355 nm激光作用下苯甲醚的多光子电离质谱研究

在355 nm激光作用下,利用多光子电离技术结合飞行时间质谱(TOF-MS)对苯甲醚分子进行了研究。实验结果表明苯甲醚分子的多光子电离机制属于母体分子电离-解离模型。通过对主要碎片离子的可能形成过程的讨论,得出该波长下母体分子离子解离的主要有两种通道,但是随激光能量的增强,甲基移除通道逐步占据优势成为主要通道。应用高斯软件采用HF/6-31G(d) 方法对苯甲醚分子和苯甲醚阳离子基态的几何构型进行优化得到其稳定构型,并计算了苯甲醚分子离子及其初级解离产物的能量。比较两条通道的碎片离子能量的变化,理论验证了实验中苯甲醚分子主要解离通道的合理性。     

邻溴甲苯多光子电离质谱及从头算

在波长为266 nm激光作用下，利用激光质谱法，得到了邻溴甲苯分子的多光子电离飞行时间质谱。通过分析部分碎片离子占总离子信号的分支比对激光强度的依赖关系，得出邻溴甲苯的多光子电离过程主要是母体分子解离-中性碎片电离。母体分子的解离主要有直接解离和先异构后解离两个可能的通道，对C7H7+、 C6H+、C5H5+等碎片离子的可能形成过程进行了讨论，并利用从头计算法对邻溴甲苯光解过程中的氢原子迁移反应作了理论验证。     

532 nm激光作用下CH3I分子的多光子电离

利用飞行时间质谱仪在超声射流冷却条件下探讨了532 nm激光作用下CH3I分子的多光子电离(MPI)解离过程和机制,得到了分子的飞行时间质谱,质谱中包含较强的I 、CH3 离子信号和较弱的CH3I 、CHn (n≤2)、C 、H 离子信号.不同激光能量下的质谱信号在排布上相似,但在强度上有差别.在532 nm激光作用下CH3I分子的多光子电离包括两个过程:一是CH3I分子由双光子激发到A带解离,生成I原子和CH3基团,然后再吸收光子实现中性碎片电离;另一通道是CH3I分子由三光子共振激发到里德堡C态,处于激发态的母体分子继续吸收两个光子电离形成母体离子,碎片离子可由母体离子解离形成.     

丙酮分子的共振增强多光子电离解离过程的实验研究

报道了在280—286.5nm区域内，通过共振增强多光子电离-飞行时间质谱和质量选择光电离激发谱对丙酮分子的光电离和光解离通道进行了研究，并对部分碎片离子的分质量激发谱进行了归属和标识.实验结果表明，在280—286.5nm紫外光波段内，丙酮分子以母体分子的电离通道为主，即首先电离生成母体离子然后母体离子再吸收光子解离生成碎片离子. 关键词： 丙酮 共振增强多光子电离 飞行时间质谱     

碘乙烷在532nm激光作用下多光子电离解离机理

利用５３２ｎｍ的激光对碘乙烷（Ｃ２Ｈ５Ｉ）分子作了多光子电离解离（ＭＰＩＤ）质谱（ＭＳ）研究。Ｃ２Ｈ３Ｉ分子吸收５３２ｎｍ激光双光子的能量激发跃迁至Ａ带后,碎裂成中性碎片Ｉ原子及Ｃ２Ｈ５自由基,中性碎片再吸收光子经一系列电离解离形成碎片离子,分析了不同激光强度及加速电压下的产物离子与总的碳氢离子哟度比值变化,从而更深地揭示了Ｃ２Ｈ５Ｉ分子在５３２ｎｍ激光作用下的ＭＰＩＤ机理。     

264～280 nm波段萘的共振增强多光子电离研究

在我们自己研制的具有恒温加热进样系统的激光质谱仪上实验获得了气相萘分子的共振增强多光子电离/飞行时间质谱(REMPI-TOFMS),以及萘母体离子C10H8 和一些主要碎片离子C8H6 、C6H6 、C5H3 、C4H3 、C3H3 在264~280 nm的分质量光谱.结合在266 nm激发波长下实验得到的这些离子的光强指数及不同激光能量下的分支比,对母体离子及主要碎片离子的生成机理进行了探讨:在该波段范围内,萘母体分子首先吸收一个光子从基态跃迁至激发态,激发态分子再吸收一个光子而电离产生母体离子C10H8 ;碎片离子C8H6 、C6H6 、C5H3 、C4H3 、C3H3 则是由母体离子进一步吸收光子解离形成的,并给出了可能的解离通道.     

