Morphology of nylon 6/polypropylene blends compatibilized with maleated polypropylene

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the morphology of blends of nylon 6 and polypropylene (PP) containing various maleated polypropylenes (PP-g-MA). The size of the dispersed polypropylene particles decreases as the content of maleic anhydride in the PP-g-MA increases for binary blends of nylon 6 and the maleated polypropylenes. Ternary blends of nylon 6, PP, and PP-g-MA show morphologies that depend on the content of maleic anhydride of the PP-g-MA and on the miscibility of PP and PP-g-MA. Blends where PP and PP-g-MA are immiscible show a bimodal distribution of particle sizes. Miscibility of the PP and PP-g-MA was determined by TEM using a special staining technique. Experimental observations of miscibility were further corroborated by thermodynamic calculations. The morphology of the ternary blends was also found to be dependent on the ratio of PP/PP-g-MA. By changing this ratio it was possible to induce drastic changes of morphology, going from a continuous nylon 6 phase to a continuous PP phase at a fixed composition. The mechanical properties of these blends were found to be dependent on their morphology. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Blends of nylon‐6 with phenol‐containing polymers

The miscibility of nylon‐6 with poly(4‐vinylphenol) (PVPh) or poly(1‐hydroxy‐2,6‐methylphenylene) (p‐Cl‐novolac) was studied with differential scanning calorimetry and small‐angle X‐ray scattering techniques. Both PVPh and p‐Cl‐novolac are miscible with nylon‐6 at the molecular level. The presence of the phenolic polymers affects the crystallization of nylon‐6 and suppresses its melting point. PVPh increases the long space order in crystalline nylon‐6 because it increases the thickness of the amorphous layers. In contrast, a small quantity of p‐Cl‐novolac tends to decrease the long space order. It seems that p‐Cl‐novolac distributed in the amorphous regions introduces more order in these regions and makes the amorphous layers thinner. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 841–850, 2001     

Single-Ionic Conductivityin Poly(Sodium 2-Methacryloyl 3-[Ω-Methoxyl Oligo(Oxyethylene)]Propylsulfonate)

Abstract

Sodium 2-methacryloyl 3-[ω-methoxyl oligo(oxyethylene)] propylsulfonate was synthesized, from which homopolymer-based polyelectrolyte was prepared. The polyelectrolytes thus obtained show single Na⁺ionic conductivity at ambient temperature, neither adding plasticizer nor hybridizing small molecular salt. The conductivity depends considerably on the length of oligo(oxyethylene) side-chain. Optimally, the highest conductivity of 6.0 × 10^?6 S/cm at 25°C is obtained when the number of (CH₂CH₂O) repeating units equals 16. Results indicate that the conductivity data follow WLF and VTF equations. The WLF parameters are found to be comparable with “universal” values, and analysis of the configuration entropy model suggests that the conduction of Na⁺ ions is carried out by an association mechanism.     

Morphology of isotactic polypropylene-polyamide 66 blends and their mechanical properties

Compounds were prepared with isotactic polypropylene (iPP) matrix and recycled polyamide 66 fibres (PA66), which were obtained as soft waste in industrial production process. Blends with pristine PA66 pellets were prepared as comparison. The blends showed the presence of PA66 particles dispersed in the PP continuous phase. Considering the incompatibility of the two polymers the addition of isotactic polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (iPPgMA) as compatibilizer was investigated: the blends were characterized by thermal, mechanical, dynamic-mechanical and morphological analyses. The presence of the compatibilizer significantly influences the morphology of the blends, inducing a finer dispersion and promoting interfacial adhesion. The characterization of pristine and recycled PA66 did not show a meaningful difference in the value of molecular weight, on the other hand marked differences were presented in the flexural moduli of the two materials; analogous differences were exhibited by the blends: compounds prepared with recycled PA66 showed flexural moduli higher than compatibilized blends with pristine PA66.     

