信息右删失数据下比例风险模型的估计问题（英文）

在生存分析中,对右删失数据问题的研究常假设删失时间与失效时间相互独立.然而研究者经常要面对非独立删失的问题,即删失时间与失效时间可能相互关联并彼此影响,尤其表现在临床试验中.如果不考虑这种相关性,便无法得到生存函数的有效估计.针对这种相依结构已有很多处理方法,其中连接函数因结构简单而尤为受到关注.本文主要对信息右删失数据下比例风险模型的相关估计问题进行了研究.利用阿基米德连接函数对删失时间和失效时间的联合分布函数进行假定,在连接函数参数的可识别条件下,得到了连接函数的参数、比例风险模型参数以及基准累积风险函数的极大似然估计,并通过模拟计算的方法验证了估计方法的可行性以及估计量的有效性.     

相依删失下基于连接函数的参数模型的统计分析

在临床数据的收集中,由于竞争性风险或者病人的退出可能导致数据删失.删失数据的统计分析大多是基于独立删失的假定进行的.而实际情况中,数据的删失往往是非独立的,即删失变量和失效时间变量是相关的.相依删失使得原本复杂的删失数据处理变得更加困难.在本文中,假定删失变量和失效时间变量的联合分布可以用它们边际分布的连接函数函数表示,在给定连接函数下,得到了比例风险模型的极大似然估计.模拟计算显示,如果删失假定成立,本文所采用方法比独立删失假定下的估计方法更准确.     

长度偏差右删失数据下均值剩余寿命的复合估计

长度偏差右删失数据是一类复杂的数据,观察到的数据分布与总体分布有所改变且其删失是有信息删失,通常的统计分析方法并不能直接应用到长度偏差数据中.本文将在长度偏差右删失数据下研究均值剩余寿命函数,提出其非参数估计方法,在估计中通过加入长度偏差右删失数据辅助信息,即截断变量和进入试验后的剩余存活时间同分布的辅助信息来提高估计的效率.虽然极大似然方法是有效估计,但是其构造复杂且计算需要迭代来实现,计算量大.为此,本文考虑通过简单的加入辅助信息的方法来构造估计量,并给出估计量的相合性及渐近正态性.本文提出的加入辅助信息估计方法与以往类似方法相比具有较简单的显式表达式,计算方便.     

删失混合效应模型的分位回归及变量选择

纵向数据常常用正态混合效应模型进行分析.然而,违背正态性的假定往往会导致无效的推断.与传统的均值回归相比较,分位回归可以给出响应变量条件分布的完整刻画,对于非正态误差分布也可以给稳健的估计结果.本文主要考虑右删失响应下纵向混合效应模型的分位回归估计和变量选择问题.首先,逆删失概率加权方法被用来得到模型的参数估计.其次,结合逆删失概率加权和LASSO惩罚变量选择方法考虑了模型的变量选择问题.蒙特卡洛模拟显示所提方法要比直接删除删失数据的估计方法更具优势.最后,分析了一组艾滋病数据集来展示所提方法的实际应用效果.     

纵向删失数据下线性模型的相合估计

医药临床试验,生存分析,可靠性统计等研究领域,由于考虑到时间和费用问题,研究往往有一定期限.因为研究到期的被迫结束或者某些病人中途退出试验,最后得到的试验结果往往是删失数据.对于删失数据,采用无偏转换的方法处理,方法的最大优点是得到的估计量为显式解.首先讨论了在纵向右删失数据下线性回归模型回归系数估计的均方相合性,并且把结论推广到了污染线性模型,得到了污染系数、回归系数的强相合估计.     

失混合效应模型的分位回归及变量选择

纵向数据常常用正态混合效应模型进行分析.然而,违背正态性的假定往往会导致无效的推断.与传统的均值回归相比较,分位回归可以给出响应变量条件分布的完整刻画,对于非正态误差分布也可以给稳健的估计结果．本文主要考虑右删失响应下纵向混合效应模型的分位回归估计和变量选择问题．首先,逆删失概率加权方法被用来得到模型的参数估计．其次,结合逆删失概率加权和LASSO惩罚变量选择方法考虑了模型的变量选择问题.蒙特卡洛模拟显示所提方法要比直接删除删失数据的估计方法更具优势．最后,分析了一组艾滋病数据集来展示所提方法的实际应用效果．     

删失指标随机缺失下一类非参数函数的加权局部多项式估计及其应用

本文在右删失数据中删失指标部分随机缺失下,构造了一类非参数函数的校准加权局部多项式估计以及插值加权局部多项式估计,并建立了这些估计的渐近正态性;作为该方法的应用,导出了条件分布函数、条件密度函数以及条件分位数的加权局部线性双核估计和插值加权局部线性双核估计,并且得到了这些估计的渐近正态性;最后,在有限样本下对这些估计进行了模拟.     

