Differential polynomial rings which are generalized Asano prime rings

Let R[x; δ] be a differential polynomial ring over a prime Goldie ring R in an indeterminate x, where δ is a derivation of R. In this paper, we describe explicitly the group of δ-stable v-R-ideals and using this results, we show that R[x; δ] is a generalized Asano prime ring if and only if R is a δ-generalized Asano prime ring.     

Two criteria to check whether ideals are direct sums of cyclically presented modules

A famous theorem of commutative algebra due to I. M. Isaacs states that “if every prime ideal of R is principal, then every ideal of R is principal”. Therefore, a natural question of this sort is “whether the same is true if one weakens this condition and studies rings in which ideals are direct sums of cyclically presented modules?” The goal of this paper is to answer this question in the case R is a commutative local ring. We obtain an analogue of Isaacs's theorem. In fact, we give two criteria to check whether every ideal of a commutative local ring R is a direct sum of cyclically presented modules, it suffices to test only the prime ideals or structure of the maximal ideal of R. As a consequence, we obtain: if R is a commutative local ring such that every prime ideal of R is a direct sum of cyclically presented R-modules, then R is a Noetherian ring. Finally, we describe the ideal structure of commutative local rings in which every ideal of R is a direct sum of cyclically presented R-modules.     

Rings whose multiplicative endomorphisms are power functions

Let R be a commutative ring. For any positive integer m, the power function f:R→R defined by f(x):=x ^m is easily seen to be an endomorphism of the multiplicative semigroup (R,?). In this note, we characterize the commutative rings R with identity for which every multiplicative endomorphism of (R,?) is equal to a power function. Specifically, we show that every endomorphism of (R,?) is a power function if and only if R is a finite field.     

Boolean invertible matrices identified from two permutations and their corresponding Haar-type matrices

We construct a class R_m of m×m boolean invertible matrices whose elements satisfy the following property: when we perform the Hadamard product operation R_i⊙R_j on the set of row vectors {R₁,…,R_m} of an element R∈R_m we produce either the row R_max{i,j} or the zero row. In this paper, we prove that every matrix R∈R_m is uniquely determined by a pair of permutations of the set {1,…,m}. As a by-product of this result we identify Haar-type matrices from a pair of permutations as well, because these matrices emerge from the Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization process of the set of row vectors of R matrices belonging in a certain subclass R₀⊂R_m.     

Weakly regular rings with ACC on annihilators and maximality of strongly prime ideals of weakly regular rings

Ramamurthi proved that weak regularity is equivalent to regularity and biregularity for left Artinian rings. We observe this result under a generalized condition. For a ring R satisfying the ACC on right annihilators, we actually prove that if R is left weakly regular then R is biregular, and that R is left weakly regular if and only if R is a direct sum of a finite number of simple rings. Next we study maximality of strongly prime ideals, showing that a reduced ring R is weakly regular if and only if R is left weakly regular if and only if R is left weakly π-regular if and only if every strongly prime ideal of R is maximal.     

Some Normal Cryptogroups as Semigroups of Isomorphisms

Given a Clifford semigroup G, we construct special G-operands L and R which we term conformai. Certain suboperands of L and R we call threads and fix some special G-isomorphisms, which we term coherent, of threads in R onto threads in L. On the set of all coherent G-isomorphisms of threads in L onto threads in R we define a sandwich-type multiplication. When we restrict our threads to be cyclic suboperands of L and R, this construction produces a normal cryptogroup which we represent as $ S=[Y;S_{\alpha},\chi_{{\alpha},{\beta}}] $ -Without any restriction on the threads this produces a semigroup isomorphic with a remarkable ideal of the translational hull of S. Conversely, given a strong semilattice of completely simple semigroups, satisfying certain conditions, we can represent it isomorphically as indicated above.     

Rank-sets of indecomposable modules over one-dimensional rings

Let R be a one-dimensional, reduced Noetherian ring with finite normalization, and suppose there exists a positive integer N_R such that, for every indecomposable finitely generated torsion-free R-module M and every minimal prime ideal P of R, the dimension of M_P, as a vector space over the localization R_P (a field), is less than or equal to N_R. For a finitely generated torsion-free R-module M, we call the set of all such vector-space dimensions the rank-set of M. What subsets of the integers arise as rank-sets of indecomposable finitely generated torsion-free R-modules? In this article, we give more information on rank-sets of indecomposable modules, to supplement previous work concerning this question. In particular we provide examples having as rank-sets those intervals of consecutive integers that are not ruled out by an earlier article of Arnavut, Luckas and Wiegand. We also show that certain non-consecutive rank-sets never arise.     

Ideal semigroups of noetherian domains and Ponizovski decompositions

Let R be an integral domain with quotient field K and L⊃K a finite extension field. By an R-lattice in L we mean a finitely generated R-module containing a basis of L over K. The set of all R-lattices is a commutative multiplicative semigroup. If R is one-dimensional and noetherian, we determine the structure of this semigroup and of the corresponding class semigroup by means of its partial Ponizovski factors. If moreover R is a Dedekind domain and L⊃K is separable, we give criteria for the partial Ponizovski factors to be groups in terms of the different and the conductor of their endomorphism rings.     

Relative homological algebra in the category of quasi-coherent sheaves

In this paper, we prove the existence of a flat cover and of a cotorsion envelope for any quasi-coherent sheaf over a scheme (X,O_X). Indeed we prove something more general. We define what it is understood by the category of quasi-coherent R-modules, where R is a representation by rings of a quiver Q, and we prove the existence of a flat cover and a cotorsion envelope for quasi-coherent R-modules. Then we use the fact that the category of quasi-coherent sheaves on (X,O_X) is equivalent to the category of quasi-coherent R-modules for some Q and R to get our result.     

