A New Capillary Electrophoresis Apparatus with Piezoelectric Ceramics High Voltage Source and Amperometric Detector

IntroductionHighperformancecapiliar}'electrophoresis(HPCE)isanewanalyticaltechnology'rapidly'developedinrecentyears.Withtheadvantagesofsmallsample.highsensitivity,highresolution.rapidanalysisandverycheaprunning,ithasbeenappliedinchemistry'.lifescienc...     

HPLC study of tissue distribution of loganin in rats

A rapid, sensitive and selective high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for determination of loganin in rat tissues. Samples were prepared based on a simple protein precipitation. Separation of loganin was achieved on a reversed-phase C(18) column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (16:84, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 236 nm and the temperature of the column was kept at 30 degrees C. The method was applied to study tissue distribution of loganin in rats after a single administration of loganin at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The highest level was observed in kidney, then in stomach, lung and small intestine. The lowest level was found in brain. The peak levels were attained at 90 min in most tissues. It was indicated that kidney was the major distribution tissue of loganin in rats, and that loganin had difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier. It was also found there was no long-term accumulation of loganin in rat tissues.     

亲水相互作用色谱柱串联C18柱高效分析饮品中的胭脂红

建立了亲水相互作用色谱柱(HILIC)串联C18柱的方法,高效分离实际样品中的胭脂红,并对色谱柱的串联顺序以及色谱分离条件进行优化。结果表明:当HILIC柱在前C18柱在后,流动相为乙腈-乙酸铵(5 mmol/L)=91∶9(V/V),流速为0.9 mL/min,柱温为25℃,检测波长为508 nm时,此时胭脂红的分离效果最佳。在最佳的色谱分离条件下,选用两种市售饮品进行实际样品的测定,回收率在81.2%~119%。方法适用于水相样品中的强极性物质的高效分离与分析。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中N-乙基全氟辛烷磺酰胺

提出了用气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中N-乙基全氟辛烷磺酰胺的方法。试样经甲醇超声提取后,在旋转蒸发仪中浓缩至5 mL,通过DB-5MS色谱柱分离,采用选择离子监测模式检测,定性离子为m/z69,108,131,169,448,定量离子为m/z108。N-乙基全氟辛烷磺酰胺的质量浓度在0.2~20.0 mg.L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.69μg.L-1。用标准加入法做回收试验,测定平均回收率为97%。     

纳米催化剂在CO_(2)加氢制甲醇中的研究进展北大核心CSCD

为减缓温室效应,将CO_(2)转换成高附加值的甲醇是减少CO_(2)排放的有效途径,而高效催化剂是CO_(2)加氢制甲醇反应规模化的关键.可调控合成的具有量子尺寸效应的纳米催化剂在该反应上具有独特的优势.因此我们深入探讨了反应机理,综述了纳米材料在CO_(2)加氢制甲醇中的研究进展,最后给出了高效催化剂可能的发展方向.     

柱后衍生HPLC法测定功能饮料中的牛磺酸

建立柱后衍生–高效液相色谱法测定功能性饮料中牛磺酸的含量。功能性饮料中的牛磺酸经水溶提取后与邻苯二甲醛柱后衍生,以柠檬酸三钠溶液(p H 3.2)为流动相,用AMINO–NA色谱柱分离,荧光检测器检测,激发波长为338 nm,发射波长为425 nm,柱后衍生反应温度为55℃,流量为0.4 m L/min。牛磺酸质量浓度在5.0~25.0μg/m L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.999 8,检出限(S/N=3)为0.11μg/m L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.73%(n=6),加标回收率在99.2%~101.6%之间。该方法灵敏度高、选择性好,可用于市售功能性饮料中牛磺酸的测定。     

