Nanostructuring by Energetic Ion Beams

Development of nanostructured materials has become of wide interest due to their exotic properties and interesting physics aspects. Energetic ions play a crucial role in the development of nano materials. Ions of different energy regimes have different roles in growth of nano particles. Low energy ions (typically up to a (kiloelectronvolt) keV) in plasma, have been in use for growth of nano particle thin films. Low energy ions (typically a few hundred (kiloelectronvolt) keV) from ion implanters are used for growth of nano particles in a matrix. High energy heavy ions (swift heavy ions) have been in use in recent years for growth of nanostructures and also for modifying nanostructures. Highly charged slow moving ions and focused ion beams too, have potential for creating nanostructures. Out of these several possible roles of energetic ions, there have been developments at NSC Delhi in growth of nanostructures by RF plasma, low energy ions and swift heavy.     

Luminescence of F-Type Defects and Their Thermal Stability in Sapphire Irradiated by Pulsed Ion Beams

Optics and Spectroscopy - We studied the luminescence and the thermal stability of defects formed in α-Al2O3 single crystals after pulsed treatment with a beam of C+/H+ ions with an energy of...     

高电荷态离子束的应用(摘要)

The ECR ion sources have mainly been used until now for injection of cyclotrons and a large number of these sources are presently in operation through the world.Most cyclotrons are used today for nuclear physics researches but an increasing number of these accelerators are now devoted to medical applications.The ECR ion sources have also been extensively used for producing low energy beams for academic researches in atomic and surface physics.These studies led to very encouraging results opening the way to industrial applications. In this talk some of the most promising applications of HCI beams will be reviewed.The development of these applications will require some important improvements of the ECR sources which will be discussed.A special emphasis will be given to the respective roles of ECR and EBIS ion sources in these industrial applications, and some economic and market considerations discussed.     

Research with Trapped keV Ion Beams

Hyperfine Interactions - The motion of an ion bunch trapped between two electrostatic mirrors in an ion trap resonator has been studied. Under certain conditions the ion motion becomes correlated...     

重离子束治癌

本文回顾了辐射治癌的历史发展和国内外动态,讨论了重离子束与常规辐射相比在肿瘤治疗上的优势,提出了为治疗应用的重离子束的主要参数以及在兰州重离子研究装置（ＨＩＲＦＬ）拟建的冷却储存环（ＣＳＲ）上建立治疗实验室的初步考虑． Historical background and trends at home and abroad for radiation therapy arelooked back in the paper. The advantages of heavy ion beam in comparision with conventional radiation in tumour treatment are discussed. The main parameters of heavy ion beams fortherapy application and a tentative idea constructing treatment rooms at Cooling StorageRing(CSR) of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) are proposed.     

厄米-双曲余弦-高斯光束的瞄准稳定性

用失调叠加积分的方法 ,对厄米双曲余弦高斯光束的瞄准稳定性作了研究 ,得到了厄米双曲余弦高斯光束失调因子 ηm2 的精确解析公式和近似解析公式 ,并用数值计算了相对横向偏移和相对角向偏移对失调因子ηm2 的影响以及对精确解析公式和近似解析公式的适用范围作了分析和说明。     

A Simple Ion Source for Monoenergetic Multiply Charged Ion Beams

A small and inexpensive electron beam ion source for multiply charged ions of noble gases is described. One of its essential characteristics is the low energy spread of the extracted ion beam, which depends on the charge state q of the ions and amounts to ∽q × 50 meV. The total ion current containing ionic states up to q = 6 is in the order of 10 nA. The design, construction and important parameters of the ion source are described.     

Afterglow工作模式下ECR离子源脉冲束的产生

为满足国家大科学工程兰州重离子冷却储存环的要求,在14.5GHz ECR 离子源上进行afterglow工作模式的实验,首次产生了高电荷态脉冲束流Ar¹¹⁺和Ar¹²⁺,给出了初步实验结果,并对结果进行了分析和解释.     

