一种基于散射参数级联的微波自动测试系统校准方法

<正>公布号:CN104849687A;公布日:2015.08.19申请人:中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所摘要:本发明提出了一种基于散射参数级联的微波自动测试系统校准方法,包括以下步骤:根据具体测试应用状态,确定校准和测试所包含的全部测试通道及其各基本组成单元,并     

稀土掺杂对锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4结构及电性能的影响

利用微波加热技术合成稀土掺杂基锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2-xRExO4(RE=Y，Nd，Gd，Ce)，通过XRD、循环伏安及恒电漉充放电测试研究了稀土掺杂离子对合成正极材料结构及电化学性能的影响。XRD测试结果表明，合适的掺杂量可以起到扩展锂离子脱嵌通道和稳定骨架结构的作用，稀土离子的引入可以部分取代原有的三价锰离子，由于稀土离子的离子半径较三价锰离子大，因此稀土掺杂锰酸锂材料的晶胞参数比未掺杂材料大，在一定程度上扩充了锂离子迁移的三维通道，更有利于锂离子的嵌入与脱嵌；循环伏安及恒电漉充放电测试结果表明稀土掺杂有效提高了LiMn2O4材料的电化学循环可逆性及循环稳定性。     

一种油井堵水控水自修复水凝胶

针对高含水储层堵水、控水困难的问题,采用多重物理、化学作用,以弱交联两性离子高分子/表面活性剂协同组装成超分子凝胶堵剂体系。通过测试不同影响因素下凝胶体系的表观粘度,优化组装自修复水凝胶堵剂的最佳条件,采用流变仪测试了凝胶的流变性及剪切修复性,采用盐水配制凝胶测试了体系的稳定性,采用岩心流动实验测试了堵剂体系的封堵和控水能力,通过扫描电子显微镜分析了堵剂凝胶的成胶、堵水控水机理。研究结果表明,堵剂凝胶被剪切后粘度具有良好的自组装修复性能。同时堵剂凝胶具有良好的封堵能力、热稳定性和耐盐性。堵剂对高渗岩心封堵效果优于低渗岩心。岩心驱替时,驱替液难以完全扫过岩心的每一个流通通道。岩心见水后油流将难以取代水流通道,即难以降低生产含水。凝胶堵剂通过多重作用形成具有自修复功能的树状网络结构,以实现体系的疏水、控水功能。     

专利介绍

水中阴离子表面活性剂的测试装置及制备方法 本发明提供一种简易测定水中阴离子表面活性剂含量的测试装置．这种测试装置由测试导管连接2个漏斗，测试导管之间串联管状流通式敏感膜电极构成测试通道，内参比电极设置于管状流通式敏感膜电极上，外参比饱和甘汞电极插在一个漏斗之中，内外参比电极通过导线与pH酸度计相连．本发明以自制石墨测试导管为基体，     

快速检测心型脂肪酸结合蛋白的荧光免疫微流体测试卡

研制出一种以时间分辨荧光微球作为标记,自驱动快速检测H-FABP的荧光免疫微流体测试卡.利用激光切割法在双面胶上简便、快速地切割出所设计的微通道结构,并采用激光切割法制作出聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)测试卡底板及上盖.使用提拉涂膜的方法在PMMA底板表面修饰马来酸酐官能团,有效地解决了捕获抗体在PMMA表面的固定问题.使用等离子体处理测试卡上盖改善其亲水性,使液体能够在微通道内自行流动.使用此测试卡可以实现对心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)的快速检测,线性检测范围为0.5～ 100 ng/mL,检出限为0.1 ng/mL(S/N=3),检测时间少于10 min,批内相对标准偏差(RSD) ＜10％,批间RSD＜15％.本方法具有灵敏度高、检测时间短、结果准确等优点,可以满足临床检测的需求,具有良好的应用前景.     

铝基火花源发射光谱仪测定MB1镁合金中锰含量

建立了用铝基体火花源原子发射光谱仪现有通道硬件测定镁合金(MB1)中锰元素含量的方法.方法线性相关系数为0.967 6,RSD为1.66%.对8个未知样品进行了测试,结果与化学分析方法所得结果一致.     

