高功率半导体激光对光学元件损伤特性

 为研究880 nm高功率半导体连续激光器对光学元件的损伤特性,选择了K9玻璃、ZnSe晶体和无氧铜进行镀膜加工,形成高反射率和高透过率的光学元件。通过调节到达光学元件表面的平均功率和改变光斑大小来改变光学元件表面的功率密度,并连续照射30 s,最终通过显微镜来观察元件的激光损伤形貌。研究结果表明：镀高反膜的K9玻璃在功率密度达到600 W/cm²时,膜系表面出现烧熔现象,当达到1 000 W/cm²时出现炸裂现象,而无氧铜基底镀金反射镜在上述功率密度下未发现损伤;而镀增透膜的ZnSe晶体在激光功率密度高达1 000 W/cm²时,通过显微镜观察没有发现明显的损伤,热像仪显示基底温升为5 ℃。     

Temperature field modeling during multi-modes CO2 laser irradiation of human enamel

We examine the temperature fields of human enamel [Yu D, Fox JL, Hsu J, Lynn Powell G, Higuchi WI. Computer simulation of surface temperature profiles during CO₂ laser irradiation of human enamel. Opt Eng 1993; 32(2)] during multi-modes CO₂ laser irradiation. For this we use the integral transform method as well as direct and inverse Laplace transform [Oane M, Sporea D. Temperature profiles modeling in IR optical components during high power laser irradiation. Infrared Phys Technol 2001; 42(1): 31–40; Oane M, Sporea D. Study of heat transfer in IR optical components during CO₂ laser irradiation. Proc SPIE 2001; 4430: 898–904; Oane M. Mathematical modeling of the thermal field distributions in solids under multiple laser irradiations. Proc SPIE 2003; 5227: 329–34; Oane M, Apostol I, Timcu A. Temperature field modeling in laser heated metals for laser cleaning of surfaces. Proc SPIE 2003; 5227: 323–8]. The enamel block is modeled as homogeneous cylinder in three dimensions. Results indicate that (i) the thermal field depends on multi-modes structure; (ii) heat transfer coefficient plays an important role in temperature distribution.     

Nanoimprint lithography using IR laser irradiation

A new technique called “infrared laser-assisted nanoimprint lithography” was utilised to soften the thermoplastic polymer material mR-I 8020 during nanoimprint lithography. A laser setup and a sample holder with pressure and temperature control were designed for the imprint experiments. The polymer was spin coated onto crystalline Si <1 1 1> substrates. A prepatterned Si <1 1 1> substrate, which is transparent for the CO₂ laser irradiation, was used as an imprint stamp as well. It was shown, that the thermoplastic resist mR-I 8020 could be successfully imprinted using the infrared CW CO₂ laser irradiation (λ = 10.6 μm). The etching rate of the CO₂ laser beam irradiated mR-I 8020 resist film under O₂ RF (13.56 MHz) plasma treatment and during O₂ reactive ion beam etching was investigated as well.     

Co removal and phase transformations during high power diode laser irradiation of cemented carbide

The use of a continuous wave-high power diode laser for removing surface Co-binder from Co-cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co (5.8 wt%.)) hardmetal slabs was investigated. Combined scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses were performed in order to study the phase transformations and micro-structural modifications of the WC-Co substrates occurring during and after laser irradiation. The micro-structure of the WC-Co progressively transforms as energy density increased, exhibiting stronger removal of Co and WC grain growth. At very high energy density, local melting of the WC grains with the formation of big agglomerates of interlaced grains is observed, and the crystalline structure of the irradiated substrate shows the presence of a brittle ternary eutectic phase of W, Co and C (often referred to as the η-phase). The latter can be detrimental to the mechanical properties of WC-Co. Therefore, the proper adjustment of the laser processing parameters plays a crucial role in surface treatments of WC-Co substrates prior to post-processing like diamond deposition.     

Broad band laser polarization rotator for high power applications in the IR

A device is described that rotates the polarization of a laser beam by 90° using successive reflections from four mirrors. The device can handle large incident powers and has a wide spectral range.     