Laser Accelerated, High Quality Ion Beams

Intense beams of protons and heavy ions have been observed in ultra-intense laser-solid interaction experiments. Thereby, a considerable fraction of the laser energy is transferred to collimated beams of energetic ions (e.g. up to 50 MeV protons; 100 MeV fluorine), which makes these beams highly interesting for various applications. Experimental results indicate very short pulse duration and an excellent beam quality, leading to beam intensities in the TW range. To characterize the beam quality and its dependence on laser parameters and target conditions, we performed experiments at several high-power laser systems. We found a strong dependence on the target rear surface conditions allowing to tailor the ion beam by an appropriate target design. We also succeeded in the generation of heavy ion beams by suppressing the proton amount at the target surface. We will present recent experimental results demonstrating a transverse beam emittance far superior to accelerator-based ion beams. Finally, we will discuss the prospect of laser-accelerated ion beams as new diagnostics in laser-solid interaction experiements. Special fields of interest are proton radiography, electric field imaging, and relativistic electron transport inside the target.     

放射性核束的库仑激发

综述了利用中、高能放射性核束的库仑激发方法研究位于N＝20和28主壳隙附近的丰中子核结构所取得的进展．系统的实验结果清晰地表明,在离开β稳定线区域时N＝20兰壳隙突然消失和N＝28主壳隙的减弱过程．提出了利用兰州放射性束流线开展双幻核Ni50附近核素的低位能级核结构研究的构想． The study of coulomb excitation of the neutron-rich nuclei around N=20 and 28 shell closure with radioactive ion beam at intermediate energy is reviewed. The systematics of the measured energy of the 2+1 state shows that the N=20 shell closure in neutron-rich isotopes with Z≤12 disappears suddenly and N=28 shell elosure appears to be weak for 44S.The coulomb excitation studies of the exotic nuclei around the double magic 7828Ni50 at RIBLL are proposed.     

C离子束放射治疗肿瘤的进展

重离子(C离子)用于肿瘤放射治疗具有物理学和生物学两方面的优势, 被誉为面向21世纪最佳放疗用射线。 综合论述了世界各国重离子束治癌的发展历史, 在日本国立放射医学综合研究所(NIRS)提供的临床试验数据基础上分析了C离子束治疗的适应症以及对正常组织的放射损伤。 此外, 通过分析潜在患者人数和治疗相关硬件与软件设备, 对C离子束治癌的运用前景做了初步评估。Heavy ions (carbon ions) were considered currently as the best radiation in radiotherapy for their two superiorities in the physical and biological properties. This paper firstly put the focus on the history of development of heavy ion radiotherapy in the world, then a comprehensive analysis of the indications and radiation damages of normal tissues in clinical trails of heavy ion therapy was made based on the published data by NIRS. Moreover, the prospect of using carbon ions in radiotherapy was estimated by analyzing the potential patients’ number, its related instruments and etc.     

Regularities of Plasma-Immersion Formation of Long-Pulse High-Intensity Titanium Ion Beams

Russian Physics Journal - The results of experimental investigations on plasma-immersion formation of ballistically focused beams of low-energy titanium ions with the pulse duration up to 30...     

Computer Simulation of High Power Ion Beams Interaction with Matter

When high-power ion beams (HPIB) collides with matter, it generates plasma with parameters of a wide range, staring with those well mastered in physics and gas discharge technologies and ending with those appropriate to such natural systems as star nucleus and thermonuclear systems in feasible power projects based on the controlled inertial thermonuclear synthesis. We are interested in a fairly wide range of beam power densities (from 1 GW/cm² to 10 TW/cm²). This paper describes one mathematical model in one dimension (a plane geometry is assumed) and one model in two dimensions (r- and z-coordinates). The models are completed by wide- range equations of state for real matter (construction materials) and supplemented with additional equations describing rheological, thermophysical, and optical properties of solid media under consideration (in various phase states from solid to plasma, including states of a strongly nonideal plasma). On the base of the continual approach, mechanical destruction of materials due to tensile strain generated by rarefaction waves is taken into account. In modeling the action of ion beams of moderate intensity (I < 10 GW/cm²) on metal targets, elastoplastic properties are taken into account, and in describing the action of ion beams with intensities I > 10 GW/cm² (in the two- dimensional model based on the large-particle technique) heat transfer, including radiational processes, is considered. Opportunities offered by contemporary computer simulation techniques in the field of interaction between HPIB and matter are demonstrated, in particular, a possibility of simulating hypervelocity impact with the help of HPIB has been shown and the necessary conditions have been determined. The results of our computer simulation may be interesting from the viewpoint of some technological applications of HPIB, for example, pulsed destruction and strengthening of construction materials, pulsed ion implantation and etc. [1].     

