正交各向异性弹性问题的规则化边界元法

论文致力于平面正交各向异性弹性问题的规则化边界元法研究,提出了新的规则化边界元法的理论和方法.对问题的基本解的特性进行了研究,确立基本解的积分恒等式,提出一种基本解的分解技术,在此基础上,结合转化域积分方程为边界积分方程的极限定理,建立了新颖的规则化边界积分方程.和现有方法比,论文不必将问题变换为各向同性的去处理,从而不含反演运算,也有别于Galerkin方法,无需计算重积分,因此所提方法不仅效率高,而且程序设计简单.特别是,所建方程可计算任何边界位移梯度,进而可计算任意边界应力,而不仅限于面力.数值实施时,采用二次单元和椭圆弧精确单元来描述边界几何,使用不连续插值逼近边界函数.数值算例表明,论文算法稳定、效率高,所取得的边界量数值结果与精确解相当接近.     

THEORETICAL RELATIONS OF BOUNDARY DISPLACEMENT DERIVATIVES AND TRACTIONS AT SINGULAR BOUNDARY POINT FOR 2D ISOTROPIC ELASTIC PROBLEMS

Although boundary displacement and traction are independent field variables in boundary conditions of an elasticity problem at a non-singular boundary point, there exist definite relations of singularity intensities between boundary displacement derivatives and tractions at a singular boundary point. The analytical forms of the relations at a singular smooth point for 2D isotropic elastic problems have been established in this work. By using the relations, positions of the singular boundary points and the corresponding singularity intensities of the unknown boundary field variables can be determined a priori. Therefore, more appropriate shape functions of the unknown boundary field variables in singular elements can be constructed. A numerical example shows that the accuracy of the BEM analysis using the developed theory is greatly increased.     

Fourier-BEM: or What To Do if No Fundamental Solution is Available?

The application of boundary element methods (BEM) to soil-structure interaction problems is still restricted to cases where fundamental solutions are known. Hence, a large number of engineering problems cannot be solved by the BEM. Therefore, an alternative approach is presented here which establishes new boundary integral equations (BIEs) for the computation of the entries of the BEM matrices by means of the spatial Fourier transform.For these alternative BIEs, we need only the transform of the fundamental solution and not the fundamental solution itself. The former is always available as long as the underlying differential operator is linear and has constant coefficients. The approach is possible for all variants of the BEM. For Galerkin approaches, the double integrations over the boundary panels are replaced by single integrations over the infinite domain.     

A NOVEL BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD FOR LINEAR ELASTICITY--NATURAL BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION

The boundary integral equation (BIE) of displacement derivatives is put at a disadvantage for the difficulty involved in the evaluation of the hypersingular integrals. In this paper, the operators δij and εij are used to act on the derivative BIE. The boundary displacements, tractions and displacement derivatives are transformed into a set of new boundary tensors as boundary variables. A new BIE formulation termed natural boundary integral equation (NBIE) is obtained. The NBIE is applied to solving two-dimensional elasticity problems. In the NBIE only the strongly singular integrals are contained. The Cauchy principal value integrals occurring in the NBIE are evaluated. A combination of the NBIE and displacement BIE can be used to directly calculate the boundary stresses. The numerical results of several examples demonstrate the accuracy of the NBIE.     

各向异性位势平面问题的规则化边界元法

基于转化域方程为边界积分方程的极限定理及一个新颖的基本解分解技术, 建立间接变量规则化边界积分方程, 它有效地避免了奇异积分的直接计算. 与已有方法比,该方法不将问题变换为各向同性的问题去处理, 因而无需反演运算, 也有别于Galerkin方法, 无需计算重积分. 可计算任意边界位势梯度, 而不仅限于法向通量. 针对椭圆边界的边值问题, 提交一种精确单元来描述边界几何. 数值算例表明, 所提算法稳定且效率高, 所得数值结果与精确解吻合较好.      

