Implementation and evaluation of data compression of MR images

A full-frame bit-allocation technique of data compression has been implemented using the existing computer facilities of an MR imager. Images reconstructed from compressed data files have been compared with the original image and changes in noise and pixel value measured to evaluate any image degradation introduced by the compression process. A 256 x 256 x 8 bit brain image can be compressed in 20 seconds with a compression ratio of greater than 4:1 without significant loss of information.     

一种采用CL550处理器的静态图像编码压缩处理系统

在图像的传输和存储过程中，为减少传输时间与存储空间，必须进行图像压缩。同时，图像压缩技术也是多媒体技术中的一项关键技术。本文介绍一种静态实时图像压缩处理系统。该系统选用专用图像压缩处理器ＣＬ５５０、以ＪＰＥＧ标准完成对静态图像的实时编码压缩处理。文中简要介绍了ＣＬ５５０处理器的性能特点以及该系统的构成     

X光探伤电视的微机图像处理系统的研究

Ｘ光探伤电视系统虽然具备节省Ｘ光软片和可在线探伤等优点以外，还存在着图像分辨率不很高的问题。其图像分辨率不很高的主要原因是由于Ｘ光所激发的二次射线造成的，这是一种随机的噪声干扰。利用在计算机图像处理中的叠加平均法可有效的去除这种噪声干扰，从而提高Ｘ光探伤电视的图像分辨率。电视图像的数字化需要高速的信号采集系统。用硬件构成的图像存贮体可实现高速的图像信号采集，并结合开窗口技术使得Ｘ光探伤电视的成本降低，为高分辨率Ｘ光探伤电视的广泛应用创造了有利的条件。这些对保证产品质量具有十分重要的意义。     

基于分类和曲线拟合的干涉超光谱图像压缩

根据干涉超光谱图像的特点,提出了一种基于图像分类与曲线拟合的干涉超光谱图像数据分解算法,结合内嵌比特平面编码技术实现干涉超光谱图像的压缩。与JPEG2000一样,该算法实现了有损、无损压缩的兼容。将干涉超光谱图像数据分为主干涉区域与非主干涉区域两类,针对主干涉区域提出了一种相似匹配算法,而对非主干涉区域采用经验模式分解和二次曲线拟合方法进行数据分析,两种分析算法结合起来能够有效地对谱线数据进行分解,从而有利于取得更好的压缩效果。仿真结果表明,提出的算法可以使无损压缩的输出码率降低0.2~0.4bit/pixel,而近无损、限失真压缩的重建图像质量相应提高。     

Image Encryption Scheme Based on Mixed Chaotic Bernoulli Measurement Matrix Block Compressive Sensing

Many image encryption schemes based on compressive sensing have poor reconstructed image quality when the compression ratio is low, as well as difficulty in hardware implementation. To address these problems, we propose an image encryption algorithm based on the mixed chaotic Bernoulli measurement matrix block compressive sensing. A new chaotic measurement matrix was designed using the Chebyshev map and logistic map; the image was compressed in blocks to obtain the measurement values. Still, using the Chebyshev map and logistic map to generate encrypted sequences, the measurement values were encrypted by no repetitive scrambling as well as a two-way diffusion algorithm based on GF(257) for the measurement value matrix. The security of the encryption system was further improved by generating the Secure Hash Algorithm-256 of the original image to calculate the initial values of the chaotic mappings for the encryption process. The scheme uses two one-dimensional maps and is easier to implement in hardware. Simulation and performance analysis showed that the proposed image compression–encryption scheme can improve the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed image with a low compression ratio and has good encryption against various attacks.     

超微弱发光图像的统计处理方法

应用超高灵敏度的光电成像系统，获得了活体昆明鼠的超微弱生物发光图像，并用概率统计理论研究了光子图像中的光子频数分布，得到了一种去除噪声的原则。文中首次提出了用Ｘ＾２准则拟合实际图像中的信号区和背景区分布，并根据得到的统计估计值对光子图像进行处理的方法，该法对实验获得的昆明鼠的超微弱生物发光有较好的处理效果，提高了图像的信噪比，得到了好的观察效果。     

数码相机原理与系统设计研究

介绍了数码相机的工作原理 ,分析了数码相机的系统结构 ,提出了设计数码相机的处理流程。典型的数码相机系统有镜头、闪光灯、光学取景器、LCD显示屏、图像数据存储扩展设备接口、图像数据传输接口、供电系统以及核心处理器等八个主要模块。数码相机的数据流向从图像传感器开始 ,止于图像数据的存储和传输。数据流的处理主要包括模数转换、光学黑电平钳位、针对镜头的边缘畸变的运算修正、坏像素处理、白平衡处理、伽马校正、色彩合成处理、边缘检测 (锐度检测 )和伪彩色检测 (伪彩色抑制 )、JPEG压缩和图像存储器等模块     

基于VxWorks的电视图像测偏

Bt878A视频采集卡和Intel X86微机性能稳定、价格低廉.提出了一套利用Bt878A芯片的视频采集卡在Intel X86平台和嵌入式操作系统VxWorks上实现电视图像取差测偏的方案.通过开放高速缓冲,使PCI总线下,对于90×60像素的波门,处理时间由50 ms缩短到5 ms.     