264～280 nm波段萘的共振增强多光子电离研究

在我们自己研制的具有恒温加热进样系统的激光质谱仪上实验获得了气相萘分子的共振增强多光子电离/飞行时间质谱(REMPI-TOFMS),以及萘母体离子C10H+8和一些主要碎片离子C8H+6、C6H+6、C5H+3、C4H+3、C3H+3在264～280 nm的分质量光谱.结合在266 nm激发波长下实验得到的这些离子的光强指数及不同激光能量下的分支比,对母体离子及主要碎片离子的生成机理进行了探讨:在该波段范围内,萘母体分子首先吸收一个光子从基态跃迁至激发态,激发态分子再吸收一个光子而电离产生母体离子C10H+8;碎片离子C8H+6、C6H+6、C5H+3、C4H+3、C3H+3则是由母体离子进一步吸收光子解离形成的,并给出了可能的解离通道.     

二甲基硫分子的共振增强多光子电离解离过程的实验研究

本文报道了在280~286.5 nm区域内,通过共振增强多光子电离-时间飞行质谱和质量选择光电离激发谱对二甲基硫分子的光电离和光解离通道进行了研究.实验结果表明,在280~286.5 nm区域内,二甲基硫分子以母体分子的电离通道为主,即首先电离生成母体离子然后母体离子再解离生成碎片离子.     

利用速度成像技术研究碘乙烷多光子电离解离动力学

卤代烷烃会破坏臭氧层,而碘乙烷（C₂H₅I）是卤代烷烃中重要代表物质之一.采用离子速度成像技术、飞秒激光技术和飞行时间质谱技术,探究了C₂H₅I的多光子电离解离动力学.通过分析C₂H₅I在强场作用下多光子电离解离得到的解离通道、碎片的动能、角度分布和各向异性参数等信息来研究碘乙烷离子（C₂H₅I⁺）C–I键裂解机理.根据飞行时间质谱实验,C₂H₅I在飞秒激光脉冲作用下发生多光子电离解离得到的碎片有C₂H₅⁺,I⁺,CH₂I⁺,C₂H₂⁺,C₂H₃⁺,C₂H₄⁺等.与C–I键相关的碎片为C₂H₅⁺和I⁺,解离机制分别对应于C₂H₅I⁺→C₂H₅⁺+I和C₂H₅I⁺→C₂H₅+I⁺.同时,采用离子速度成像技术研究C₂H₅I⁺的C–I键裂解产生的C₂H₅⁺和I⁺的速度影像,得出两者的速度分布和动能分布,分析结果表明C–I键裂解产生C₂H₅⁺和I⁺的过程都存在高能通道和低能通道.进一步分析解离碎片离子的角度分布发现C₂H₅⁺解离时各向异性参数接近于0,可能对应于慢速的振动预解离过程.I⁺在解离时各向异性参数较高,可能源于排斥势能面上的快速解离过程.最后采用密度泛函理论计算了C₂H₅I分子电离前后构型变化、离子态的能级强度及谐振强度,对C₂H₅I⁺的解离机制做了更进一步的分析和讨论.     

飞秒激光作用下3-甲基吡啶的多光子电离质谱研究

利用800 nm的飞秒激光作为光源对3-甲基吡啶分子进行了多光子电离解离过程和机制的研究,发现3-甲基吡啶为先电离后解离,并分析了可能的解离通道.在B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p)水平下,计算了各个解离通道所需的能量,与我们实验所得的各离子的光强指数符合较好.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.