边界元法计算近边界点参量的一个通用算法

针对边界元法存在近力界点参量计算的困难,给出了一个通用性方法,将近边界点到边界单元的距离参数通过分部积分变换到积分式之外,从而计算出二维问题近边界点参量的几乎强奇异和超奇异积分,由此,对任何近边界点参量,提出了整套计算方案,算例证明了本法的有效性。     

A NEW SEMI-ANALYTIC ALGORITHM OF NEARLY SINGULAR INTEGRALS IN HIGH ORDER BOUNDARY ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF 2D ELASTICITY

针对边界元法中高阶单元中几乎奇异积分计算难题,解剖了二维边界元法高阶单元的几何特征,定义源点相对高阶单元的接近度。将高阶单元上奇异积分核函数用近似奇异函数逼近,从而分离出积分核中主导的奇异函数部分,其奇异积分核分解为规则核函 数和奇异核函数两项积分之和。规则核函数用常规高斯数值积分,再对奇异核函数积分导出解析公式,从而建立了一种新的半解析法,用于高阶边界单元上几乎强奇异和超奇异积分计算。给出3个算例,采用边界元法高阶单元的半解析法计算了弹性力学薄体结构和近边界点位移/应力,并与线性边界元正则化算法结果作了比较,结果表明提出的二次元的半解析算法更加有效。特别是分析薄体结构,采用正则化算法的线性边界元分析比有限元有显著优势,而用提出的二次边界元半解析算法分析比其线性元的有效接近度又减小了4个量级。     

A NEW SEMI-ANALYTIC ALGORITHM OF NEARLY SINGULAR INTEGRALS IN HIGH ORDER BOUNDARY ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF 3D POTENTIAL

分析了三维边界元法高阶曲面单元几何特征,定义接近度来表征源点与积分单元的接近程度.利用源点在积分单元上的垂足点建立局部极坐标系,构造与几乎奇异积分核函数具有相同奇异性的近似函数.从奇异积分核函数中扣除其近似函数,分离出积分核中主导的奇异函数部分,将奇异积分分解为规则核函数和奇异核函数两项积分.规则核函数积分应用常规Gauss数值积分计算,奇异核函数积分在局部极坐标系ρθ下分离积分变量ρ和θ,对ρ积分建立解析计算列式,对θ积分应用常规Gauss数值积分计算,从而对三维位势问题高阶边界单元几乎强奇异和几乎超奇异积分建立一种新的半解析算法.给出了若干温度场算例,采用边界元法高阶单元几乎奇异积分半解析法计算了近边界内点位势和位势梯度,并与线性单元正则化算法计算结果对比,结果证明提出的半解析法计算几乎奇异面积分和薄壁结构更加高效.     

三维边界元法高阶元几乎奇异积分半解析法

分析了三维边界元法高阶曲面单元几何特征,定义接近度来表征源点与积分单元的接近程度.利用源点在积分单元上的垂足点建立局部极坐标系,构造与几乎奇异积分核函数具有相同奇异性的近似函数.从奇异积分核函数中扣除其近似函数,分离出积分核中主导的奇异函数部分,将奇异积分分解为规则核函数和奇异核函数两项积分.规则核函数积分应用常规Gauss数值积分计算,奇异核函数积分在局部极坐标系ρθ下分离积分变量ρ和θ,对ρ积分建立解析计算列式,对θ积分应用常规Gauss数值积分计算,从而对三维位势问题高阶边界单元几乎强奇异和几乎超奇异积分建立一种新的半解析算法.给出了若干温度场算例,采用边界元法高阶单元几乎奇异积分半解析法计算了近边界内点位势和位势梯度,并与线性单元正则化算法计算结果对比,结果证明提出的半解析法计算几乎奇异面积分和薄壁结构更加高效.      