JPEG图像压缩对测量类图像的影响

在JPEG图像压缩的量化过程中,丢弃了部分高频信息,使图像的清晰度下降。通过对频谱的对照分析和对实际图像进行实验后表明,JPEG图像压缩对测量和处理结果的影响与原图像的特点、取样方式、滤波过程和压缩算法有关。经摄像机和图像卡获得的图像,其压缩比可达到10;经扫描仪获得的图像,其压缩比可达到6;经数码相机获得的图像,其压缩比可达到6～8;对特定的医学图像、晶相图像等来说,利用图像的特征构造最优匹配的JPEG压缩量化表,其压缩比可达到10。采用合适的压缩比和改进的压缩方法,图像的细节损失可以控制在较小的范围内,基本上不影响检测类图像的边界提取、分割、尺寸测量时的处理结果。     

Optical encryption of gray-level image using on-axis and 2-f digital holography with two-step phase-shifting method

In this paper we propose an encryption/decryption technique of gray-level image information using an on-axis 2-f digital holographic optical encrypting system with two-step phase-shifting method. This technique reduces the number of holograms in phase-shifting digital holography and minimizes the setup of the encryption system more than multistep phase-shifting technique. We are able to get the complete decrypted image by controlling the K-ratio which is defined as the reference beam intensity versus the object beam intensity. We remove the DC-term of the phase-shifting digital hologram to reconstruct and decrypt the original image information. Simulation results show that the proposed method can be used for encryption and decryption of a 256 gray-level image. Also, the result shows some errors of the decrypted image according to K-ratio.     

An efficient adaptive arithmetic coding image compression technology

This paper proposes an efficient lossless image compression scheme for still images based on an adaptive arithmetic coding compression algorithm. The algorithm increases the image coding compression rate and ensures the quality of the decoded image combined with the adaptive probability model and predictive coding. The use of adaptive models for each encoded image block dynamically estimates the probability of the relevant image block. The decoded image block can accurately recover the encoded image according to the code book information. We adopt an adaptive arithmetic coding algorithm for image compression that greatly improves the image compression rate. The results show that it is an effective compression technology.     

射线检测数字实时成像的不一致性研究

在基于PaxScan4030平板探测器技术的射线检测中,输出图像的像质除受系统噪声的影响外,同时还受探测器固有的光电响应不一致性的影响。通过对影响平板探测器输出图像质量的分析,建立了探测器响应不一致性校正模型。在用常规叠加方法去除噪声的同时,利用校正因子对采集图像进行实时校正,以改善系统性能,提高成像质量。通过实验数据分析和对校正前后输出图像的比较,验证了此方法的可行性,从而为射线检测提供了一种有效的校正方法。     

基于多模光纤散斑的压缩感知在光学图像加密中的应用

为了安全高效地对图像信息进行传输,提出了一种新颖的基于多模光纤散斑的压缩感知结合双随机相位编码的光学图像加密方法.多模光纤产生的光斑作为压缩感知的测量矩阵,完成对图像的第一次压缩和加密,并且充当第一级密钥;再利用双随机相位编码技术进行第二次加密,实现对图像的完整加密过程,随机相位掩模板充当第二级密钥,解密过程与此相反.通过将光斑测量矩阵与用于压缩感知的常用随机测量矩阵进行对比研究后发现,使用光斑测量矩阵解密后的图像质量更好,而且相比于其他随机测量矩阵在硬件实现上的复杂性与高成本,光斑矩阵可以很容易地通过简单的光学器件来获得,且可以利用工作波长的改变来进行变换,也即第一级密钥非常容易变换.同时经研究表明,本文方法可以有效抵抗统计分析、噪声干扰和剪切等攻击,且对密钥敏感性高,具有良好的鲁棒性和安全性.因此,本文提出的这种基于光斑矩阵的压缩感知与双随机相位编码结合起来的加密方法,可以获得良好的加密效果与极大的密钥空间,并且易于在光学领域整合.     

