STUDIES ON CHIRAL THIOPHOSPHORIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES [ⅤⅢ]——THE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF SOME REACTIONS OF THE MIXED ANHYDRIDE OF O-ETHYL PHENYLPHOSPHONOTHIOIC AND O-ETHYL O-PHENYL PHOSPHOROTHIOIC ACIDS

In this paper, (1) alkaline methanolysis, (2) acid methanolysis, (3) alkaline hydro-lysis, (4) aminolysis of (+)-(R)-(R)-mixed anhydride 1 of O-ethyl phenylphosphonothioic:and O-ethyl O-phenylphosphorothioic acid, (5) its reactions with KSH and (6) with PCl_5have been studied. The cleavage of P-O-P bonds in all the reactions studied has beenfound. In reactions (1)-(4), attacks of nucleophiles occur to the phosphorus atoms of phos-phonyl groups forming the products with inversion of configuration, while the configurationof the phosphorus atoms of phosphoryl groups which are not attacked is retained. Inreaction (5), the uncleophile -SH attacks the phosphorus atom of the phosphonyl group,but a racemic product results because of the formation of ph(EtO)P(S)~- which loseschirality; the configuration of the phosphorus atom of the phosphoryl group which is notattacked is still retained. In reaction (6), both the phosphonyl and phosphoryl groups arechlorinated giving as products (-)-(R)-thiophophonyl chloride 1     

PHOTOINDUCED ADDITION REACTIONS OF CHLORANIL WITH FURAN DERIVATIVES

Photoinduoed reaction of chloranil (TCBQ) with 2-methylfuran la and 2,5-dimethylfuran 1b in benzene gave addition products 2a and 2b respecvely together with tetrachlorohydroquinone 3. A mechanism of sequential electron and proton transfer from la or 1b to ~3TCBQ followed by coupling of the furfuryl and semiquinone radical pairs was proposed and is evidenced by the photo-CIDNP studies of the TCBQ-1a and TCBQ-1b systems.     

PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF HYPOCRELLIN A (Ⅶ)——PHOTO-INDUCED ONE-ELECTRON REDUCTION OF HYPOCRELLIN PIGMENTS

The photo-induced one-electron reduction of hypocrellin A (abbreviated as HA) and hy-pocrellin B (abbreviated as HB) in the presence of cysteine or ascorbic acid has been studied in this paper. The semiquinone radical anions of HA and HB obtained from the photo-reduction of HA and HB respectively, and the following protonation and disproportionation of these radical anions were detected via the ESR and UV-Vis spectra. Through comparison of their UV-Vis spectra with those of the chemically synthesized compounds of similar structures, it has been suggested that the metastable products formed after the acceptance of net two electrons and two protons in the photoreduction of HA and HB were tetrahydroxyl-per-ylene derivatives.     

CODING ASSIGNMENTS OF EACH mRNA SYNTHESIZED IN VITRO AND PROTEIN COMPONENTS OF CPV OF SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI

The coding propertics of each mRNA synthesized in vitro of CPV have been examined. The mRNAs were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isolated from the gel slices. The individual mRNA was then translated into the wheat germ cell-free protein synthesizing system. The products of translation were analyzed by the immuno-reaction with the ~(125)I-IgG of each of the five electrophoretic protein components of CPV. The coding assignments were deduced on the basis of the immuuo-reaction as follows: mRNA_1, mRNA_3 and mRNA_9 encode group P_1 of viral proteins, mRNA_2 and mRNA_6 encode group P_2 and P_3, respectively, mRNA_7 and mRNA_6 encode group P_4 while mRNA_9 encode group P_5.There axe more than 10 polypeptides in the CPV virion as demonstrated by two-dimensional electrophoresis.     

An Efficient Synthesis of Highly Optically Active 4-Substituted-2（5H）-furanones from Chiral 3-Bromo-2（5H）-furanone

Highly optically active 4-substituted-2(5H)-furanones 6a-6j were obtained in good yields with de≥98% by the tandem Michael addition/elimination reaction of chiral 3-bromo-2(SH)-furanone (4a), which was conveniently prepared starting from 2-furaldehyde under mild conditions. The products were identified on the basis of their satisfactory elemental analysis and spectroscopic data of IR, UV, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR and mass spectra. The stereochemistry and absolute configuration of this type of compounds were established by the X-ray crystallographic study. The reaction provided a short and efficient synthesis of the interesting highly optically active 4-subsdtuted-2(5H)-furanones containing an active pyrimidine and a purine base group.     