Time-harmonic BEM for 2-D piezoelectricity applied to eigenvalue problems

We will derive the fundamental generalized displacement solution, using the Radon transform, and present the direct formulation of the time-harmonic boundary element method (BEM) for the two-dimensional general piezoelectric solids. The fundamental solution consists of the static singular and the dynamics regular parts; the former, evaluated analytically, is the fundamental solution for the static problem and the latter is given by a line integral along the unit circle. The static BEM is a component of the time-harmonic BEM, which is formulated following the physical interpretation of Somigliana’s identity in terms of the fundamental generalized line force and dislocation solutions obtained through the Stroh–Lekhnitskii (SL) formalism. The time-harmonic BEM is obtained by adding the boundary integrals for the dynamic regular part which, from the original double integral representation over the boundary element and the unit circle, are reduced to simple line integrals along the unit circle.The BEM will be applied to the determination of the eigen frequencies of piezoelectric resonators. The eigenvalue problem deals with full non-symmetric complex-valued matrices whose components depend non-linearly on the frequency. A comparative study will be made of non-linear eigenvalue solvers: QZ algorithm and the implicitly restarted Arnoldi method (IRAM). The FEM results whose accuracy is well established serve as the basis of the comparison. It is found that the IRAM is faster and has more control over the solution procedure than the QZ algorithm. The use of the time-harmonic fundamental solution provides a clean boundary only formulation of the BEM and, when applied to the eigenvalue problems with IRAM, provides eigen frequencies accurate enough to be used for industrial applications. It supersedes the dual reciprocity BEM and challenges to replace the FEM designed for the eigenvalue problems for piezoelectricity.     

应用边界积分法求圆形夹杂问题的解析解

边界元方法作为一种数值方法,在各种科学工程问题中得到了广泛的应用.本文参考了边界元法的求解思路,从Somigliana等式出发,利用格林函数性质,得到了一种边界积分法,使之可以用来寻求弹性问题的解析解.此边界积分法也可以从Betti互易定理得到.应用此新方法,求解了圆形夹杂问题.首先设定夹杂与基体之间完美连接,将界面处的位移与应力按照傅里叶级数展开,根据问题的对称性与三角函数的正交性来简化假设,减少待定系数的个数.其次选择合适的试函数(试函数满足位移单值条件以及无体力的线弹性力学问题的控制方程),应用边界积分法,求得界面处的位移与应力的值.然后再求解域内位移与应力.得到了问题的精确解析解,当夹杂弹性模量为零或趋向于无穷大时,退化为圆孔或刚性夹杂问题的解析解.求解过程表明,若问题的求解区域包含无穷远处时,所取的试函数应满足无穷远处的边界条件.若求解区域包含坐标原点,试函数在原点处位移与应力应是有限的.结果表明了此方法的有效性.     

一类新变量的Reissner板弯曲边界元法

文［４］导出了二维弹性力学平面问题的一类新型边界积分方程，本文将该理论和方法推广到三变量的Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ板弯曲中，给出边界场变量含广义位移和新型广义力的边界积分方程。从而边界弯矩应力张量可直接由离散边界积分方程求出。     

用子域边界元法研究各向异性材料中的界面裂纹

用子域边界元法研究各向异性材料中的界面裂纹，在边界元公式中，采用了带特征根的基本解，以增量形式的边界积分方程为基础，通过二次等参元及国分之一面力奇异远离散化处理，可以得到各子域的代数方程组，依据凝集技术，可得到仅含有子域公共边界及裂纹边界未知量的求解方程组，通过迭代法，可以寻求到每种载荷作用下的裂纹所处的真实状态，然后，由文献「２」中的方法求解界面裂纹的应力强度因子。结果表明，子域边界方法是正确的     

Mode III fracture analysis by Trefftz boundary element method

This paper presents a hybrid Trefftz (HT) boundary element method (BEM) by using two indirect techniques for mode III fracture problems. Two Trefftz complete functions of Laplace equation for normal elements and a special purpose Trefftz function for crack elements are proposed in deriving the Galerkin and the collocation techniques of HT BEM. Then two auxiliary functions are introduced to improve the accuracy of the displacement field near the crack tips, and stress intensity factor (SIF) is evaluated by local crack elements as well. Furthermore, numerical examples are given, including comparisons of the present results with the analytical solution and the other numerical methods, to demonstrate the efficiency for different boundary conditions and to illustrate the convergence influenced by several parameters. It shows that HT BEM by using the Galerkin and the collocation techniques is effective for mode III fracture problems. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10472082). The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

Boundary element method for thermoelastic analysis of three-dimensional transversely isotropic solids

