HPLC-APCl（＋）MS／MS分析动物源性食品中的硝基咪唑类药物残留量

运用高效液相色谱-大气压电离串联四极杆质谱（HPLC-APCI（＋）MS／MS）内标法分析动物源性食品中多种硝基咪唑类（nitroimidazoles）药物——甲硝唑（MNZ）、地美硝唑（DMZ）、替硝唑（TNZ）、洛硝唑（RNZ）的含量。样品添加氘代标示物HMMNI—D^3、IPZ—OH—D^3后，用乙腈提取，通过OASIS HLB C18 SPE柱净化，Waters Sunfire C18色谱柱分离，采用梯度洗脱，流动相为0．1％甲酸水溶液和0．1％甲酸乙腈溶液；大气压电离源正离子MRM模式检测：MNZ m／z 172．0／82．1，172．0／128．0；DMZ m／z 142．0／81．1，142．0／96．1；TNZ m／z 248．0／121．0，248．0／93．1；RNZ m／z 201．0／140．0，201．0／110．0；IPZ—OH—D^3m／z189．0／125．0，189．0／171．0；HMMNI—D^3m／z161．0／58．0，161．0／143．1。方法定量下限（LOQ，S／N〉10）0．2μg／kg，在质量浓度0．2—25．0μg/L范围内，峰面积与质量浓度成良好线性（r〉0．9991）。     

对虾中氯霉素残留的分析方法研究

用液相色谱-质谱法定量检测对虾中微量的氯霉素残留。采用乙酸乙酯超声提取对虾组织中的氯霉素残留,以甲醇为流动相,选择m／x321／152为氯霉素的检测离子对,用多反应监测(MRM)技术测定。氯霉素流出液相色谱的时间在1．5min以内;线性范围是0．28-28．0μg／L;线性相关系数为0．99991。对虾中氯霉素的定量检测下限是0．07μg／kg,平均回收率在89％以上。该方法快速、灵敏,定量范围宽,检验结果准确可靠,应用性强。     

母乳中甲硝唑、替硝唑测定及药代动力学

采用高效液相色谱法测定哺乳妇女单剂量静滴甲硝唑 ( 2 0mg/kg ,n =8)、替硝唑 ( 1 3mg/kg ,n =7)乳汁药物浓度 ,色谱柱为 pecoshereC1 8( 3μm ,3.3cm× 4.6mm) ,氯仿提取乳汁中药物 ,其平均回收率大于 88.8% .乳汁中甲硝唑与替硝唑药代动力学参数tmax,Cmax,t1 / 2Ke分别为 1 .7± 1 .0h ,2 0 .1 0± 4.95μg/mL ,6.4± 3.3h和 1 .3±0 .6h ,1 7.2 3± 3.1 2 μg/mL ,1 1 .0± 3.5h .     

高效液相色谱法检测鳗鱼中氟苯尼考残留量

建立了鳗鱼肌肉中氟苯尼考残留的分析方法。采用乙酸乙酯作为提取剂,提取液挥干后溶于缓冲液中,经正已烷脱脂、C18SPE小柱净化后,采用高效液相色谱进行分析,方法在1～200ng之间呈线性相关;相关系数r=0．9999。对于0．05、0．10、0．50mg／kg 3个添加水平,平均回收率均在90％以上,相对标准偏差为4．24％～7．36％,方法检出限和定量限分别为9．1μg/kg和22．3μg／kg。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾三级四极杆质谱测定鸡肉组织中氯霉素残留的研究

建立了鸡肉组织中氯霉素残留的液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用(LC—ESI—MS—MS)测定法。采用微量化前处理方法,省去固相萃取步骤,以m／z321．0为母离子,m／z152．1、257．0和194．1为子离子,采用多反应监测(MRM)负离子模式对鸡肉组织中的氯霉素残留进行检测、方法的检出限为0．010μg／kg(S／N≥3),定量下限为0．10μg／kg,线性范围为0．100～1．00μg／L,加标回收率为74．3％～84．0％,相对标准偏差(n=6)为7．9％～12．7％。该法具有操作简便、有机试剂消耗量少、测定周期短等优点。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法对奶粉中3种硝基咪唑残留物的测定