COPOLYMER OF 1-(ACETYLSALICYLYLOXY)ETHYL METHACRYLATE AND ITS HYDROLYSIS

The copolymers of 1-(acetylsalicylyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (HEMA-ASA) with methacrylicacid (MA) have been prepared and their hydrolysis in dioxane-H_2.O either in acdic or alkaline medium,at 60℃or 37℃have been investigated. It is found that the chief product of hydrolysis is alwaysaspirin with minor amount of salicylic acid. Due to its neighbouring group effect, the hydrolysisrate of (HEMA-ASA)-MA copolymer markedly depends on its composition and the pH value ofhydrolysis medium, i.e. the hydrolysis rate increases with increasing mole fraction of MA in the copoly-mer and pH value of hydrolysis medium.     

SYNTHESIS OF OLIGOMERS CONTAINING 5-FLUOROURACIL

The condensation oligomers of 5-fluorouracil were prepared by reaction of 2,4-bis-(trimethyl-silyloxy)-5-fluoropyrimidine) with various dicarboxylic chlorides, e.g.The structures of obtained oligomers were characterized by IR and the oligomers were then hydrolyzed in acid, alkaline and neutral media at room temperature respectively. The amount of 5-fluorouracil released was quantitated by measuring its UV absorbance at 265.5nm. However in the case of oligomers containing phenylene moiety, 5-fluorouracil was not detected when the hydrolysis was conducted in acid or neutral medium, while in the case of oligomers containing methylene moiety, hydrolysis proceeded easily in acid, alkaline and neutral media.     

PREPARATION OF NANOMETER TiO2 ORGANIC SOLUTION —EFFECT OF ORGANIC SILOXANE ON SOL PROPERTIES*

A homogeneous longtime stabilized transparent nanometer TiO2 organic solution was obtained by means of the simultaneous hydrolysis and co-polycodensation of tetrabutyltitanate (TBT) and methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS) by the sol-gel process. The particle size of nanometer titanium dioxide was controlled by use of bifunctional silanes, such as diphenyldimethoxysilane (DPDMS), diphenyldiethoxysilane (DPDES) and dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES). The effect of TiO2 content in the solution on the refractive index of system was discussed in detail. The result shows that the refractive index of solution increases linearly with TiO2 content. The refractive index of the three hybrid nanometer materials attained 1.6053, 1.5846 and 1.5346, respectively. The size of nanometer particles was characterized by TEM and the particle diameter thus obtained is in the range of 20-90 nm. FT-IR spectra of the materials show that the TiO-Si bond is formed.     

Stereoselective Construction of Complex Spirooxindoles via Bisthiourea Catalyzed Three-Component Reactions

A well-designed three-component reaction was developed to construct a class of optically active carbazolespirooxindole-urazoles in good yields with excellent stereoselectivities via tandem Diels-Alder reaction and ene-reaction.The driving force originating from aromatization with in situ generated carbazolespirooxindole and the high reactivity of 4-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dione facilitate the ene-reaction in mild conditions.Control experiments mdicated that the excellent stereoselectivities of ene-reaction most likely came from the spatial configuration of the carbazolespirooxindole. The obtained products could be converted to other synthetic useful structures via diverse functionalization.     

A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 1.2-BISPYRROLEETHYLENS

1. 2-Bispyrroleethylenes can be easily syntnesized bv cc,-,pt}ngpyrrolealdehyde using TiCl_4/Zn as a catalyst. It was found that when theR group is COMe or CO_2 Et, the product is a mixture of trans and cisisomers, and in the other cases, the products are pure trans isomers.     

SYNTHESIS OF DI（ETHYLMERCAPTOETHYL） AMINO GROUP—CONTAINING POLYSESQUISILOXANE PLATINUM COMPLEX AND ITS CATALYSIS IN HYDROSIL YLATION OF OLEFINS WITH TRIETHOXYSILANE

Three new polysesquisiloxane-bound platinum complexes were synthesized via hydrolysis of N,N-di(β-ethylmercaptoethyl)γ-(triethoxysilyl)propylamine or cohydrolysis of the monomer with dodecyltriethoxysilane or with phenylpropylthiethoxysilane and immobilixation on fumed silica,followed by reacting with potassium platinite in acetone under argon atmosphere.The platinum complexes exhibited high catalytic activity for the hydrosilylation of olefins by triethoxysilane. The effects of temperature and the amount of complex on the catalytic activity,as well as the recovery and reusability of the catalysts were investigated.     