The regular graph of a commutative ring

Let R be a commutative ring, let Z(R) be the set of all zero-divisors of R and Reg(R) = R\Z(R). The regular graph of R, denoted by G(R), is a graph with all elements of Reg(R) as the vertices, and two distinct vertices x, y ∈ Reg(R) are adjacent if and only if x+y ∈ Z(R). In this paper we show that if R is a commutative Noetherian ring and 2 ∈ Z(R), then the chromatic number and the clique number of G(R) are the same and they are 2 ⁿ , where n is the minimum number of prime ideals whose union is Z(R). Also, we prove that all trees that can occur as the regular graph of a ring have at most two vertices.     

Classifying resolving subcategories over a Cohen–Macaulay local ring

Let R be a Cohen–Macaulay local ring. Denote by mod R the category of finitely generated R-modules. In this paper, we consider the classification problem of resolving subcategories of mod R in terms of specialization-closed subsets of Spec R. We give a classification of the resolving subcategories closed under tensor products and transposes. Under restrictive hypotheses, we also give better classification results.     

Conditional limiting distribution of Type III elliptical random vectors

In this paper we consider elliptical random vectors in R^d,d≥2 with stochastic representation RAU where R is a positive random radius independent of the random vector U which is uniformly distributed on the unit sphere of R^d and A∈R^d×d is a non-singular matrix. When R has distribution function in the Weibull max-domain of attraction we say that the corresponding elliptical random vector is of Type III. For the bivariate set-up, Berman [Sojurns and Extremes of Stochastic Processes, Wadsworth & Brooks/ Cole, 1992] obtained for Type III elliptical random vectors an interesting asymptotic approximation by conditioning on one component. In this paper we extend Berman's result to Type III elliptical random vectors in R^d. Further, we derive an asymptotic approximation for the conditional distribution of such random vectors.     

On the genus of generalized unit and unitary Cayley graphs of a commutative ring

Let R be a commutative ring, U(R) be the set of all unit elements of R, G be a multiplicative subgroup of U(R) and S be a non-empty subset of G such that S ^?1={s ^?1:?s∈S}?S. In [16], K. Khashyarmanesh et al. defined a graph of R, denoted by Γ(R,G,S), which generalizes both unit and unitary Cayley graphs of R. In this paper, we derive several bounds for the genus of Γ(R,U(R),S). Moreover, we characterize all commutative Artinian rings R for which the genus of Γ(R,U(R),S) is one. This leads to the characterization of all commutative Artinian rings whose unit and unitary Cayley graphs have genus one.     

Minimal Submanifolds in Sp+3 with Constant Scalar Curvature

Let M be a compact, minimal 3-dimensional submanifold with constant scalar curvature R immersed in the standard sphere S^3+p. In codimension 1, we know from the work that has been done on Chern’s conjecture that M is isoparametric and R = 3D0, R = 3D3 or R = 3D6. In this paper we extend this result from codimension one to compact submanifolds with a flat normal bundle and give a complete classification.     

Sum-free sets and Ramsey numbers

In this note we obtain new lower bounds for the Ramsey numbers R(5, 5) and R(5, 6). The method is based on computational results of partitioning the integers into sum-free sets. We obtain R(5, 5)?42 and R(5, 6)?53.     

Ideals contracted from a Noetherian extension ring

Let R be a commutative ring with identity such that for each ideal A of R, there exists a Noetherian unitary extension ring T(A) of R such that A is contracted from T(A). We investigate the structure of R. The context in which this topic has usually been considered is where R is an integal domain and T(A) is an overring of R. Under these hypotheses we show that R is Neotherian if R is one-dimensional. In the general case, R is strongly Laskerian, has Noetherian spectrum, and satisfies certain chain conditions for quotient ideals, but R need not be Noetherian.     

On the Dual Notion of Prime Submodules (II)

Let R be a commutative ring and let M be an R-module. In this paper, we study the dual notion of prime submodules (that is, second submodules of M). Also we introduce the dual notion of weak multiplication R-modules (that is, weak comultiplication modules) in terms of second submodules and investigate some related results.     

Simple homoclinic cycles in low-dimensional spaces

The problem of a classification of robust homoclinic cycles in low-dimensional spaces has been frequently asked in recent years. In this paper, we resume the results in R³ and R⁴ and we solve the problem in R⁵ in the case of orientation-preserving group actions.     

Endomorphisms of semigroups of invertible nonnegative matrices over ordered rings

Let R be a linearly ordered commutative ring with 1/2 and G _n (R) be the subsemigroup of GL _n (R) consisting of matrices with nonnegative elements. In this paper, we describe endomorphisms of this semigroup for n ≥ 3.     

The total graph and regular graph of a commutative ring

Let R be a commutative ring. The total graph of R, denoted by T(Γ(R)) is a graph with all elements of R as vertices, and two distinct vertices x,y∈R, are adjacent if and only if x+y∈Z(R), where Z(R) denotes the set of zero-divisors of R. Let regular graph of R, Reg(Γ(R)), be the induced subgraph of T(Γ(R)) on the regular elements of R. Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring and Z(R) is not an ideal. In this paper we show that if T(Γ(R)) is a connected graph, then . Also, we prove that if R is a finite ring, then T(Γ(R)) is a Hamiltonian graph. Finally, we show that if S is a commutative Noetherian ring and Reg(S) is finite, then S is finite.