大口径元件面形对离散支撑的频域响应特性

 针对口径为600 mm的薄型镜面在多点支撑情况下,分析了不同支撑方案的元件面形在频率域的响应特性,建立了离散支撑单元的1维梁模型,讨论了峰谷值、均方根值分别作为支撑方案优化目标函数的可行性,计算结果说明峰谷值、均方根值均不能正确评价面形在频率域的响应。分析了支撑单元的间距和大小对频率域的响应特性。根据计算结果,给出了理想支撑方案：中心支撑单元直径10 mm,外侧支撑单元直径10 mm,支撑单元间距125 mm。     

Influence of support properties on the sound radiated from the vibrations of rectangular plates

The control of the forced vibration response of structures through the optimal tuning of its supports is desirable in many applications. Tuning may enhance the dissipation of vibration energy within the supports, thereby reducing fatigue and structure-borne noise. Two different models were developed to calculate the optimal support stiffness that minimizes the velocity response of homogeneous plates. The first model, based on the wave propagation at the edge, yields a good first cut approximation of the optimal properties. The optimal viscous and viscoelastic support stiffness for minimal reflection at the edge was calculated. Maximum absorption of the incident waves occurs when the viscous support stiffness matches the characteristic mechanical impedances of the plate. The second model, based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method, yields more accurate estimates of the optimal support stiffness required to minimize the forced velocity response of the finite rectangular plate. The optimal support properties calculated from the two different methods were in good agreement. This suggested that the modal response of the plate is strongly influenced by the wave reflections at the edges. Finally, the effects of support properties on the sound radiated from the plate were investigated. The optimal support stiffness that minimizes the radiated sound power was found to be smaller than the value that minimizes the velocity response. The results show that both the velocity response and sound radiation are strongly influenced by dissipation of vibration energy at the edges, and demonstrate that support tuning can yield significant noise and vibration reduction.     

装备保障体系建模与仿真关键技术研究

为解决装甲装备体系保障能力生成的关键技术难题,针对现有需求和装备保障体系仿真中心建设的实际情况,以装甲机械化部队为主要研究对象,论文主要研究内容包括：描述了装备保障体系概念,构建了装备保障体系结构框架;总结了适合装备保障体系的建模与仿真方法,采用分层建模、基于多Agent和基于UML的体系建模方法,建立了装备保障体系模型,并对模型进行了仿真;借鉴霍尔三维结构,建立了装备保障体系评估对象维、评估指标维和评估目标维,进行装备保障体系效能评估。通过研究,初步明确了装备保障体系的内涵,明确了适合装备保障体系的建模与仿真方法,具备一定的实用性和可操作性,能够为进一步推进装备保障体制改革、完善综合保障体系、创新保障模式、增强综合保障能力提供有力的理论支撑。     

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利用ANSYS有限元软件,分别采用静态及动态分析方法对HL-2M装置极向场线圈支撑结构进行了分析,获得了典型工况载荷作用下的应力分布、位移及变形。结果表明,支撑结构能够满足装置的设计要求。为进一步优化支撑结构提供了参考数据。     

指向可变平面反射镜支撑方法研究

为了适应大口径、大视场的离轴光学系统结构的特殊性,要求装调过程中平面反射镜口径足够大且必须有大角度俯仰偏转的工作状态。介绍了直径为760mm的指向可变平面反射镜微晶玻璃材料的选取,探讨了反射镜的几种支撑方式,针对两种不同的柔性支撑方式通过CAD/CAE工程分析软件来对比,确定了一种有效的支撑方式,即采用中心定位和18点背部支撑的复合式支撑结构,有效地克服了重力和温度对镜面变形的影响。     

Role of activated carbon features on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol

In this work we have investigated the role of porous carbon material used as a photocatalyst and a catalyst support in the carbon/titania composite in the photodegradation of phenol, and compared the results to those of bare titanium oxide. The immobilization of titania on an activated carbon provoked acceleration of the degradation rate under UV irradiation, which is likely to be attributed to the porosity of the carbon support. The identification of the degradation intermediates detected in the solution showed that the presence of the carbon support affects the nature of phenol degradation mechanism through the formation of different intermediates. Additionally, phenol photodecomposition rate over the carbon support outperformed that attained in the carbon/titania composite, suggesting an important self-photoactivity of the carbon support.     