长度偏差右删失数据下比例均值剩余寿命模型的估计方法

本文考虑了长度偏差右删失数据下均值剩余寿命模型的统计推断.当截断变量满足平稳性假设时,长度偏差右删失数据比左截断右删失数据具有更多的信息.为了提高参数估计的效率,我们在估计方程构造中添加了额外信息,通过组合方法获得了新的估计.模拟研究的结果也表明,组合估计方程的方法比仅考虑左截断右删失数据的方法更有效,结果表现更好.     

长度偏差右删失数据下[1mm]比例均值剩余寿命模型的估计方法

本文考虑了长度偏差右删失数据下均值剩余寿命模型的统计推断.当截断变量满足平稳性假设时,长度偏差右删失数据比左截断右删失数据具有更多的信息.为了提高参数估计的效率,我们在估计方程构造中添加了额外信息,通过组合方法获得了新的估计.模拟研究的结果也表明,组合估计方程的方法比仅考虑左截断右删失数据的方法更有效,结果表现更好.     

右删失时间序列AR模型参数估计

通过Kaplan-Meier估计和Nelson-Aalen估计得到了平稳时间序列被另一平稳序列右删失下.AR模型的参数估计.首先,通过与完全数据下的参数估计进行对比,说明了两种估计方法的效果.然后,根据计算机模拟的样本量以及删失率的不同,对比了两种估计的优劣,并且模拟结果表明两种估计是有效的.     

Semiparametric analysis of longitudinal data with informative observation times

In many longitudinal studies,observation times as well as censoring times may be correlated with longitudinal responses.This paper considers a multiplicative random effects model for the longitudinal response where these correlations may exist and a joint modeling approach is proposed via a shared latent variable.For inference about regression parameters,estimating equation approaches are developed and asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established.The finite sample behavior of the methods is examined through simulation studies and an application to a data set from a bladder cancer study is provided for illustration.     

Efficient parameter estimation via modified Cholesky decomposition for quantile regression with longitudinal data

It is well known that specifying a covariance matrix is difficult in the quantile regression with longitudinal data. This paper develops a two step estimation procedure to improve estimation efficiency based on the modified Cholesky decomposition. Specifically, in the first step, we obtain the initial estimators of regression coefficients by ignoring the possible correlations between repeated measures. Then, we apply the modified Cholesky decomposition to construct the covariance models and obtain the estimator of within-subject covariance matrix. In the second step, we construct unbiased estimating functions to obtain more efficient estimators of regression coefficients. However, the proposed estimating functions are discrete and non-convex. We utilize the induced smoothing method to achieve the fast and accurate estimates of parameters and their asymptotic covariance. Under some regularity conditions, we establish the asymptotically normal distributions for the resulting estimators. Simulation studies and the longitudinal progesterone data analysis show that the proposed approach yields highly efficient estimators.     

A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Family Background Factors on Mathematics Achievements Using Quantile Regression

Quantile regression is gradually emerging as a powerful tool for estimating models of conditional quantile functions, and therefore research in this area has vastly increased in the past two decades. This paper, with the quantile regression technique, is the first comprehensive longitudinal study on mathematics participation data collected in Alberta, Canada. The major advantage of longitudinal study is its capability to separate the so-called cohort and age effects in the context of population studies. One aim of this paper is to study whether the family background factors alter performance on the mathematical achievement of the strongest students in the same way as that of weaker students based on the large longitudinal sample of 2000, 2001 and 2002 mathematics participation longitudinal data set. The interesting findings suggest that there may be differential family background factor effects at different points in the mathematical achievement conditional distribution.     