THE ATTACHMENTS OF PHYCOBILINS TO CYSTEINYL RESIDUES

The attachments of phycobilins to cysteinyl residues have been worked out through the reactions of phycoerytbrobilin dimethyl ester and phycocyanobilin dimethyl ester with cysteine methyl ester and reduced glutathione dimethyl ester respectively. A series of model compounds which carry the same conjugative skeletons as the chromophores in phycobillproteins have been purified anti identified. These compounds are characterized with strong fluorescence emission and circular dichroism effects which appeared weaker for the common bilinoid chromophores. Analyses of the circular dichroism effects of these compounds indicated that the major reaction products of phycobilins with cysteine methyl ester and reduced glutathione dimethyl ester carried the same stereochemical configuration as the chromophores in phvcobilinoroteins     

第五丶六族元素的有机化合物在有机合成中应用的研究 XVIII:氰基亚甲基三苯基胂与酮反应的立体化学以及几种吸电子基团取代的甲基三苯基 砷盐与酮的反应

The stereochemistry of carbonyl olefination reaction of cyanomethylene triphenylarsorane with ketones is reported. The thermodynamically stable E isomer of the products α, β unsaturated nitrile was formed predominantly. Under the experimental conditions we adopted, the reaction conditions had little effect on the E, Z ratio of the reaction products. However, the structure of the substrate showed profound effect. The results shown in Table 1 are similar to that of the reaction of carbomethoxymethylene triphenylarosorane reported in the previous paper. When methyl t-butyl ketone was used as the substrate and the reaction carried out in benzene solution, nearly pure E isomer was obtained. The reaction mechanism was proposed as shown in the previous paper. When Δ4-cholesten-3-one was used as the substrate, change of the solvents showed more prominent effect on the E, Z ratio of the reaction product. This paper also deals with the reaction of three electron-withdrawing group (CN, COOCH3, COCH3) substituted methyltriphenylarsonium salts with ketones in the presence of K2CO3, Na2CO3/benzo-15-crown-5, K2CO3/18-crown-6 or (C2H5)3N in CH3OH solution. The latter three gave satisfactory results (Table 2). The chromotographically pure products could be obtained from the crude products by passing through silica gel column. Its E, Z ratio is nearly the same as that of the crude product. This method seems to be a good one for preparing olefinic compounds in miligram scale.     

STUDIES ON BIS(ALKENYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL) IVB GROUP METAL DERIVATIVES

A series of new bis(allyleyclopentadienyl) and bis(2-butenylcyelopentadienyl) dichlorides of titanium, zirconium and hafnium have been synthesized by reacting sodium allyl or 2-butenylcyclopentadienide with IVB group metal chlorides. The substituted bis-cyclopentadienyl metal dichlorides treated with inorganic halides, aryllithium, potassium thiocyanate or hydrogen sulfide, bis(alkenylcyclopentadienyl)metal dihalides, and that of diaryl, dithiocyanato and dimercaptometal derivatives were obtained. Addition reaction on allyl group in bis(allylcyclopentadienyl) dihalides of titanium, zirconium and hafnium with hydrogen halide, halogen was studied. It was found that the addition of HX followed Markovnikov's rule.The reactivity of electrophilic addition increased in the order HCl相似文献   

A METHOD OF PREPARING SPHERICAL NANO-CRYSTAL CELLULOSE WITH MIXED CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF CELLULOSE Ⅰ AND Ⅱ

A new kind of nano-crysta cellulose (NCC) prepared from natural cotton fiber has been obtained by the method ofacid hydrolysis. Compared to most other nanophase materials that derive from inorganic materials, our products are preparedfrom natural cotton fibers. The products are of spherical shape with mixed crystal forms of cellulose I and II. The preparationconditions determine the properties of the products. Prior treatment is a critical procedure. The properties of the products arealso strongly affected by such conditions as the kinds of acids used, the ratio of the acid mixture, the acid concentration, theultrasonic agitation time and hydrolysis temperature. The number average molecular weight of NCC is determined by gelpermeation chromatography (GPC). The particle size and shape were determined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). X-ray diffraction was used to detect the crystallinity and average crystallite size of the panicle.     