基于分割的热图压缩

热图作为一种专用图像，为了更好地传输和存储，必须进行压缩。本文依据热图的高频成分少，灰度较集中的特点，在借鉴模式识别思想的基础上，提出一种新的压缩方法——基于分割的热图压缩方法。该方法结合了小波变换编码与Ｒ－Ｃ分割方法对热图进行了压缩，并以传热学原理为依据，对其进行内插重建，获得了１０２４的高压缩比，并得到较好的可视性。这种方法尤其适用于仅具有目标和背景的红外热图。该方法有利于硬件的实现，且可以更好地利用硬件的实时性。     

干涉多光谱卫星图像序列编码

星载干涉多光谱图像序列通过图像匹配实行定位形成光谱序列,相邻图像之间具有很强的相关性,与一般图像序列不同的是,相邻图像之间具有明显的平移特点。为了充分利用这一特点实现有效的图像压缩,同时减少编码系统复杂度,提出了一种新的图像序列编码方法,通过小波域系数匹配算法检测出相邻图像之间的相对位移量,然后对差值图像进行类似于单幅图像的编码,从而提高了总体编码效率。本算法具有与相同单幅图像编码算法相当的低复杂度特点,只需要对单幅图像与模板的差值进行基于小波变换的编码,从而避免了基于三维小波变换的编码算法对系统存储量要求大以及编码延时大的缺陷。仿真结果表明,本算法比基于三维小波变换的编码算法效果更好。     

Soft Compression for Lossless Image Coding Based on Shape Recognition

Soft compression is a lossless image compression method that is committed to eliminating coding redundancy and spatial redundancy simultaneously. To do so, it adopts shapes to encode an image. In this paper, we propose a compressible indicator function with regard to images, which gives a threshold of the average number of bits required to represent a location and can be used for illustrating the working principle. We investigate and analyze soft compression for binary image, gray image and multi-component image with specific algorithms and compressible indicator value. In terms of compression ratio, the soft compression algorithm outperforms the popular classical standards PNG and JPEG2000 in lossless image compression. It is expected that the bandwidth and storage space needed when transmitting and storing the same kind of images (such as medical images) can be greatly reduced with applying soft compression.     

Joint image encryption and compression scheme based on IWT and SPIHT

A joint lossless image encryption and compression scheme based on integer wavelet transform (IWT) and set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) is proposed to achieve lossless image encryption and compression simultaneously. Making use of the properties of IWT and SPIHT, encryption and compression are combined. Moreover, the proposed secure set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SSPIHT) via the addition of encryption in the SPIHT coding process has no effect on compression performance. A hyper-chaotic system, nonlinear inverse operation, Secure Hash Algorithm-256(SHA-256), and plaintext-based keystream are all used to enhance the security. The test results indicate that the proposed methods have high security and good lossless compression performance.     

基于Sigmoid函数局部视觉适应模型的真实影像再现

为解决图像采集与显示设备之间的动态范围差异,色调映射技术试图建立一种由高到低的动态范围映射关系,可用于一般图像的真实影像再现.在不同亮度适应水平下,人眼能产生不同的响应特性及对比度敏感性,从而同时响应不同明暗的光强.由此建立了一种局部视觉适应的再现算法,采用具有参数控制的Sigmoid函数来模拟视觉适应的S形非线性特点,得到不同局部亮度适应水平下的压缩曲线,因此能较好地协调图像整体对比度、亮度调整与局部增强之间的关系,在增强图像较暗区域的同时,极大程度地保持亮区细节.经主观评价与特征统计参数相结合的方法验证,该算法能有效地实现动态范围压缩,保持图像细节而避免伪像,具有一定的色彩恒定性,且复杂度低,具有很好的实用性.     

On Scientific Data and Image Compression Based on Adaptive Higher-Order FEM

We present a novel compression algorithm for 2D scientific data and images based on exponentially-convergent adaptive higher-order finite element methods (FEM). So far, FEM has been used mainly for the solution of partial differential equations (PDE), but we show that it can be applied to data and image compression easily. The adaptive compression algorithm is trivial compared to adaptive FEM algorithms for PDE since the error estimation step is not present. The method attains extremely high compression rates and is able to compress a data set or an image with any prescribed error tolerance. Compressed data and images are stored in the standard FEM format, which makes it possible to analyze them using standard PDE visualization software. Numerical examples are shown. The method is presented in such a way that it can be understood by readers who may not be experts of the finite element method.     

基于以太网机群的海量高光谱数据处理系统平台设计

在一些大型图像处理系统中,通过构建服务器机群网络,可实现多台服务器并行处理图像数据流。针对高光谱遥感数据及处理算法特点,设计了基于以太网的服务器机群海量高光谱数据处理系统平台,平台由7台服务器和1台千兆网交换机构组成,其中选择CPU核数不低于8核的4台HP刀片服务器作为并行处理服务器,在服务器机群软件设计中,通过任务分解、算法流水化处理及网络负载均衡等方法来实现并行处理。该系统已应用在某遥感数据处理系统中,多台服务器同时写入SAN盘阵,可实现6 000 Mbps的写入能力。