信息化条件下光电装备保障信息系统技术研究

随着信息化的不断深化和我军光电装备建设实现历史性突破,急需把握信息化条件下光电装备保障信息系统的新特点和规律。深入揭示了光电装备保障信息系统是提升光电装备保障能力水平的根本保证。在明确信息化光电装备保障内涵的基础上,分析了信息化光电装备保障系统的军事需求及体系能力,给出了信息化条件下光电装备保障信息对象、系统组成和基本功能,以及使用计算机和信息化技术设计光电装备保障信息系统的过程和关键技术。     

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鉴于EAST ICRF天线真空密封性和基于实验移动的要求,可移动支撑被设计用来支撑ICRF天线前部重量。通过理论计算公式对天线支撑结构进行计算,给出了不同截面尺寸、不同移动距离下支撑杆应力和变形情况。用有限元分析方法进行分析,分析结果和理论公式计算结果非常相近,满足设计要求。计算结果为支撑杆优化设计提供理论指导,计算方法为同类装置的支撑结构提供有益的借鉴。     

经纬仪主镜在支撑系统下的面形变化

为研究在重力作用下主镜支撑系统对经纬仪主镜处于不同工作角度时面形误差的影响,以600 mm口径主镜为研究对象,利用Abaqus软件分别建立了600 mm主镜在加工状态下和工作状态下的有限元支撑模型,并进行了重力变形分析,然后借助4D干涉仪对在不同支撑系统下的主镜进行相关的面形检测。实验结果表明,在吊带支撑系统和主镜室支撑系统下,主镜的自身面形误差RMS为16.18 nm和16.90 nm。利用有限元分析了理想状态的主镜在不同仰角工况下的面形误差,结合主镜自身的面形误差,计算得到了主镜面形误差在光轴由水平变化到竖直的过程中逐渐变大,其RMS最大为19.58 nm,表明该主镜室支撑系统具有良好支撑效果,可满足工程要求,同时也验证了主镜室支撑系统有限元理论模型的准确性。     

温度和支撑方式对1.2 m SiC主镜面形的影响分析

为了研究温度和支撑方式对大口径SiC主镜用于地基望远镜的影响,基于1.2 m SiC主镜建立了有限元模型,分析了主镜在被动支撑和自由膨胀时,恒定温度场,轴向温度梯度,径向温度梯度和内外温差等对主镜面形的影响.结果表明,存在温度梯度时,支撑方式影响不明显,无论是被动支撑还是自由膨胀,镜面面形均很大.在达到热平衡后,即稳态温度场下,支撑方式的影响明显,只有在主镜自由膨胀时,温度对主镜面形的影响比较小,镜面的RMS<0.02 nm/℃.因此如果主镜采用柔性支撑或浮动支撑方式,大口径SiC主镜可以应用在地基望远镜中.     

大口径球面镜支撑系统的优化设计

应用有限元法并借助于有限元分析软件,建立了轴对称平面单元和三维实体有限元模型.对1.2 m球面反射镜的支撑系统进行了优化设计,优化确定了轴向支撑圈数、支撑半径和支撑点排列组合、侧向支撑位置.分析计算出主镜在水平放置轴向支撑作用和竖直放置侧支撑作用下重力引起的镜面面形误差RMS值分别为2.5 nm和3.16 nm,满足设计指标要求,预示了所设计的支撑系统方案的合理可行性.     

FEM Modal Analysis on the Gravity Support System of ITER

The three-dimensional finite element method model with 20 degree sector of the ITER overall gravity support system was built by the ANSYS software. The modal analysis of the gravity support system was made and first ten natural frequencies and vibration modes of the gravity support system were calculated by using Block Lanczos method. The results of modal analysis on ITER represent that the stiffness of flexible plates has influenced greatly for the natural frequency of the system.     

On-line pH value measurement of solution on the removing support material process

Removing support material from rapid prototyping (RP) part fabricated by fused deposition modeling is essential once the physical model is completed. Removing the support material from RP parts efficiently is an important concern because the product life cycle is shorter than before. In this study, a new on-line optical measurement system was developed to measure the pH value of solution during removing support material from fused deposition molded parts. The pH value of the solution can be predicted directly from the obtained maximum peak intensity according to the linear regression equation. The maximum discrepancy can be controlled within 4.37%. The time saving in removing the support material from RP parts up to 70.3% can be obtained by means of using the on-line measuring system for measuring the pH value of solution and compensating the pH value of solution immediately during the removing support material process.     