重离子束的随机冷却系统设计研究

随机冷却系统有助于提高兰州重离子冷却储存环（ＣＳＲ）中束流累积效率，减小束流发射度．首先通过Ｆｏｋｋｅｒ－Ｐｌａｎｃｋ方程的建立，解出了某种初始分布下粒子分布的时间演化结果，并模拟了冷却过程；然后结合ＣＳＲ物理设计参数，计算了部分典型被加速离子的冷却时间，同时比较了电子冷却和随机冷却的冷却力，得出了一些结论；最后提出了硬件设计方案. Stochastic cooling system in Cooling Storage Ring (CSR) at Lanzhou will help to cool beam phase space and increase the accumulation ratio and efficency. In this paper, a Fokker Planck eqution is described and used to simulate cooling process.According to the main parameters of CSR,cooling time of some typical ions has been calculated and the cooling forces of electron cooling and stochastic cooling are compared. Finally, A hardware designing plan is proposed.     

电偏转扫描法测量高电荷态ECR源发射度

成功地研制了一套适合于低能离子束流发射度测量的电偏转扫描探测器.对该探测器的原理和结构作了较详细的描述,并给出该探测器对兰州近代物理研究所高电荷态ECR源LECR3引出离子束流发射度的测量结果.典型结果为:在引出高压为15.97kV,引出束流为190μA时,O⁴⁺水平发射度(x方向)为137πmm·mrad,垂直发射度(y方向)为120πmm·mrad(包括90%束流).最后,对测量结果作了一些分析和讨论.     

离子束次级辐射对春麦的诱变效应

利用中能重离子束辐照生物靶材料时产生的中子、γ射线和次级碎片等次级辐射对春麦种子进行辐照 ,然后通过田间试验和实验室的分析测定 ,得到了 M1代植株的变化 . (1 )在生物学性状中 ,穗粒数、小穗数、千粒重、穗粒重、小穗密度和有效分蘖数变异率较大 ;(2 )除 SOD活性外 ,POD活性、CAT活性、MDA含量和蛋白质含量的变异率也较大 ;(3 )休眠种子和萌发种子辐照M1代在生物学性状的变化上存在很大的差异 ;(4)两个春麦材料的辐射敏感性差异明显 .由此表明 ,兰州重离子加速器辐照终端在进行生物学实验时产生的次级辐射是可能利用的诱变源. Secondary radiation such as neutrons, high energy light particees, γ rays is produced when ion beams with medium energy irradiate biological materials. Spring wheat was placed in radiobiological experiment area(irradiation terminal L2) to expose to the secondary radiation. The variation of M1 generation of the wheat seeds was obtained through test in the fields and measuremeat in laboratery: (1) There were very high variation rates in grain number, number of small...     

BRISOL铝同位素放射性核束的产生

北京放射性核束装置在线同位素分离器(BRISOL)采用100 MeV回旋加速器提供的最大200μA的质子束打靶在线产生放射性核束。在BRISOL上已经使用氧化钙靶、氧化镁靶产生了Na⁺、K⁺等放射性核束。为了产生铝同位素放射性核束,研发了碳化硅靶材,开展了碳化硅靶产生铝放射性核束的实验研究。在BRISOL装置上首次产生了铝同位素放射性核束,其中^26gAl⁺的束流强度为8.7×10⁷ pps,²³Al⁺的束流强度为2.2×10² pps,同时将BRISOL靶能承受的质子束流强提升至15。     

强脉冲离子束与新材料工艺

近几年强脉冲离子束胜材料表面改性和薄摹研究表明，强脉冲能量效应赋予离子束新的物理性质，非常有希望形成高效率、低成本的离子束工艺，为此对脉中功率密度为１０＾－６－－１０＾９Ｖ／ｃｍ＾２、脉冲宽度〉１μｓ的强脉冲子束辐照效应强脉冲离子源及其在材料研究中的应用前景进行了评述。     

Reactive Ion Beams Sputtering of Vanadium Oxides Films for Uncooled Microbolometer

Vanadium oxides thin films for uncooled bolometric detectors have been fabricated on Si₃N₄-film-coated Si substrates by low temperature reactive ion beam sputtering in a controlled oxygen atmosphere. The typical growth temperature is kept at 200°C during sputtering, which is compatible with the post-CMOS technology. The as-deposited film exhibits sheet resistance and temperature coefficient resistant of 32 k and –0.025 K^–1 at room temperature, respectively.