THE STATE OF CHROMIUM (Ⅲ) ION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

So far few systematic studies on the hydrolytic polymerization of Cr(Ⅲ) were reported because of inertness of the ion and complication of the process. We studied it in equilibrium by pH method systematically in a wide concentration range (0.0002—0.32 M). The results show that, in the low concentration range, the composition of the polynuclear hydrolysis products may be represented as [Cr_3(OH)_4] (OH)_n (n=1,2,3); in the medium range, the composition of products as Cr[Cr(OH)_2]_n~((3+n))~+ (n=1,2,3); in the high range, the composition of products as Cr[Gr(OH)]_n~((3+2n))~+ (n=1, 2), and in the intermediate range between medium and high range where the hydrolysis system is in a transition state, the composition of products as [Cr_3(OH)_3]~(6+) and [Cr_3(OH)_4]~(5+). The values of hydrolysis constants of the identical species measured in different Cr concentration ranges and calculated by different methods were found in good agreement with each other. A predominance-arca diagram was made by using the hy     

Addition Mechanisms of Phenol toward Formaldehyde under Acidic Condition： a Theoretical Investigation

The reaction mechanisms of phenol with formaldehyde in the first and second addition at the ortho- and para-position in acid solution were theoretically investigated at the PW91/DNP level with solvent effects included. The reaction of phenol with protonated methanediol firstly forms an adduct intermediate, via a SN2 mechanism with a water molecule as the leaving group. From the adduct intermediate, there are two reaction channels involving a proton transfer to form the addition products. One is that a proton directly transfers via a four-membered ring transition state with a notable energy barrier (Four-member mechanism). Another mechanism involving a water molecule as catalyst to mediate the proton transfer (WCP mechanism), is a barrierless process, indicating that the formation of the adduct intermediate, the first reaction step, is rate-limiting. The reaction products are free hydroxymethyl phenols and/or hydroxybenzy carbocation (HOC6H4CH2+) which plays an important role in the following formation of methylene and methylene ether linkages. The second addition reactions between formaldehyde and hydroxymethyl phenol at all possible reaction sites of the phenol ring in acid solution were also investigated and discussed.     

Solid state reaction of aromatic ketones with heteroaromatics

The solid state reactions of p-nitroacetophenone,acetyl-ferrocene with indole were catalyzed by anhydrous zinc chloride or aluminum chloride,and gave exclusively the 1:2 condensation products.The solid state condensation of aromatic ketones with l-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone was also investigated,and the 1:1 and 2:1 condensation products were obtained.The structures of eleven new products were determined by IR,MS,1H NMR and elemental analysis.     

STUDIES ON THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF MAYTANSINOIDS (Ⅳ)——SYNTHESIS OF MAYTANSINE

This paper reports the total synthesis of optically pure maytansinol and maytansine. The physical constants and spectral data including R_f, m.p., specific rotation, HPLC, UV, CD, IR, NMR, and MS, of synthetic maytansinol and maytansine are identical with those of natural products in all respects. The preliminary biological test showed that synthetic maytansine possesses the same inhibitory activity in vitro against carcinoma cells as the natural product.     

Determination of Trace Amounts of Vanadium by Kinetic-Catalytic Spectrophotometric Methods

Kinetic-catalytic spectrophotometric methods were proposed for the determination of trace amounts of vanadium element as vanadium（Ⅳ） and/or V（Ⅴ） ions. The vanadium（Ⅳ） as VO^2＋ ion and/or vanadium（Ⅴ） as VO3^- ion showed a catalytic effect on the kinetic reactions between a color reagent such as methylthymol blue （MTB） or SPADNS and bromate in acidic media. The rate of decrease in the absorbance of the reagent MTB at 440 nm or SPADNS at 510 nm was proportional to concentration of V（Ⅳ） and/or V（Ⅴ） ions in the solution. The linear ranges for determination of vanadium were obtained in the range of 1.0-150 and 5.0-100.0 μg/L by the fixed-time and slope methods, respectively, with using MTB as reagent. In the presence of SPADNS as reagent, the calibration curves were made in the amplitude 1.0-200.0 and 5.0-150 μg/L of vanadium ion by the fixed-time and slope methods, respectively. Using fixed-time method, the limits of detection were obtained to be 0.5 and 0.7 μg/L of vanadium in the presence of MTB and SPADNS as reagents, respectively. Detection limits of vanadium by slope method and reagents of SPADNS and MTB were obtained to be 3.5 and 3.8 μg/L of vanadium, respectively. The proposed methods were applied successfully to determination of vanadium in synthetic and real samples.