Efficient methods in the search for periodic oscillations in dynamical systems

Efficient methods in the search for the periodic oscillations of dynamical systems are described. Their application to the sixteenth Hilbert problem for quadratic systems and the Aizerman problem is considered. A synthesis of the method of harmonic linearization with the applied bifurcation theory and numerical methods for calculting periodic oscillations is described.     

Global stability and oscillations of dynamical systems describing synchronous electrical machines

A new mathematical model for a synchronous machine with strong excitation control is proposed. The limit load problem for synchronous machines is considered. The limit admissible load is estimated by the nonlocal reduction method. Criteria for the existence of circular solutions and limit cycles of the second kind for the model of a synchronous machine are obtained.     

Synthesis of controllers for damping oscillations in dynamical systems under uncertainty

We review the modern approaches to the synthesis of robust H _∞ controllers that ensure optimal damping of oscillations in dynamical systems under uncertainty. In the synthesis method based on Riccati equations, these many-parameter equations can be solved only when the parameters are contained in a bounded parallelepiped with given boundaries. The synthesis of a robust H _∞ output control for systems with unknown bounded parameters is reducible to the solution of an optimization problem constrained by a system of linear matrix inequalities. The proposed controller synthesis algorithms are implemented using standard MATLAB procedures. The efficiency of the proposed methods and algorithms is demonstrated in application to optimal damping of oscillations in a parametrically excited pendulum. __________ Translated from Nelineinaya Dinamika i Upravlenie, No. 4, pp. 87–104, 2004.     

Time-adaptive non-linear finite-element computations for thermo-mechanically coupled analysis in inelastic dynamical systems

In structural dynamics the initial boundary-value problem has to be solved in the space and time domain. The spatial discretization is done using finite elements yielding systems of differential equations of second-order. Incorporating inelastic material properties, thermo-mechanical coupling and particular Dirichlet boundary conditions essentially changes the underlying mathematical problem. The main goal is to provide higher-order time integration schemes using diagonally-implicit Runge-Kutta methods (DIRK) and the Generalized α-method consistently applied to the semi-discretized ODE-system comprising the semi-discretized equations of motion, the unsteady semi-discrete heat equation and constitutive equations of evolutionary-type. Furthermore, we want to show the applicability of time-adaptivity by embedded schemes so that step-sizes are chosen automatically. The inelastic constitutive equations are given by a thermo-viscoplasticity model of Perzyna/Chaboche-type with non-linear kinematic hardening. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Asymptotic solution of the problem of the optimal control of non-linear oscillations in the neighbourhood of a resonance

A weakly controllable system with two rotating phases is considered in a regime of resonance oscillations. The characteristic rate of change of the slow variables in the system is of the order of ε, and the control is contained in the terms of the equations of order ε^3/2. This order of magnitude of the control makes it possible to control a resonance regime over time intervals of the order of 1/ε. The purpose of the control is to minimize a functional representing the deviation from a steady resonance regime. It is shown that there is a hierarchy of fast and slow motions in the equations of the maximum principle. An algorithm is described for the asymptotic integration of these equations using successive averaging. The problem of vibrational maintenance of the steady rotation of an unbalanced rotor is considered as an example.     

Synthesis of a control in a non-linear dynamical system based on decomposition

A non-linear controllable dynamical system with many degrees of freedom, described by Lagrange equations of the second kind, is considered. Geometric constraints are imposed on the magnitudes of the controls. It is assumed that, in the equations of motion, the kinetic energy matrix is close to a certain constant diagonal matrix. It is possible, for example, to reduce the equations of motion of robots, the drives of which have large gear ratios, to a system of this kind. A problem is formulated on the transfer of a system in a finite time from a specified initial state to a final state with zero velocities. The method of decomposition [1] is used to construct the equations. Sufficient conditions are found subject to which the maximum values of the non-linear terms in the equations of motion do not exceed the permissible magnitudes of the controls. In this case, non-linearities are treated as limited perturbations and the system is decomposed into independent, linear, second-order subsystems. A feedback control is specified for these subsystems which guarantees that each of them is brought into the final state for any permissible perturbations. The control has a simple structure. Applications of the proposed approach to problems in the control of manipulating robots are considered.     

Word frequency and entropy of symbolic sequences: a dynamical perspective

Symbolic sequences generated by nonlinear dynamics, a German text and a piece of classical music are investigated. The higher order block entropies and the mean uncertainty are calculated using both analytical and numerical methods. The existence of weak long memory effects and the corresponding scaling of the entropies are explored. The hypothesis is developed that for language-like processes the block entropies increase in a sublinear way with the word length n, i.e. H_n a n^μ with exponents in the range μ 1/4−1/2. Correspondingly the effective number of words follows a stretched exponential law.     