混沌时间序列的支持向量机预测

根据混沌动力系统的相空间延迟坐标重构理论,基于支持向量机的强大的非线性映射能力, 建立了混沌时间序列的支持向量机预测模型,并在统计学习理论的基础上采用最小二乘方法来训练预测模型,利用该模型对嵌入维数与模型的均方根误差的关系进行了探讨.最后利用Mackey-Glass时间序列和变参数的Ikeda 时间序列对该模型进行了验证,结果表明,该预测模型能精确地预测混沌时间序列,而且在混沌时间序列的嵌入维数未知时也能取得比较好的预测效果.这一结论预示着支持向量机是一种研究混沌时间序列的有效方法. 关键词： 混沌时间序列 支持向量机 最小二乘法     

Dynamic performance of the beam position monitor support at the SSRF

Electron beam stability is very important for third‐generation light sources, especially for the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility whose ground vibrations are much larger than those for other light sources. Beam position monitors (BPMs), used to monitor the position of the electron beam, require a greater stability than other mechanical structures. This paper concentrates on an investigation of the dynamic performance of the BPM support prototype. Modal and response analyses have been carried out by finite‐element (FE) calculations and vibration measurements. Inconsistent results between calculation and measurement have motivated a change in the soft connections between the support and the ground from a ground bolt in the initial design to full grout. As a result the mechanical stability of the BPM support is greatly improved, showing an increase in the first eigenfrequency from 20.2 Hz to 50.2 Hz and a decrease in the ratio of the root‐mean‐square displacement (4–50 Hz) between the ground and the top of the support from 4.36 to 1.23 in the lateral direction. An example is given to show how FE analysis can guide the mechanical design and dynamic measurements (i.e. it is not just used as a verification method). Similar ideas can be applied to improve the stability of other mechanical structures.     

大型光学镜面的多点支撑方案分析

在大型光学系统中使用薄型镜面以减轻大口径光学镜面的重量，但由于薄镜面在重力作用下形变严重，需要选择适当的支撑方式来维持光学镜面的面形。通过对支撑方式的分析，采用有限元仿真，讨论了支撑点分布方式、支撑分布位置和支撑点数三方面对镜面形变的影响，从而得出支撑点均匀分布优于非均匀分布；支撑点数一定时，镜面形变主要由支撑点位置决定；10个支撑点以上镜面形变相对较小，继续增加支撑点并不能使镜面最大形变得到显著改善同时会引起镜面波纹起伏增加。     

一种混沌海杂波背景下的微弱信号检测方法

基于复杂非线性系统的相空间重构理论,提出了一种基于遗传算法的支持向量机预测方法.利用改进的自相关法和饱和关联维数法确定混沌信号的时间延迟和嵌入维,从而实现相空间重构.通过遗传算法优化支持向量机中的惩罚系数和核函数参数,并结合支持向量机建立混沌序列的单步预测模型,从预测误差中检测出淹没在混沌背景中的微弱信号(包括瞬态信号和周期信号).以Lorenz系统和加拿大McMaster大学利用IPIX雷达实测得到的海杂波数据作为混沌背景噪声进行仿真实验,结果表明该方法能够有效地从混沌背景噪声中检测出微弱目标信号,所得的均方根误差为0.00049521(信噪比为-89.7704 dB),这比传统支持向量机方法的均方根误差(0.049,信噪比为-54.60 dB)降低了两个数量级.     

ITER遥控运输车支撑腿的设计与分析

借助虚拟样机技术为ITER遥控运输车设计了一种全新概念的支撑腿。该支撑腿能承受50t重的载荷,并能在行程150mm内任意调整高度。机械动态仿真和有限元分析的结果表明,设计的机构不仅完全实现了需要的功能,且还具有载荷恒定、控制变量呈现线性关系等良好特征。     

Bifurcations in the optimal elastic foundation for a buckling column

We investigate the buckling under compression of a slender beam with a distributed lateral elastic support, for which there is an associated cost. For a given cost, we study the optimal choice of support to protect against Euler buckling. We show that with only weak lateral support, the optimum distribution is a delta-function at the centre of the beam. When more support is allowed, we find numerically that the optimal distribution undergoes a series of bifurcations. We obtain analytical expressions for the buckling load around the first bifurcation point and corresponding expansions for the optimal position of support. Our theoretical predictions, including the critical exponent of the bifurcation, are confirmed by computer simulations.     

FAIR二极超导磁体样机结构稳定性的初步研究

冷质部件的支撑是FAIR二极超导磁体样机中的关键部件,它们对于保持线圈的空间位形起到至关重要的作用,因此,对其开展稳定性的研究是十分必要的。为此,文中基于压杆稳定的理论和有限元法,对支撑进行了稳定性的研究,为支撑力学性能的评估、结构的优化设计和磁体样机的工程设计提供了参考依据。