强激光系统光学元件波前相位梯度分析

 介绍了在高功率固体激光系统中用于评价光学元件对光束聚焦特性影响的参数——波前相位梯度及其检测原理和计算方法,并与常用的光学元件评价参数P V值、RMS值以及新引入的评价方式——PSD进行了比较。得到了高功率激光系统中几种典型光学元件的相位梯度分析结果,结果表明利用相位梯度分析方法能够有效的对光学元件的加工质量进行评价。     

强激光系统光学元件波前相位梯度分析

介绍了在高功率固体激光系统中用于评价光学元件对光束聚焦特性影响的参数——波前相位梯度及其检测原理和计算方法,并与常用的光学元件评价参数P V值、RMS值以及新引入的评价方式——PSD进行了比较。得到了高功率激光系统中几种典型光学元件的相位梯度分析结果,结果表明利用相位梯度分析方法能够有效的对光学元件的加工质量进行评价。     

Bleaching and diffusion of laser dyes in solution under high power UV irradiation

Bleaching experiments in some laser dyes under high power UV irradiation from a nitrogen laser are described. Very high bleaching quantum efficiencies, of the order of 10^-3 molecules bleached/photon absorbed, and a dependence of this efficiency on intensity have been found. The diffusion coefficients for the dyes in ethyl alcohol were also measured.     

Transmission of narrow band high power laser radiation through optical fibers

Due to nonlinear optical processes, especially stimulated Brillouin scattering and four-wave-mixing, narrow band laser radiation cannot be transmitted unaffected through optical fibers at higher power levels. Threshold conditions for the various orders of generated sidebands and the emission spectrum are theoretically and experimentally investigated with particular emphasis on the reflectivities at the fibers ends. In addition to the increase in spectral width, also a limit of the transmission ratio of 25% at high power level was found.     

Performance analysis of a new biolistic gun using high power laser irradiation

Impingement of a high power laser pulse (above 10⁹ W/cm²) on a metal foil causes ablation, which is characterized by a rapid expulsion of matter and initiation of a strong shock wave inside the solid metal. The shock propagates through the foil and reverberates on the rear side causing instant deformation of the foil, whose surface is treated with micro particles prior to ablation. Based on this principle of micro particle ejection, we develop a new biolistic gun with improved controllability, stability, efficiency of our previous system, and perform characterization of the penetration shapes at varying confinements and energy levels. The confinement media include BK7 glass, water, and succulent jelly (ultrasound gel). Biological tissue was replicated by a gelatin-water solution at a 3% weight ratio. Present data show that confinement effect results in a conspicuous enhancement of penetration reached by 5 μm cobalt micro particles. Also, there exists an optimal thickness at each energy level when using liquid confinement for enhanced particle delivery.     

高功率光学元件畸变波前位相均方根梯度计算

 根据实际光学元件的畸变波前建立了畸变波前模型,分析了位相均方根梯度计算过程中,三种波前数据处理方式的各自特点及优劣,并得出最佳处理方式,即对波前边缘增添零采样点、加汉宁窗处理、傅里叶变换、低通滤波、傅里叶逆变换、乘上逆汉宁窗,最后截取原始长度的数据。讨论了畸变波前边缘增添零采样点的个数、波前口径、波前抽样间距与均方根误差之间的相互关系。计算证明,对于口径为300 mm×300 mm、抽样间隔为0.5 mm的随机波前,当取截止频率为33 mm^－1、初始波前两边分别添14个点即波前尺寸扩大7 mm长时,其均方根误差最小,此时该值为 0.008 λ,恢复的波前最理想,计算所得的位相均方根梯度也最合理。     

高功率光学元件畸变波前位相均方根梯度计算

根据实际光学元件的畸变波前建立了畸变波前模型,分析了位相均方根梯度计算过程中,三种波前数据处理方式的各自特点及优劣,并得出最佳处理方式,即对波前边缘增添零采样点、加汉宁窗处理、傅里叶变换、低通滤波、傅里叶逆变换、乘上逆汉宁窗,最后截取原始长度的数据。讨论了畸变波前边缘增添零采样点的个数、波前口径、波前抽样间距与均方根误差之间的相互关系。计算证明,对于口径为300 mm×300 mm、抽样间隔为0.5 mm的随机波前,当取截止频率为33 mm－1、初始波前两边分别添14个点即波前尺寸扩大7 mm长时,其均方根误差最小,此时该值为 0.008 λ,恢复的波前最理想,计算所得的位相均方根梯度也最合理。     

UV laser irradiation of IR laser generated particles ablated from nitrobenzyl alcohol