Novel filled polymer composites prepared from in situ polymerization via a colloidal approach: II. Blends of kaolin/Nylon-6 in situ composites with conventional Nylon-6 and -66

A novel in situ composite comprised of kaolin clay fillers and polyamide 6 (Nylon-6) was synthesized via a colloidal approach by suspending kaolin particles in aqueous caprolactam and then polymerizing the caprolactam under elevated temperature and pressure. This in situ polymerization technique enables the deposition of nylon molecules directly onto the filler surface. It offers a much larger contact surface area for the nylon molecules to interact with the filler particles and enhances filler/matrix interaction through polymer miscibility. The kaolin particles were shown to be uniformly dispersed in Nylon-6 matrix without appreciable agglomeration. In the highly clay-loaded composites such as the 50/50 kaolin/Nylon-6 in situ composite, the deposited nylon molecules probably form a coated layer on the filler particles. This kind of nylon coated fillers may be applied as a reinforcing entity to commercial Nylon-6 or −;66 by improving particle dispersion and melt processability. The 50/50 kaolin/Nylon-6 in situ composites have been used as a masterbatch for blending with commercial Nylon-6 and Nylon-66 to take advantage of their good properties and to reduce cost. Rheology and mechanical properties of the masterbatch/nylon composites have been investigated in comparison with those of the conventional melt-mixed composites. The improvement of rheological and mechanical properties of the in situ composites has been discussed in relation to the composite structure. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

不同改性剂对聚丙烯/碳酸钙复合材料性能的影响

以马来酸酐(MAH)、聚丙烯蜡(PPW)为主要原料,采用原位固相接枝改性法制得PP/CaCO3-MAH-PPW复合材料,并与添加相容剂聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)所制得的PP/PP-g-MAH/CaCO3复合材料进行比较。结果表明,CaCO3良好的分散性及其与PP基体适宜的界面粘接是复合材料具有较好韧性的关键因素。与PP/PP-g-MAH/CaCO3复合材料相比,PP/CaCO3-MAH-PPW复合材料表现出更佳的冲击、弯曲和加工性能,当m(PP)∶m(CaCO3)=100∶20时,材料缺口冲击强度达到最大值,是基体树脂的1.19倍。     

多官能团单体对马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯流变行为的影响

研究了多官能团辅助单体偏苯三酸三丙烯酯（TATM）对马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯的熔体流动速率（MFR）和流变行为的影响.当以不含抗氧剂的聚丙烯粉料为原料时,TATM的加入对稳定接枝产物MFR的效果并不理想.但将聚丙烯粉料添加抗氧剂并造粒后,TATM的加入则可有效稳定体系的MFR,各种流变曲线显示出接枝产物的熔体弹性明显提高,说明有枝化或交联结构出现.针对PP粉料和粒料间接枝产物流变行为存在的重大差异,结合熔体自由基接枝反应的机理进行了解释.TATM能够起到稳定MFR的效果是由于其提高了接枝物的熔体弹性,从而抵消了聚丙烯熔体接枝反应中所不可避免的β断链所造成的剪切黏度下降.聚丙烯粉料和粒料中抗氧剂的差异对聚丙烯的加工降解有严重影响,造成了TATM在不同聚丙烯体系中效果的差异.     

PP/PP-g-MAH与铝板粘接界面相的XPS研究

用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究铝板/聚丙烯层状复合材料的粘接界面相,提出了粘接界面的化学反应机制.研究发现,聚丙烯(PP)中加入马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)时,铝板面上Al 2p、O 1s谱线明显向高结合能端移动,表明PP-g-MAH与铝板表面发生了化学反应,形成Al－O－C配位键.配位键的形成使界面粘接强度明显提高. PP中不含PP-g-MAH时,铝板面上Al 2p、O 1s谱线处于低结合能端,聚丙烯未与铝板表面形成化学配位作用.     

PP-g-MAH对聚丙烯/滑石粉复合材料的性能影响

研究了两种马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MAH）在不同含量时对聚丙烯（PP）/滑石粉复合材料的力学性能、雾化性能和线性膨胀系数的影响.结果表明,接枝物的加入能提高复合材料的拉伸性能、冲击性能和弯曲性能,但随着含量的增加拉伸强度、冲击强度和弯曲强度及弯曲模量有所降低.在含量相同时,接枝物1对冷凝组份的影响更小.复合材料的线性膨胀系数随接枝物含量的增加先减小后增加.