爆炸作用下土体隧道衬砌结构的动力响应

为了找出爆炸动力作用下的隧道衬砌结构薄弱部位和力学规律,建立了土体隧道动力分析整体有限元模型;利用显式动力有限元程序Ansys/Ls-dyna进行了数值模拟,探讨了土体隧道衬砌结构在爆炸作用下不同部位的时间历程曲线;分析了爆炸作用下土体隧道衬砌结构的动力响应。结果显示:隧道衬砌结构肩部在x、y方向的位移都较大;隧道衬砌结构顶部在y方向的位移较大;隧道衬砌结构顶部、肩部的加速度峰值最大并且加速度曲线均出现了两次或多次峰值。这反映了爆炸冲击波有比较强烈的多次反射;各部位压力时程曲线波动较大,按照肩部、顶部、胯部、底部、腰部的顺序先后到达峰值;顶部和肩部σx峰值最大,顶部和底部σy峰值最大,顶部、肩部、底部τmax峰值最大。顶部和肩部出现最大拉应力说明爆炸对拱顶拱肩损伤较大,隧道衬砌结构将会最先在这两处发生破坏。     

Effects of Surface Waves and Marine Soil Parameters on Seabed Stability

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｆｏｒｃｅｓｅｘｅｒｔｉｎｇｏｎｃｏａｓｔａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｏｆｆｓｈｏｒｅｄｒｉｌｌｉｎｇｒｉｇｓ,ｏｆｆｓｈｏｒｅｏｉｌｓｔｏｒａｇｅｔａｎｋｓ,ｂｕｒｉｅｄｐｉｐｅｌｉｎｅｓ,ｂｒｅａｋｗａｔｅｒｓ,ｅｔｃ .ａｒｅｄｕｅｔｏｗａｔｅｒｓｕｒｆａｃｅｗａｖｅｓ.Ｔｈｅｗａｔｅｒｗａｖｅｓｐｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｎｇｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｏｃｅａｎｃａｎｃｒｅａｔｅｔｒｅｍｅｎｄｏｕｓｄｙｎａｍｉｃｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ .Ｔｈｅｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ…     

一致输入作用下土层的地震反应分析

假定土层为线性粘弹性介质,在频域内采用有限元法分析了均匀土层中有限土域的取值范围对计算精度的影响。在一致输入作用下,主要探讨了土层地震反应随不同侧向人工边界、迫振频率、阻尼和土层长深比的变化规律。在此基础上,得到直接有限元法进行土层地震反应分析的经验计算范围。最后对一河谷地形的土层进行地震反应分析,计算表明在进行土层地震反应分析时,采用本文土层范围取值来确定土域的计算范围可以得到满意的结果。为在应用直接有限元法进行土层地震反应计算时,确定有限土域范围提供依据。     

垂直受荷群桩在半空间饱和土中的稳态反应

研究了均质半空间饱和土中群桩在垂直稳态荷载作用下的动力反应问题。半空间饱和土采用Biot提出的三维波动原理。将桩看作是一维的弹性杆单元。利用圆形简谐载荷作用下的Biot固结方程的基本解和桩土之间的变形协调条件得到饱和土中群桩的第二类Fredholm积分方程,群桩的动力阻抗采用动力相互作用因子的方法。分析桩距等参数对群桩阻抗、轴力和孔压等的影响。本文的方法可以用于计算层状饱和土中群桩的动力反应问题。     

Dynamic response of saturated layered half-space with different hydraulic interface conditions

Summary An analytic study of the response of saturated layered half-space under surface point loading is presented, with particular attention paid to the effect of hydraulic interface condition. A simplified formulation is adopted to describe the motion of the saturated porous medium, and a simple and direct approach is presented which does not involve the conventional Helmholtz decomposition in poroelasticity. Integral solutions for surface displacements are derived for different hydraulic interface conditions, and verified by reducing to well-known results of the Lamb's problem for a conventional one-phase medium. Numerical results for surface displacements in the near field are given, and the influence of the interface hydraulic condition on the displacements is shown. The present formulation possesses potential applications in practical engineering in solving various related source problems associated with uniform or layered saturated soil deposits. Received 30 September 1997; accepted for publication 14 July 1998     

液化土侧向扩展对具有轴向力单桩的变形影响

将地震液化场地土层分为表层的非液化土层,中部的液化土层以及底部的基础层,利用表层的非液化土层的土压力和液化土层及基层的Winkler模型,采用拟静力分析方法,建立了考虑上部结构对桩基产生的轴力和液化土侧向扩展共同作用下单桩水平变形的简单Euler梁模型,给出了问题的解析封闭解.计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,说明了封闭解的合理性.在此基础上,分析了各种参数对桩基变形响应的影响,结果表明:相比于液化土层的侧向扩展位移,桩的抗弯刚度、液化土层刚度以及轴力等参数对桩基力学性能具有较大影响,这些结果可以为工程设计提供一定的参考依据.     