Particles generated by 2.94 μm pulsed IR laser ablation of liquid 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol were irradiated with a 351 nm UV laser 3.5 mm above and parallel to the sample target. The size and concentration of the ablated particles were measured with a light scattering particle sizer. The application of the UV laser resulted in a reduction in the average particle size by one-half and an increase in the total particle concentration by a factor of nine. The optimum delay between the IR and UV lasers was between 16 and 26 μs and was dependent on the fluence of the IR laser: higher fluence led to a more rapid appearance of particulate. The ejection velocity of the particle plume, as determined by the delay time corresponding to the maximum two-laser particle concentration signal, was 130 m/s at 1600 J/m² IR laser fluence and increased to 220 m/s at 2700 J/m². The emission of particles extended for several ms. The observations are consistent with a rapid phase change and emission of particulate, followed by an extended emission of particles ablated from the target surface.     

Study of the plasma plume generated during near IR femtosecond laser irradiation of silicon targets

Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser ablation of silicon has been investigated by Langmuir probe and time-gated optical emission spectroscopy. The measured spectra show the presence of a fast ion population preceding the main plume core of slow ions and neutrals produced by a thermal ablation mechanism. By analyzing the fluence thresholds for the emission of the two ion populations, we provide clear experimental evidence that fast ions are ejected non-thermally from the sample surface as a result of the Si surface supercritical state induced by the intense ultrashort laser pulse irradiation. PACS 52.50.Jm; 52.38.Mf; 79.20.Ds; 61.82.Fh     

Tantalum irradiation by high power pulsed laser at 1315 and 438 nm wavelengths

The high power pulsed laser Prague asterix laser system (PALS), operating at the fundamental (1ω) and third (3ω) harmonics (1315 and 438 nm wavelengths, respectively), is employed in a single-shot mode to irradiate tantalum targets in vacuum. The laser pulse width is 400 ps and the laser pulse energy ranges between 43 and 736 J at 1ω and between 12 and 230 J at 3ω. High ablation yields (0.1–0.6 mg per pulse) are measured as a function of the laser pulse energy at both wavelengths; at 438 nm higher etching rates are observed. The produced craters are analysed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by the high sensitivity surface profiler system. They are investigated in dimension, shape and angle aperture as a function of the incident laser energy. Different possible mechanisms responsible for the different crater shapes are presented and discussed.     

Semiconductor laser and optical amplifier modeling

Approaches are discussed to analyzing the dynamics and statics of the radiation of semiconductor lasers and optical amplifiers and the interplay of physical processes that occur in an active medium and affect their radiation parameters. Some device designs and features of their computer implementation are described.     

空间层叠矩形阵列式角多路解码光路设计

根据角多路技术原理,提出了一种矩形阵列空间层叠形式的解码光路结构和先分组解码再组内解码的两步解码方式,并针对本实验室的高功率准分子激光系统给出了具体的解码光路设计实例。该方法具有解码精度高,设计误差小,与光路准直、激光参数测量系统等兼容性好,便于加工制作和安装调试等优点。     

Compact,wide aperture X-ray preionized XeCl laser with high specific optical power

An X-ray preionized, discharge-pumped XeCl laser with a variable beam cross-section of up to 6×6 cm² is described. It uses flat electrodes and the beam width is determined by X-ray collimation. Its operation characteristics concerning reduced electric field strength (E/p) and X-ray dose are discussed in detail. The inductance of the discharge loop is minimized using a water capacitor arrangement. A very high specific optical power (90 MW/l) is achieved in an active volume of 1.2 l. The pulse energy exceeds 5 J in a 45 ns pulse (FWHM). Komatsu Ltd., Manda 1200, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 254, Japan Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Department of Plasma Physics, Academia Sinica, Shanghai, P.R. China     

高峰值功率脉冲激光与石英光纤耦合的空气击穿问题

研究了15 MW峰值功率脉冲激光与600 μm芯径石英光纤耦合中存在的空气击穿现象。对聚焦区域的空气击穿现象进行了理论和实验研究,测得空气击穿阈值为0.79×109 W/cm2。测得固体介质的激光损伤阈值为2.12×109 W/cm2,与理论计算结果相符。提出了七合一光纤耦合器用于解决空气击穿的办法,实验测得7根光纤并束的耦合效率为67.21%。结果表明光纤耦合器可有效解决15 MW峰值功率脉冲激光与600 μm芯径石英光纤的耦合。