彩色照相材料信道容量的研究

本文从信息论观点出发,将彩色照相材料作为一个客观景物信息的传输通道,其单个空间可分辨面积构成一个独立信道,照相材料是大量独立信道并联组成的扩展信道,并提出了使用复层Shannon熵计算彩色照相材料独立信道容量的方法。作者在PDS显微光密度计——电子计算机系统上发展了全套测试计算程序,并完成了中国1821型彩色红外航空负片的信道容量测试。     

纳通道的物质传输特性及应用

近年来,随着材料科学、微纳加工技术和微纳尺度物质传输理论的发展,纳通道技术得到了越来越多的研究和关注。纳通道包括生物纳通道和人工纳通道,其孔径通常为1~100 nm。在这一尺度下,通道表面与通道内物质之间的作用概率大大增强,使得纳通道表现出许多与宏观体系不同的物质传输特性,例如通道表面电荷与通道内离子之间的静电作用产生了离子选择性,通道内电化学势的不对称分布产生了离子整流特性,物质传输过程中占据通道产生了阻塞脉冲特性等。纳通道中的这些物质传输特性在传感、分离、能源等领域具有广泛应用,例如通过对纳通道进行功能化修饰可以实现门控离子传输;利用亚纳米尺度的通道可以实现单分子传感;利用通道与传输物质之间的相互作用可以实现离子、分子、纳米粒子的分离;利用纳通道的离子选择性可以在通道内实现电荷分离,将不同形式的能量（如光、热、压力、盐差等）高效转化为电能。纳通道技术是化学、材料科学、纳米技术等多学科的交叉集合,在解决生物、环境、能源等基本问题方面具有良好的前景。该文综述了近10年来与纳通道物质传输理论以及纳通道技术应用相关的前沿研究,梳理了纳通道技术的发展过程,并对其在各个领域的应用进行了总结与展望。     

基于石蜡庚烷溶液的低成本纸基微流控分析装置的制备及其应用

介绍了一种新型的使用石蜡庚烷溶液制备纸基微流控分析装置的工艺,操作更加简单迅速,成本更加低廉。使用混合样品溶液进行测试,证明该装置可以完成对蛋白质、葡萄糖和pH值的同时检测,并可以用于定量分析。纸基微流控分析装置对样品检测的精度范围分别为:牛血清蛋白2.0×10-5~1.00×10-4mol/L,葡萄糖0.02~0.1 mol/L。并对加热处理过程中微流控通道壁的扩散现象进行了初步研究,发现加热前后通道壁厚度的变化呈线性规律。     

选择性传输的仿生水通道的研究进展

水通道蛋白是对水分子具有高选择性和渗透性的跨膜蛋白。仿生水通道是由各种无机或有机材料,如碳纳米材料、有机化合物以及肽等分别自组装而成,旨在模仿天然水通道蛋白的结构和功能。本文介绍了水通道蛋白的种类、结构及其特异性透水机理,在此基础上分别对以碳纳米材料、有机及肽孔的仿生水通道的研究进展进行了综述。重点阐述了三类仿生水通道的材料特性及其对仿生水通道结构和功能的影响。最后针对现有仿生水通道的不足,提出了开发新型仿生水通道面临的挑战,并展望了仿生水通道的发展前景。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光测定钨钼锡矿中的主次成分

采用熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定矿物中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo、W、Al、Fe、Si、K、Na、Ti、Ca、Sn等13种主次量元素,采用混合均匀的三混熔剂,以硝酸锂为氧化剂、溴化锂为脱膜剂,进行实验条件优化选择。在650℃下对样品进行预氧化,在1100℃下高温熔融,熔融时间为300 s,最后制成均匀透明,表面光滑无气孔的熔片,以部分国家一级标准物质和自制的钨钼锡标准样品,熔融制片进行测定,线性拟合建立标准曲线,并通过测定谱线选择、基体校正,使钨钼锡的测定范围扩宽,从微量到主量均能进行测定,并且适用于多种不同矿石的测定。样品的组成和含量变化会对分析线强度造成吸收、增强以及谱线重叠的影响,采用经验系数和理论α系数结合来校正其产生的基体效应。相同条件下熔融10个标准样品进行测定,其相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%,表明方法的准确度、精密度均满足国家相关质量标准的要求。选用一些含量不同的标准样品进行测定,最终的测定结果与标准值相符,表明方法可用于钨钼锡矿的测定。     

128例脑性瘫痪血钙、锌、铁、铜、镁元素分析

为探讨小儿脑性瘫痪(CP)体内微量元素的变化,测定了128例脑性瘫痪患者血钙、锌、铁、铜、镁含量,随机选择128例正常儿童进行对照分析。结果表明,两组病例血锌、铜、镁均在正常范围,脑瘫组血钙56例、铁45例低于正常参考值,健康组血钙16例、铁11例低于正常参考值。经统计学处理,两组病例中血钙、铁、铜、镁含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05),血锌无显著性差异(P>0.05)。提示脑瘫儿童血钙、铁、铜、镁含量均低于正常儿童,补充钙、铁、镁等可能有利于脑瘫康复。     