Thermal effects are well known to manifest themselves as additional volume integral terms in the direct formulation of the boundary integral equation (BIE) for linear elastic solids when using the boundary element method (BEM). This domain integral has been successfully transformed in an exact manner to surface ones only in isotropy and in 2D anisotropy, thereby restoring the BEM as a truly boundary solution technique. The difficulties with extending it to 3D general anisotropic solids lie in the mathematical complexity of the Green’s function and its derivatives for such materials. These quantities are required items in the BEM formulation. In this paper, the exact, analytical transformation of the volume integral associated with thermal effects to surface ones is achieved for a transversely isotropic material using a similar approach which the authors have previously employed for the same task in BEM for 2D general anisotropy. A numerical scheme, however, needs to be employed to evaluate some of the new terms introduced in the surface integrals that arise from this process here. The mathematical soundness of the formulation is demonstrated by a few examples; the numerical results obtained are checked by alternative means, including those obtained from the commercial FEM code, ANSYS.     

Seismic oscillations of an elastic rectangular structure protected by a viscoelastic stratum: in-plane problem

We study the problem of seismic protection of a rectangular elastic construction by mean of a viscoelastic stratum made of material of Kelvin–Voigt type. In particular we consider the in-plane problem. By using the standard boundary integral equations method (BIEs), the dynamic problem is reduced to a system of BIEs over the set of boundary lines. In order to reduce the dimension of the problem in its discrete form, for wave processes in the stratum and in the half-space foundation we use a special Green’s function satisfying the stress-free boundary conditions over the boundary of the half-space. A numerical algorithm is used to solve the problem after discretization and finally we discuss the physical meaning of the results and the efficiency of the seismic protection by the viscoelastic stratum.     

Energy domain integral applied to solve center and double-edge crack problems in three-dimensions

A three-dimensional Boundary Element Method (BEM) implementation of the energy domain integral for the numerical computation of the crack energy release rate is presented in this paper. The domain expression of the energy release rate is naturally compatible with the BEM, since stresses, strains and derivatives of displacements at internal points can be evaluated using the appropriate boundary integral equations. The pointwise crack energy release rate is evaluated along the three-dimensional crack front over a cylindrical domains that surround a segment of the crack front. The accuracy of the implementation is demonstrated by solving several problems, which include geometries containing straight as well as curved crack fronts.     

双材料界面裂纹复应力强度因子的正则化边界元法

双材料界面裂纹渐近位移和应力场表现出剧烈的振荡特性,许多用于表征经典平方根(r1/2)和负平方根(r?1/2)渐近物理场的传统数值方法失效,给界面裂纹复应力强度因子(K1+iK2)的精确求解增加了难度.引入一种含有复振荡因子的新型"特殊裂尖单元",可精确表征裂纹尖端渐近位移和应力场的振荡特性,在避免裂尖区域高密度网格剖...     

等参管单元及其在热传导问题边界元法中的应用Isoparametric tube elements and their application in heat conduction BEM analysis

采用边界元法（BEM ）求解实际工程问题时,很大一部分误差来自于离散误差。为此,本文基于Lagrange插值原理,提出了一种三维等参管单元边界元算法,该单元能很好地模拟管状结构的几何外形并对物理量进行高阶插值,大大地消除了离散误差。另外,当在边界元法中使用等参管单元时,提出了一种在等参平面内消除积分奇异性的方法。算例表明,本文算法具有划分网格少,求解精度高的优点。     

On the Dynamic Interaction and Cross-Interaction of 2D Rigid Structures with Orthotropic Elastic Media Possessing General Principal Axes Orientation

A direct boundary element method (BEM) implementation for the dynamic interaction analysis in the frequency domain of 2D rigid structures with elastic orthotropic media is presented. The BEM implementation is based on non-singular full-space influence functions. The rigid structure response is obtained by applying equilibrium and kinetic compatibility conditions. The method is applied to the analysis of the dynamic response of a rigid tunnel in a half-space with various elasticity principal axes inclinations and to the analysis of two rigid rectangular galleries in a half space with various distances between them.