高效液相色谱梯度法测定雷公藤制剂中雷公藤甲素的含量

采用高效液相色谱梯度法分离测定雷公藤制剂中雷公藤甲素的含量,用国产YWG色谱柱分离,二极管阵列检测器检测,所得三维光谱与空白光谱进行差减,取波长218nm处色谱图积分,定量。与等度法比较,梯度法具有更高的分离度、灵敏度,测定雷公藤口服液中雷公藤甲素的质量浓度为202．0μg／L,每片雷公藤片剂含甲素11．74μg,结果显著低于等度法和标示量（P<0．05）。     

头发微量元素及钙含量测定的应用价值评价

以125例2～5岁儿童为对象，测定其全血和头发铅、锌、铁、钙含量；以全血铅、锌、铁、钙含量为标准，应用诊断试验评价方法评价头发铅、锌、铁、钙测定的应用价值。结果表明，头发铅测定的灵敏度可达88．3％，应用串联试验，头发铅测定的特异度可提高至81．8％，阳性预测值达69．6％，阴性预测值达78．8％。头发锌测定的灵敏度可达86．1％，特异度为52．4％，阳性预测值75．6％，阴性预测值为68．8％。头发铁测定的灵敏度为72．0％，特异度为77．5％，阳性预测值为83．6％，阴性预测值为63．3％，头发钙测定的灵敏度为78．9％，特异度为69．1％，阳性预测值为69．8％，阴性预测值为78．4％。锌缺乏、铁缺乏、钙缺乏，或铅负荷过高，或数种微量元素缺乏及铅中毒并存是当前严重影响儿童健康成长的常见原因。运用现代检测技术早期发现微量元素缺乏及铅中毒患儿并及时采取防治措施对促进儿童正常生长发育至关重要。头发样品容易采集、运送和保存，因此头发微量元素含量测定适合在中小城镇及农村使用。但其应用价值应进行科学评价。     

高频感应炉燃烧–红外吸收法测定银杏及银杏叶中的硫含量

采用高频感应炉燃烧–红外吸收法测定银杏叶、银杏果肉、银杏壳和银杏仁中的硫含量。样品以艾士卡试剂为熔融剂,在800℃马弗炉内熔融1 h,冷却后测定硫含量。硫的质量分数在0.40%~4.00%范围内与吸收峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.990 4,检出限为0.000 9%。测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.04%(n=11),平均加标回收率为101.03%。将红外吸收法与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法及硫酸钡重量法进行比对试验,3种方法测定结果相一致。利用该方法测定了不同区域银杏叶中硫的含量,结果表明,风景区和居民区银杏叶干燥基全硫的含量较低,重工业区硫含量较高。对同一地区的银杏果肉、银杏壳、银杏仁中干燥基全硫的含量进行比较,结果表明银杏果肉硫含量最高,银杏壳次之,银杏仁最低。该方法灵敏度高,重现性好,可用于银杏及银杏叶中硫含量的准确测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中头孢喹肟残留量

建立了牛奶中硫酸头孢喹肟的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。用80％乙腈提取试样中的药物,加水稀释后采用HLB固相萃取柱净化,UPLC-MS/MS法测定,仪器检测程序总色谱时间仅为1 min。结果表明,方法平均回收率为80.3％～85.7％;批内变异系数在2.8％～6.3％之间;批间变异系数在3...     

乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定土壤中甲醛

建立乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定土壤中甲醛含量的分析方法。在磷酸介质中,土壤中的甲醛经过加热蒸馏提取,与乙酰丙酮反应生成黄色的二乙酰基二氢二甲基吡啶,然后于412 nm波长处测定其吸光度。甲醛含量在0.0~25μg范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 6,加标回收率为76.2%~87.5%,方法检出限为0.03 mg/kg,定量限为0.12 mg/kg,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.73%~3.68%(n=6)。该方法灵敏度高,分析速度快,适用于土壤中甲醛含量的测定。     

1,1,3,3-四(全氟己基乙基)二锡氧烷二聚体在环氧化合物开环反应中的催化作用

采用氟碳-有机溶剂两相催化体系,考察了1,1,3,3-四(全氟己基乙基)二锡氧烷二聚体(1)在环氧化合物开环反应中的催化作用.结果表明,催化剂(1)在氟碳-有机溶剂两相体系中使环氧苯乙烯和甲醇的开环反应产率高达95%,¹³CNMR谱表明,开环反应的区域选择性为100%.在氟碳-有机溶剂两相催化体系中以一锅法制备了3-苯基丙酸2-甲氧基-2-苯乙醇酯,收率高,方法简便,催化剂几乎可以定量回收循环使用.     