Non-linear oscillations of a 1:1 resonance Hamiltonian system

The non-linear oscillations of an autonomous two-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian system in the neighbourhood of its stable equilibrium position are considered. It is assumed that the Hamilton function is sign-definite in the neighbourhood of the equilibrium position and that the values of the frequencies of its linear oscillations are equal or close to one another (1:1 resonance). The investigation is carried out using the example of the problem of the motion of a dynamically symmetrical rigid body (satellite) about its centre of mass in a circular orbit in a central Newtonian gravitational field. In this problem there is relative equilibrium of the rigid body in the orbital system of coordinates, for which its axis of dynamic symmetry is directed along the velocity vector of the centre of mass. Resonance occurs when the ratio of the polar and equatorial principal central moments of inertia is equal to 4/3 or is close to it. The problem of the existence, bifurcation and orbital stability of the periodic motions of a rigid body generated from its relative equilibrium is solved. Some aspects of the existence of quasiperiodic motions are also considered.     

Reimbursement systems and regional inpatient allocation: a non-linear optimisation model

^** Email: marion.rauner{at}univie.ac.at^*** Email: georg.schneider{at}univie.ac.at^**** Email: kurt.heidenberger{at}univie.ac.at This study presents a non-linear optimisation model for investigatingthe optimal allocation of both budgets and inpatients with differenttreatments among hospitals within a geographic region such asVienna. The objective function maximises the overall qualityof treatment provided by regional hospitals. We compare theeffects of two different reimbursement systems—fixed versusvariable budgets—on optimal allocation strategies. Thecombination of modelling ideas from hospital location-allocationmodels and economic models to solve such a problem is new accordingto the literature. We found that fixed budgets outperformedvariable budgets as fewer Euros had to be invested for an incrementalunit of quality of care provided in most of the policy scenariosanalysed. Regional demand and supply patterns for differenttreatments affect the decision makers' choice of the most suitablereimbursement system. In our illustrative example, two hospitalsappeared inefficient regardless of the reimbursement system.Vienna policy makers are currently considering restructuringthese hospitals. They plan to merge one with nearby hospitalsand transform the other into a nursing home.     

Non-linear oscillations of a Hamiltonian system with 2:1 resonance

Non-linear oscillations of an autonomous Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom in the neighbourhood of a stable equilibrium are considered. It is assumed that the frequency ratio of the linear oscillations is close to or equal to two, and that the Hamiltonian is sign-definite in the neighbourhood of the equilibrium. A solution is presented to the problem of the orbital stability of periodic motions emanating from the equilibrium position. Conditionally periodic motions of an approximate system are analysed taking into account terms of order up to and including three in the normalized Hamiltonian. The KAM theory is used to consider the problem of maintaining these motions taking into account fourth- and higher-order terms in the series expansion of the Hamiltonian in a sufficiently small neighbourhood of the equilibrium. The results are used to investigate non-linear oscillations of an elastic pendulum.     

Non-linear oscillations of a satellite at 1:1:1 resonance

The motion of a satellite about its centre of mass in a central Newtonian gravitational field is investigated. The satellite is considered to be a dynamically symmetrical rigid body. It is assumed that the ratio of the polar and equatorial principal central moments of inertia of the satellite is 4/3, or close to this. The orbit of the centre of mass is elliptic, and the orbit eccentricity is assumed to be small. In the limit case, when the orbit of the centre of mass is circular, a steady motion exists (corresponding to relative equilibrium of the satellite in the orbital system of coordinates) in which the axis of dynamic symmetry is directed along the velocity vector of the centre of mass of the satellite; here, the frequencies of the small linear oscillations of the axis of symmetry are equal or close to one another. But in an elliptic orbit of small eccentricity, multiple 1:1:1 resonance occurs in this case, as the oscillation frequencies mentioned are equal or close to the frequency of motion of the centre of mass of the satellite in orbit. The non-linear problem of the existence, bifurcations and stability of periodic motions of the satellite with a period equal to the rotation period of its centre of mass in orbit is investigated.     

Information and dynamical systems: a concrete measurement on sporadic dynamics

We present a method for the study of dynamical systems based on the notion of quantity of information. Measuring the quantity of information of a string by using data compression algorithms, it is possible to give a notion of orbit complexity of dynamical systems. In compact ergodic dynamical systems, entropy is almost everywhere equal to orbit complexity. We have introduced a new compression algorithm called CASToRe which allows a direct estimation of the information content of the orbits in the 0-entropy case. The method is applied to a sporadic dynamical system (Manneville map).     

Relaxation oscillations in a class of predator-prey systems

We consider a class of three-dimensional, singularly perturbed predator-prey systems having two predators competing exploitatively for the same prey in a constant environment. By using dynamical systems techniques and the geometric singular perturbation theory, we give precise conditions which guarantee the existence of stable relaxation oscillations for systems within the class. Such result shows the coexistence of the predators and the prey with quite diversified time response which typically happens when the prey population grows much faster than those of predators. As an application, a well-known model will be discussed in detail by showing the existence of stable relaxation oscillations for a wide range of parameters values of the model.