基于纵向数据的半参数变系数部分线性回归模型

纵向数据是数理统计研究中的复杂数据类型之一0,在生物、医学和经济学中具有广泛的应用．在实际中经常需要对纵向数据进行统计分析和建模．文章讨论了纵向数据下的半参数变系数部分线性回归模型,这里的纵向数据的在纵向观察在时间上可以是不均等的,也可看成是按某一随机过程来发生．所研究的半参数变系数模型包括了许多半参数模型,比如部分线性模型和变系数模型等．利用计数过程理论和局部线性回归方法,对于纵向数据下半参数变系数进行了统计推断,给出了参数分量和非参数分量的profile最小二乘估计,研究了这些估计的渐近性质,获得这些估计的相合性和渐近正态性．     

Weighted quantile regression for longitudinal data using empirical likelihood

This paper proposes a new weighted quantile regression model for longitudinal data with weights chosen by empirical likelihood (EL). This approach efficiently incorporates the information from the conditional quantile restrictions to account for within-subject correlations. The resulted estimate is computationally simple and has good performance under modest or high within-subject correlation. The efficiency gain is quantified theoretically and illustrated via simulation and a real data application.     

Conditional Logistic Regression With Longitudinal Follow-up and Individual-Level Random Coefficients: A Stable and Efficient Two-Step Estimation Method

The analysis of data generated by animal habitat selection studies, by family studies of genetic diseases, or by longitudinal follow-up of households often involves fitting a mixed conditional logistic regression model to longitudinal data composed of clusters of matched case-control strata. The estimation of model parameters by maximum likelihood is especially difficult when the number of cases per stratum is greater than one. In this case, the denominator of each cluster contribution to the conditional likelihood involves a complex integral in high dimension, which leads to convergence problems in the numerical maximization. In this article we show how these computational complexities can be bypassed using a global two-step analysis for nonlinear mixed effects models. The first step estimates the cluster-specific parameters and can be achieved with standard statistical methods and software based on maximum likelihood for independent data. The second step uses the EM-algorithm in conjunction with conditional restricted maximum likelihood to estimate the population parameters. We use simulations to demonstrate that the method works well when the analysis is based on a large number of strata per cluster, as in many ecological studies. We apply the proposed two-step approach to evaluate habitat selection by pairs of bison roaming freely in their natural environment. This article has supplementary material online.     

Composite Quantile Regression Estimation for Left Censored Response Longitudinal Data

For left censored response longitudinal data, we propose a composite quantile regression estimator (CQR) of regression parameter. Statistical properties such as consistency and asymptotic normality of CQR are studied under relaxable assumptions of correlation structure of error terms. The performance of CQR is investigated via simulation studies and a real dataset analysis.     

On estimation in some reduced rank extended growth curve models

The general multivariate analysis of variance model has been extensively studied in the statistical literature and successfully applied in many different fields for analyzing longitudinal data. In this article, we consider the extension of this model having two sets of regressors constituting a growth curve portion and a multivariate analysis of variance portion, respectively. Nowadays, the data collected in empirical studies have relatively complex structures though often demanding a parsimonious modeling. This can be achieved for example through imposing rank constraints on the regression coefficient matrices. The reduced rank regression structure also provides a theoretical interpretation in terms of latent variables. We derive likelihood based estimators for the mean parameters and covariance matrix in this type of models. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the obtained results.     

On familial longitudinal Poisson mixed models with gamma random effects

Poisson mixed models are used to analyze a wide variety of cluster count data. These models are commonly developed based on the assumption that the random effects have either the log-normal or the gamma distribution. Obtaining consistent as well as efficient estimates for the parameters involved in such Poisson mixed models has, however, proven to be difficult. Further problem gets mounted when the data are collected repeatedly from the individuals of the same cluster or family. In this paper, we introduce a generalized quasilikelihood approach to analyze the repeated familial data based on the familial structure caused by gamma random effects. This approach provides estimates of the regression parameters and the variance component of the random effects after taking the longitudinal correlations of the data into account. The estimators are consistent as well as highly efficient.     

Time-varying latent model for longitudinal data with informative observation and terminal event times

Longitudinal data often occur in follow-up studies, and in many situations, there may exist informative observation times and a dependent terminal event such as death that stops the follow-up. We propose a semiparametric mixed effect model with time-varying latent effects in the analysis of longitudinal data with informative observation times and a dependent terminal event. Estimating equation approaches are developed for parameter estimation, and asymptotic properties of the resulting estimators are established. The finite sample behavior of the proposed estimators is evaluated through simulation studies, and an application to a bladder cancer study is provided.