气相色谱法测定化妆品中二甘醇的含量及其测量不确度评定

采用气相色谱法测定了化妆品中的二甘醇,并用计量学方法对测量不确定度进行了评定。结果显示,二甘醇含量在0.01~0.1 mg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 9,检测限为0.41μg/mL,不同类别的3种样品中二甘醇测定结果的相对标准偏差在0.24%~1.52%范围内(n=6),平均回收率在93.65%~104.36%之间。当啫喱水样品中二甘醇的测定结果为48.1 mg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为1.4 mg/kg。该方法可用于化妆品中二甘醇含量的质量控制。     

Utilization of cyanobacteria in photobioreactors for orthophosphate removal from water

The effectiveness of photosynthetic free-living and polyurethane foam (PU) immobilized Anabaena variabilis cells for, removal of orthophosphate (P) from water in batch cultures and in a photobioreactor was studied. Immobilization in PU foams was found to have a positive effect on P uptake by cyanobacteria in batch cultures. The efficiency of P uptake by immobilized cells was higher than by free-living cells. A laboratory scale photobioreactor was constructed for removal of P from water by the immobilized cyanobacteria. The photobioreactor was designed so that the growth medium (water) from a reservoir was pumped through a photobioreactor column with immobilized cyanobacteria and back to the reservoir. This created a closed system in which it was possible to measure P uptake. No leakage of cells into the photobioreactor medium reservoir was observed during the operation. The immobilized cells incorporated into a photobioreactor column removed P continuously for about 15 d. No measurable uptake was demonstrated after this period. Orthophosphate uptake efficiency of 88–92% was achieved by the photobioreactor.     

动态超声辅助萃取与HPLC联用测定淫羊藿中黄酮类化合物

建立了动态超声辅助萃取与高效液相色谱在线联用系统,用于测量淫羊藿中黄酮类化合物。萃取过程在一个循环体系中完成,萃取完成后,通过采样环采集20μL萃取液,萃取液被流动相载入色谱系统进行分离检测。4种黄酮类化合物用HPLC–MS区分,通过比较色谱峰面积选择优化萃取条件。选择50℃的水浴温度,50%的乙醇作为萃取剂,萃取剂流速为1.5 mL/min,萃取时间为8 min,样品量为15 mg。用该法测量淫羊藿样品中4种黄酮类化合物,日内、日间精密度分别为1.05%～2.05%,0.30%～3.63%(n=6)。淫羊藿中的主要化合物淫羊藿苷的加标回收率为95.2%。该方法可用于测量淫羊藿中的黄酮类化合物。     

Residual stress and deformation during rapid cooling process in an epoxy plate

Residual stress in the epoxy plate during a rapid cooling process was measured by the layer removal method and calculated by the linear thermoviscoelastic theory considering specific volume relaxation. The relaxations of the tensile modulus and specific volume were measured by an Instron thermomechanical analyzer. When the starting temperature of the cooling process was near the glass transition temperature of the cured epoxy, the residual stress in the epoxy plate was smaller than when the starting temperature was higher than the glass transition temperature. However, the transient stress in the cured epoxy plate was higher when the starting temperature was near the glass transition temperature than when the starting temperature was higher than the glass transition temperature. The quenched epoxy plate was compressed in the direction parallel to the surface and expanded in the thickness direction.     