中药质量控制技术发展展望

本文从中药产业需求、现代化需求、技术需求、机遇与挑战等方面概括了中药质量控制技术发展的背景;讨论了中药质量控制技术对于提高中药药效和安全性、推动产业发展和推进中药国际化的意义;综述了中药质量控制技术的现状,分析了在过程控制、安全性控制、标准品和对照品制备、指纹图谱技术等方面的不足;提出了中药质量控制技术应重点发展以分离和表征技术为主的中药质量控制关键技术、中药安全性控制技术、中药质量控制标准体系、中药质量控制原创性技术和中药标准品、对照品生产技术,制定技术标准,建立具有中药特色的过程控制和产品质量控制标准。     

血清铁、锌、钙、镁、磷与妊娠的关系探讨

为探讨血清铁、锌、钙、镁、磷在孕妇体内的水平，做好围产期孕妇的保健工作，提高孕产妇的健康水平和新生儿健康素质，抽取125例孕中期妇女空腹静脉血，采用透射比浊法测定了其血清铁、锌、钙、镁、磷的含量。结果表明，铁、锌、钙、镁、磷的异常在孕妇中有一定的发生率，其中尤以钙与锌的缺乏最为多见。提示应定期检测孕妇血清铁、锌、钙、镁、磷水平，并采取相府的防治措施．以提高孕产妇及新生儿的健康水平。     

Effect of Cr(VI) anions on adsorption and desorption behavior of Cu(II) in the colloidal systems of two authentic variable charge soils

Heavy metals in wastes exist as multiple pollutants. The study of the interactions between multiple pollutants and soils should be of significance in practice. In the present study, the effect of chromate on adsorption and desorption behavior of Cu(II) in two variable charge soils was investigated, with the emphasis on the adsorption and desorption equilibria of Cu(II). The results showed that chromate can affect adsorption and desorption of Cu(II) in the colloidal systems of two variable charge soils. The extent of the effect was related to the initial concentrations of chromate and Cu(II), the system pH, and the nature of the soils. The presence of chromate led to an increase in the adsorption of Cu(II). For example, in the presence of 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.5 mmol L(-1) of chromate, for the rhodic ferralsol the adsorption of Cu(II) increased by 15.3, 18.0, 19.0, and 20.2%, respectively. For the hyperrhodic ferrasol, the corresponding figures were 11.9, 17.0, 20.3, and 26.1%, respectively. The presence of chromate also caused an increase in the desorption of Cu(II). For instance, in the presence of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mmol L(-1) of chromate, the desorption for the rhodic ferralsol increased by 16.9, 27.5, and 34.1%, respectively. For the hyperrhodic ferralsol, the corresponding figures were 18.1, 35.6, and 51.4%, respectively. The increments of the adsorption and desorption increased with the increase in equilibrium concentration of Cu(II) in the solution. For instance, when the equilibrium concentrations were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mmol L(-1), the increments for the rhodic ferralsol were 2.5, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.0 mmol kg(-1), respectively. For the hyperrhodic ferralsol, the corresponding figures were 2.9, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.2 mmol kg(-1), respectively. The effect of chromate for the hyperrhodic ferralsol was greater than that for the rhodic ferralsol. This is caused by the difference in the content of iron oxides for the two soils. The increments of the adsorption and the desorption of Cu(II) increased with the rise in pH, reaching a maximum value, and then decreased. It can be assumed that the increment of the adsorption was caused by the change in surface charge of the soils induced by the adsorption of chromate and the cooperative adsorption of chromate adsorbed and Cu(II). The increase of electrostatically adsorbed Cu(II) was responsible for the increase in the desorption of Cu(II).     

Elemental Characterization of Ciders and Other Low-Percentage Alcoholic Beverages Available on the Polish Market

Seventy-three samples of alcoholic beverages and juices that were purchased on the Polish market and home-made were analyzed for their elemental profiles. The levels of 23 metals were determined by ICP-MS (Ag, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Tl), ICP-OES (Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ti and Zn) and CVAAS (Hg) techniques in twenty-five samples of ciders widely available on the Polish market; six samples of home-made ciders; two samples of juices used in the production of these ciders; and forty samples of low-percentage, flavored alcoholic beverages based on beer. The gathered analytical data confirmed that the final elemental fingerprint of a product is affected by the elemental fingerprint of the ingredients used (apple variety) as well as the technology and equipment used by the producer, and in the case of commercial ciders, also the impact of type of the packaging used was proven. These factors are specific to each producer and the influence of the mentioned above parameters was revealed as a result of the performed analysis. Additionally, the inclusion of the home-made ciders in the data set helped us to understand the potential origin of some elements, from the raw materials to the final products. The applied statistical tests revealed (Kruskal–Wallis and ANOVA) the existence of statistically significant differences in the concentration of the following metals: Ag, Al, B, Bi, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, Ni, Ti and Zn in terms of the type of cider origin (commercial and home-made). In turn, for different packaging (can or bottle) within one brand of commercial cider, the existence of statistically significant differences for Cu, Mn and Na was proved. The concentrations of all determined elements in the commercial cider from the Polish market and home-made cider samples can be considered as nontoxic, because the measured levels of elements indicated in the regulations were lower than the allowable limits. Moreover, the obtained results can be treated as preliminary for the potential authentication of products in order to distinguish the home-made (fake) from the authentic products, especially for premium-class alcoholic beverages.     