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法测定奶粉中甲硝唑(MNZ)、二甲硝唑(DMZ)和洛硝哒唑(RNZ)3种硝基咪唑类残留物的方法。样品以乙酸乙酯和乙腈提取,正己烷脱脂,浓缩过滤后进行超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析,多反应监测正离子模式扫描。实验优化了质谱条件,并考察了方法的灵敏度、准确度、精密度和回收率。甲硝唑、二甲硝唑和洛硝哒唑的线性范围为2.5~100.0μg/L,定量下限均为2.5μg/kg,在2.5、5.0、10.0μg/kg 3个水平的加标回收率为89%~112%,相对标准偏差为4.0%~7.1%。该方法简捷、灵敏度高,可用于奶粉中硝基咪唑残留的检测。     

液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定动物肌肉组织中的氯霉素残留

建立了动物肌肉组织中氯霉素残留检测的液相色谱-串联质谱确证方法。样本用乙腈-醋酸缓冲液(μH=5．0)(体积比80：20)匀质提取,乙酸乙酯液-液分配净化,以甲醇-水溶液(体积比40：60)作为流动相经反相色谱柱分离后进行质谱分析、采用负电喷雾电离源,在多反应监测模式下进行信号采集,定性诊断离子对为,m／z320．9／257．0,320．9／152．0和320．9／194．0;m／z320．9／152．0用于外标法定量,空白样品及其添加实验表明,与标准CAP溶液相比,特征离子相对强度比值吻合、稳定,无基质成分的干扰,结合保留时间可实现准确定性方法的检出限(S／N=3)和定量下限(S／N=10)分别为0．03和0．1μg／kg。不同肌肉基质样本添加水平在0．1～1．0μg／kg时,平均凹收率为77％～90％,日内和日间相对标准偏差小于15％,该方法前处理简单、灵敏、回收率高、精密度好,符合残留的确证分析方法要求,已应崩于日常工作中CAP残留的定性和定量分析。     

食品中甲硝唑残留的碳纳米管固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定

建立了以多壁碳纳米管为固相萃取吸附剂分离富集牛奶、鸡蛋以及蜂蜜中的甲硝唑残留,并用高效液相色谱法测定的分析方法。考察了碳纳米管对甲硝唑的吸附效果,洗脱剂的种类及其用量、碳纳米管的长度及大小和上样速率对萃取率的影响,优化了固相萃取条件。在优化实验条件下,方法的线性范围为0.01~10 mg/L,检出限为0.25μg/kg;对3种实际样品分别进行1、10、50μg/kg 3种水平下的加标回收实验,样品回收率为68%~112%,RSD为3.3%~17.1%,定量下限为0.8μg/kg。方法灵敏度高、简便快速且成本低,符合食品中低浓度兽药残留的分析方法要求。     

高效液相色谱串联质谱测定蜂蜜、蜂王浆中氯霉素残留

前处理方法包括添加同位素内标氯霉素-d5和采用10％偏磷酸沉淀蜂王浆产品中的蛋白质,上清液经乙酸乙酯提取,自制硅胶柱和Oasis小柱净化。净化后的提取溶液用高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱检测,多反应监测3对离子（321．0／256．9、321．0／194．0、321．0／175．8）。该方法对不同基质样品的加标回收率为91％-107％;相对标准偏差小于10％;蜂蜜和蜂王浆的方法检出限分别为0．1μg／kg和0．2μg／kg。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法对动物源性食品中14种苯二氮革类药物及其代谢物残留量的同时检测

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱（LC—MS／MS）同时检测动物源性食品中14种苯二氮革类药物及其代谢物残留量的测定方法。在pH5．2乙酸铵缓冲溶液中药物残留经酶解后,用氨水调节pH值大于9．5。溶液经乙酸乙酯-异丙醇（体积比5：1）提取和阳离子交换柱（MCX）净化,并用多反应监测技术所确定的定性离子对检测物进行定性和同位素内标法定量。方法的定量下限为1．0μg／kg,线性范围为1．0～20．0μg/L,各基质的加标平均回收率为64％～117％,相对标准偏差为3．6％～12．3％。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.