Electro-responsive polyacrylamide-grafted-gum ghatti copolymer for transdermal drug delivery application

An application of polyacrylamide-grafted-gum ghatti (PAAm-g-GGH) copolymer for transdermal delivery of an anti-psychotic drug, quetiapine fumerate triggered by electric stimulus was explored. The electro-responsive PAAm-g-GGH was prepared by free radical polymerization underneath nitrogen atmosphere subsequent to alkaline hydrolysis. The PAAm-g-GGH was used as drug reservoir gel and crosslinked films of GGH and PVA as rate controlling membranes (RCM). The reservoir gels were uniform and translucent; pH of gels was 6.56–7.06, which is in the pH range of skin and drug content was from 89.57% to 94.51%. The thickness of RCMs was 163–227?μ; thickness was increased with increased glutaraldehyde concentration and all the RCMs were permeable to water vapors. When electric stimulus was absent, a small amount of drug was permeated from the formulations, while drug conveyance was enhanced in the existence of stimulus. Drug permeation was increased with increase in electric stimulus from 2 to 8?mA. Over two fold increase in flux was observed after application of electric stimulus. Under “on–off” electric stimulus, faster drug permeation was seen under ‘on’ condition and permeation was decreased when stimulus was ‘off.’ Histopathology study confirmed reversible alteration of skin structure under electric stimulus.     

顶空气相法测定氯乙烯生产过程产生的盐酸溶液中的乙炔和氯乙烯

 采用顶空气相法测定了氯乙烯生产过程产生的盐酸溶液中的乙炔和氯乙烯。使用氢氧化钠将试样中的氯化氢中和 ,从而消除其在气相分析乙炔和氯乙烯中的影响。顶空平衡温度为 35℃ ,平衡时间为 4 5min ,柱为填充了GDX 2 0 2固定相的 2m× 3mmi d 不锈钢柱 ,柱温 14 0℃。顶空气体进样量为 1mL。以外标法定量 ,乙炔含量测定结果的相对标准偏差为 0 85 % ;当其含量为 30 0 μg/g～ 15 0 μg/g时 ,回收率为 98 9%～10 3%。氯乙烯含量测定结果的相对标准偏差为 1 4 % ;当其含量为 2 0 0 μg/g～ 10 0 μg/g时 ,回收率为 98 8%～10 2 %。     

超临界氮气对聚苯乙烯微观形态的影响——喷泉效应与层状结构的形成

当流体的温度和压力处于它的临界温度和临界压力以上时,称该流体处于超临界状态,为超临界流体.超临界流体表现出许多不同于一般气体和液体的特性,如溶质在超临界流体中的溶解度可较同温常压下溶质在同种气体中的溶解度大很多,超临界流体密度与液体的密度相近,其粘度却比液体小近百倍,导热系数比常压气体大得多等.由于超临界流体具有这些不同寻常的特性,因而以超临界萃取为代表的超临界流体已有广泛的工业应用.近年来超临界流体在聚合物加工中的应用逐渐受到重视,如超临界分级、造粒、气体辅助注塑成型、发泡成型等[1～3].     

阴离子表面活性剂聚二硫二丙烷磺酸钠的合成

利用硫化钠与硫磺反应制备二硫化钠,然后将二硫化钠与1,3-丙磺酸内酯反应,合成了一种可作为电镀添加剂的阴离子表面活性剂——聚二硫二丙烷磺酸钠(SPS)。采用核磁共振氢谱对合成产物进行结构表征,确认了产物结构及产率。通过正交试验研究了产物产率与反应物配比、反应温度、溶剂加入量等因素之间的关系,找出了最优合成条件:第一步合成二硫化钠的反应中,硫化钠/硫磺物质的量比为1∶1.3,温度55℃,加水量18 mL;第二步合成SPS的反应中,1,3-丙磺酸内酯/硫化钠物质的量比为1.7∶1,温度40℃,溶剂量75 mL,产物的最高产率可达到95.8%。