Cathode of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell with a solid polymer electrolyte: The effect of the flooding of pores by water on the characteristics of the active layer

A computer model of the active layer of the cathode of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell with a solid polymer electrolyte is studied. The active mass of the electrode consists of equidimensional grains of the substrate (agglomerates of carbon particles with platinum particles embedded in them) and a solid polymer electrolyte (Nafion). The flooding by water can be experienced by both the pores in the substrate grains, which facilitate the oxygen penetration into the active layer of the electrode, and the voids between the grains. All possible versions of the flooding of these pores by water are considered. A calculation of the optimum, at a given polarization of the electrode, value of electrochemical activity, the thickness of the active layer, and the weight of platinum is performed. The major parameters of the system are the concentrations of grains of the substrate and solid polymer electrolyte, the size of these grains, the platinum concentration in the substrate grains, the average diameter of pores in the substrate grains, and the polarization of electrodes. The ultimate aim of the work is to estimate how the flooding of pores of the active layer of the cathode by water affects the magnitude of the optimum current, the effective thickness of the active layer, and the weight of platinum.Translated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2005, pp. 35–47.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Chirkov, Rostokin.     

Metal chelates of phosphonate-containing ligands: VII. Analytical applications of 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid

The polarographic behavior of copper, lead, antimony, and zinc ions in the presence of the title ligand, HEDP, is discussed. In highly alkaline solutions, the reversible wave of copper splits into two components, reversible and irreversible, the first of which is attributed to the reduction of the free cupric ions and the second wave was assigned to the reduction of the copper phosphonate species. The polarograms of zinc and antimony showed the presence of a single irreversible wave. In the case of lead, a quasi-reversible wave is observed. Cobalt and nickel forms inactive phosphonate chelates as inferred from the suppression of the wave heights with increasing of both the concentration of the ligand and the pH of the medium. In the presence of sufficiently excess HEDP buffered to pH 11.8, mixtures of the six elements showed the presence of four reasonably separated waves at half-wave potential values ?0.51, ?0.83, ?1.17, and ?1.55 V vs SCE corresponding to the reductions of copper, lead, antimony, and zinc complexes, respectively. The possibility of the individual and simultaneous analysis of these elements in their ternary mixtures with cobalt and nickel is discussed.     

Preparation of high-quality colloidal mask for nanosphere lithography by a combination of air/water interface self-assembly and solvent vapor annealing

Nanosphere lithography (NSL) has been regarded as an inexpensive, inherently parallel, high-throughput, materials-general approach to the fabrication of nanoparticle arrays. However, the order of the resulting nanoparticle array is essentially dependent on the quality of the colloidal monolayer mask. Furthermore, the lateral feature size of the nanoparticles created using NSL is coupled with the diameter of the colloidal spheres, which makes it inconvenient for studying the size-dependent properties of nanoparticles. In this work, we demonstrate a facile approach to the fabrication of a large-area, transferrable, high-quality latex colloidal mask for nanosphere lithography. The approach is based on a combination of the air/water interface self-assembly method and the solvent-vapor-annealing technique. It enables the fabrication of colloidal masks with a higher crystalline integrity compared to those produced by other strategies. By manipulating the diameter of the colloidal spheres and precisely tuning the solvent-vapor-annealing process, flexible control of the size, shape, and spacing of the interstice in a colloidal mask can be realized, which may facilitate the broad use of NSL in studying the size-, shape-, and period-dependent optical, magnetic, electronic, and catalytic properties of nanomaterials.     

1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯自聚产物的结构表征

用IR与NMR表征了用醋酸钾为催化剂时 1,6 六亚甲基二异氰酸酯 (HDI)自聚产物的结构 .结果表明 ,自聚主产物是三聚体异氰脲酸酯 ,主要含有三聚体异氰脲基、异氰酸根 ,同时含有由杂质带来的微量氨基甲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯基、取代脲基、缩二脲基 .一维核磁谱及二维化学位移相关谱分辨出 7种羰基 ,一种NCO基 ,确定了氮上 8种不同取代结构的分子链连接情况 .通过建立理论模型 ,定量地描述了自聚产物的结构 .