考虑土体非线性特性的直埋管道——土体系统的动力反应分析

本文采用二维有限元方法对连续直埋管管道在动力荷载作用下的反应进行分析,管道周围土体采用等效线性粘弹性模型,为反映管－土间的相对滑移,在管单元与土单元间加入无厚度Goodman接触单元,并利用Wilson-θ法对管－土系统进行动力时程反应分析,本文研究了输入液频率,输入波幅值,管道埋深,土体类别和管－土间摩擦系数等因素对埋管动力反应的影响。     

Transient analysis of piles and pile groups in non-homogeneous soil

In this paper, the transient analysis of a single pile and a 3 × 3 pile group is presented for Gibson type non-homogeneous soil by using a hybrid type of boundary and finite element formulation for the soil domain and pile domain, respectively. The formula is presented for a transient point force acting in the interior of a non-homogeneous, isotropic half space. A time stepping boundary element algorithm for soil domain is used together with an implicit time integration scheme for finite pile domain. To investigate the validity of this formulation, a single pile and a pile group are analyzed under Heaviside loading and triangular transient loading. In the analyses, it can be concluded that the results agree well for all cases of the inhomogeneity index by comparing the Laplace domain solutions.     

Dynamic torsional response of pre-strained end bearing pile embedded in pre-strained isotropic saturated soil medium

The influence of initial strain state on the dynamic response of an end bearing pile embedded in isotropic saturated soil is investigated through the linearized theory of small elastic perturbation superposed on largely stressed bodies. The governing equations for soil, based on Blot＇s poroelasticity theory, are derived in the cylindrical coordinates, and the pile is modeled by using the one-dimensional elastic theory. The analytical solutions of pile impedance, frequency response of both twist angle and time history of velocity response are obtained by using of separation of variables technique. Finally, a parametric study of the influence of initial strains on the torsional impedance, twist angle, and velocity response at the top of the pile is carried out.     

Modelling in FEM the soil pressures distribution caused by a tyre on a Rhodic Ferralsol soil

Tyre traffic over soil causes non-uniform ground pressures across the tyre width and along the soil–tyre contact area. The objective of this paper was to obtain in the topsoil the shape, magnitudes, distribution and transmission in depth of the ground pressures from a finite element model of soil compaction. The influence of tyre inflation pressure, tyre load and soil water content over the pressures propagation in the soil was analysed. The model shows how to low inflation pressure the tyre carcass supports most of the total load and the biggest peak pressures are distributed in the tyre axes when it traffics over firm soil. For high inflation pressure the incremented stiff causes that pressure is distributed with parabolic shape. In wet soil the inflation pressure does not influence on the ground pressure distribution, this depends only on the tyre load. The inflation pressure and tyre load changed the shape of the vertical pressures distribution on the surface of a hard dry soil, but these variables did not affect the distribution of vertical stresses in a soft wet soil or below a depth of 0.15 m.     

非饱和正冻土的三场耦合理论框架

在``饱和正冻土的理论构架'的基础上,假定了冻土体内的空气的流动是一 种Darcy流,进一步考虑了非饱和土中气相的影响,提议了一种综合考虑两种极端 情况：(1) 气体与外界完全相通. (2) 气体与外界完全不相通的相关水、热、力相 耦合的多孔多相介质理论构架------半连通、半封闭非饱和正冻土理论构架. 重点讨论了较简单的气体半连通半封闭的非饱和孔隙冻土体的三场耦合模型. 为 检验三场耦合分析模型及所开发的针对冻土工程三场耦合模型的软件系统3G2001 的合理性与正确性, 与214国道花石峡 试验路基实测的地温变化和路基路面变形 进行了对比验证, 对比结果显示: 路基中分析所得的温度场与实测值变化规律一 致, 量化相差大都在10\%$\sim$20\%以内; 分析所得耦合变形随时间的变化也与 实测值完全一致, 路中的分析变形与实测相差也在10%-20%以内     

波流相互作用研究进展

波流相互作用是非线性科学的前沿课题,并具有重要工程意义,本文概述了波浪在水流中的变形、波流相互作用对流场的影响、波和流与结构物的相互作用以及波流边界层等方面已取得的主要成就．      

土—结构相互作用对高柔结构风振响应TMD控制的影响

文中研究了土－结构相互作用对高层,高耸结构风振响应TMD控制的影响,讨论了结构不同基础类型和不同地在土介质对TMD风振控制效率的影响,数值结构表明,土－结构相互作用对风振响应TMD控制的影响不同于对地震响应TMD控制的影响。     

