸与银主要以Ag-S键的方式形成稳定吸附, 但是中性和碱性条件时-COO-也会吸附到银表面。结果表明: 半胱氨酸中的氨基与吲哚美辛中的羧基氧、苯环中的π电子发生吸附, 整体能量下降, 使结构更加稳定。加入牛血清白蛋白(BSA)后, pH为5时, SERS强度明显减弱。在pH为7和9时, N-H伸缩振动和酰胺Ⅱ振动明显增强, 吲哚美辛的苯环和吲哚环的特征峰振动消失。其原因是吲哚美辛的苯环和吲哚环进攻BSA后, 吲哚美辛特征振动消失, 但是吲哚美辛中的氮, 羰基与BSA中氨基吸附, 使得C-N和-COO-的SERS信号稳定。这为将来吲哚美辛以及相关非淄体消炎药的改良和新药的研究提供了可靠的鉴别和分析方法。     

葡萄糖分子的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

本文以密度泛函理论(density functional theory, 简称DFT)采用B3LYP混合泛函和6-31++G(d, p)基函数组计算的葡萄糖的分子振动光谱为根据, 首次对葡萄糖分子的常规拉曼光谱(NRS)进行了详细的指认, 并对葡萄糖分子的振动模式进行了归属。在以4-巯基吡啶为桥联剂分子修饰的银镜衬底上, 观测到葡萄糖分子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS), 并对葡萄糖分子在银表面的吸附状态进行了分析。     

表面增强拉曼光谱研究胞嘧啶在银胶上的吸附行为

为探讨胞嘧啶(Cytosine,Cy)在基底银表面的吸附特性和规律,采用表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱对其吸附行为进行分析,并结合量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)/B3LYP计算方法对Cy分子的常规拉曼光谱(NRS)及Cy与Ag团簇吸附的SERS光谱进行计算,与测定结果进行比对且对其拉曼峰进行系统指认及归属,理论计算结合实测值探讨了Cy在基底Ag上的增强效应和吸附行为。考察了Cy分子在Ag纳米粒子上的不同吸附时间、浓度、pH等条件对SERS光谱的影响及优化,发现pH影响最大,在中性和强碱性条件下的增强效应明显优于酸性。Cy分子存在2种不同的异构体和3种不同的存在形态,并随酸度变化相互转化而达动态平衡。基于Cy在不同pH时的形态分布和相应的SERS变化规律,结合DFT算得的Cy分子中的电荷分布及在银基底表面的吸附机制,详细探讨了酸碱对Cy分子的SRES光谱影响的内因和吸附机理,指出在中性和弱碱性时,是Cy中的N3和O与Ag形成配位吸附;在pH大于11时,N与Ag形成配位吸附,而O与Ag形成共价吸附。     

对巯基苯胺分子表面增强拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(density functional theory,DFT),在B3LYP/6-31++-G** (C,H,N,S)/LANL2DZ(Ag)水平上,对对巯基苯胺(p-aminothiophenol,PATP)分子进行了几何结构优化,计算了 PATP的常规拉曼散射(normal Raman scatte...     

In situ spectroelectrochemical surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) investigations on composite Ag/TiO2-nanotubes/Ti substrates

A tubular array of TiO₂-nanotubes on a Ti substrate was used as a support for an Ag sputter-deposited layer intended for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) investigations. Composite samples of Ag/TiO₂-nanotube/Ti were studied with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) to reveal their characteristic morphological and chemical features. Raman spectra of pyridine (as a probe molecule) were measured at different cathodic potentials ranging from −0.2 down to −1.2 V after the pyridine had been adsorbed on the TiO₂-nanotube/Ti substrates covered with the Ag deposit. In addition, SERS spectra on a bulk electrochemically-roughened Ag reference substrate, were also measured.The SERS activity of the composite samples was strongly dependent on the amount of Ag deposit and, in some cases, was even higher than that for the Ag reference substrate. The SERS intensity vs. electrode potential dependences measured were interpreted in terms of the modified electronic structure of the Ag deposits due to the interaction of the Ag clusters with the TiO₂-nanotube/Ti substrate.