考虑海底接触的钢悬链式立管触地点动力响应以及疲劳损伤分析

基于考虑接触的钢悬链式立管SCR(Steel Catenary Riser)触地点处的结构特性,分别采用了考虑管土分离的线性截断模型以及包含土体吸力效应的帽盖模型来描述P-y曲线。通过改变上端浮体的垂荡运动幅度、土体吸力系数以及海床刚度,对SCR触地点处的动力响应以及疲劳损伤特性进行了分析。分析结果表明,SCR触地点的垂向位移、弯矩、等效应力以及疲劳损伤均随着浮体垂荡运动幅度的增加而呈上升趋势。SCR触地点的垂向位移随着土体吸力系数的增大由高幅低频响应转变为低幅高频响应。SCR触地点的疲劳损伤随着海床刚度的增加呈现先稳定再增加再稳定的趋势。     

Exact solutions to one-dimensional transient response of incompressible fluid-saturated single-layer porous media

Based on the Biot theory of porous media,the exact solutions to onedimensional transient response of incompressible saturated single-layer porous media under four types of boundary conditions are developed.In the procedure,a relation between the solid displacement u and the relative displacement w is derived,and the well-posed initial conditions and boundary conditions are proposed.The derivation of the solution for one type of boundary condition is then illustrated in detail.The exact solutions for the other three types of boundary conditions are given directly.The propagation of the compressional wave is investigated through numerical examples.It is verified that only one type of compressional wave exists in the incompressible saturated porous media.     

On the interaction of water waves and seabed by the porous medium model

The interaction of water waves and seabed is studied by using Yamamoto's model, which takes into account the deformation of soil skeletal frame, compressibility of pore fluid flow as well as the Coulumb friction. When analyzing the propagation of three kinds of stress waves in seabed, a simplified dispersion relation and a specific damping formula are derived. The problem of seabed stability is further treated analytically based on the Mohr-Coulomb theory. The theory is finally applied to the coastal problems in the Lian-Yun Harbour and compared with observations and measurements in soil-wave tank with satisfactory results. The project supported by the National Science Foundation of China     

Axisymmetrical analytical solution for vertical vibration of end-bearing pile in saturated viscoelastic soil layer

Based on elasticity and the theory of saturated porous media, and regarding the pile and the soil as a single phase elastic and a saturated viscoelastic media, respectively, the dynamical behavior of vertical vibration of an end-bearing pile in a saturated viscoelastic soil layer is investigated in the frequency domain using the Helmholtz decomposition and variable separation method. The axisymmetrical analytical solutions for vertical vibrations of the pile in a saturated viscoelastic soil layer are obtained, and the analytical expression of the dynamical complex stiffness of the pile top is presented. Responses of dynamic stiffness factor and equivalent damping of pile top with respect to the frequency are shown in figures using a numerical method. Effects of the saturated soil parameters, modulus ratio of the pile to soil, slenderness ratio of pile and pile＇s Poisson ratio, etc. on the stiffness factor and damping are examined. It is shown that, due to the effect of the transversal deformation of the pile and the radial force of the saturated viscoelastic soil acting on the pile, the dynamic stiffness factor and the damping derived from the axisymmetrical solution are greatly different from those derived from the classical Euler-Bernoulli rod model, especially at some specific excitation frequencies. Therefore, there are limitations on applicability of the Euler-Bernoulli rod model in analyzing verticai vibration of the pile. More accurate analysis should be based on a three-dimensional model.     

Penalty finite element method for nonlinear dynamic response of viscous fluid-saturated biphase porous media

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｐｏｒｏｕｓｍｅｄｉａｍｏｄｅｌｓｄｅｄｕｃｅｄｆｒｏｍｍｉｘｔｕｒｅｔｈｅｏｒｙａｒｅａｔｔｒａｃｔｉｎｇａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓｂｅｃａｕｓｅｉｔｉｓｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｆｒａｍｅｏｆｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｕｍｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ[1]ａｎｄｗｅｒｅｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙｕｓｅｄｔｏｄｅｐｉｃｔｔｈｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｓｏｆｓｏｉｌｓａｎｄｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓｏｆｔｔｉｓｓｕｅｓ[2 ,3].Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｉｓｔｙｐｅｏ…     

用ABAQUS软件处理管土相互作用中的接触面问题

采用ABAQUS软件处理管土相互作用中的接触面问题，利用ABAQUS软件中的主控-从属接触算法，使管道和海床形成一个接触对；并且建立了管土系统有限单元模型．海床土体分别采用非线性弹性模型、多孔弹性模型、Ramberg-Osgood塑性模型对管土系统进行计算通过分析计算，得到了管道沉降量与管重间的关系，以及由于管道沉陷而形成的土体楔形，土体楔形的存在，增加了管道的稳定性．计算结果和有关试验结果相符合，说明采用该软件进行管土相互作用问题分析是可行的．