分布式光纤传感器测量数据可靠性分析方法

分析了分布式光纤传感器测量结果的可靠性,提出从应变系数和温度系数标定到分布式光纤传感器物理量测量以及结果评价的方法,设计了分布式光纤传感器的应变系数和温度系数标定装置,同时分析了应变标定装置的不确定度来源,采用基于光频域反射技术的分布式光纤解调仪进行了实验验证.应变标定范围为-5000με?5000με,温度标定范围为...     

Measurement of residual internal stresses in optical fiber preforms

A non-destructive experimental procedure is presented which enables the determination of residual thermal stresses in optical fiber preforms. The procedure is based on integrated photoelasticity. We carry out the measurement of the optical retardation using the traditional Sénarmont compensation method combined with a fringe shifting technique. The radial distribution of the axial stress is reconstructed using Abel transform. We have investigated two different refractive-index profiles, adopted in the realization of monomode and multimode optical fibers. It was shown that in both cases the results obtained experimentally and those analytically predicted by the Timoshenko elastic model were in good agreement. To obtain accurate experimental results, it was necessary to apply a correction procedure to take into account the fact that the trafectories of the light rays inside the preforms are not straight lines.     

埋入式封装的光纤光栅传感器应变传递分析

推导了布拉格光纤光栅传感器所测应变与实际结构应变的关系,得出了平均应变传递率并与实际试验结果进行比较. 根据应变传递率确定了光纤的临界粘接长度,并推导了多层粘接时的应变传递情况,讨论了影响应变传递率的因素. 结果表明,光纤光栅的粘贴长度必须大于临界粘贴长度,且光纤光栅传感器所测应变需要加以修正才能得到实际结构应变.     

Multiple cracking of elastic coatings under transient thermal load

A periodic array of cracks in an elastic coating bonded to a homogeneous substrate is considered. The medium is subjected to mechanical loads and/or thermal loads. The problem is formulated in terms of a singular integral equation with the crack face displacement as the unknown variable. In addition to the time-varying stress intensity factors and stresses for various parameters of the problem, the effect of periodic cracking on the relaxation of the transient stress on the coating surface is discussed. Solution techniques for a single elastic layer and an elastic coating bonded to an infinite substrate are given. It is found that, if the crack density attains a saturation value, the transient thermal stress in the medium could be released significantly, suggesting that further cracking is difficult.     

光谱带宽对单偏振光纤消光比的影响

消光比是表征单偏振光纤偏振性能好坏的特征参数之一,影响它的因素有很多,如光谱带宽。结合熊猫型单偏振光纤的测量,搭建了双轴光谱带宽测量系统,通过对单偏振光纤的光谱带宽、消光比参数的大量测量和分析,找到了光谱带宽对消光比参数影响的原因。结论是单偏振光纤的工作波长要远离光谱带宽的下限位置,即HE_(11y)模式的截止损耗峰,另外,要求HE_(11y)模式的截止损耗要陡峭,这样才能保证单偏振光纤具有高消光比特性。     

埋光纤光栅传感器智能土木结构应变监测

采取与土木工程施工特点相适应的操作工艺与保护方法，将光纤Bragg光栅传感器埋入钢筋混凝土结构中，分别在实验室和实际工程施工现场对混凝土内部的应变进行了测量。实验中光纤Bragg光栅传感性能良好，能够监测混凝土内部应变状态，显示出成活率高、绝对值测量、寿命长等优势，为建立基于光纤传感器的结构健康监测系统奠定了基础。     

空心金属光纤导引原子和Monte-Carlo模拟

在空心金属光纤,首先计算了TE01模的电磁场分布和光强分布。其次以~(85)Rb原子为例,计算了TE01模和~(85)Rb原子相互作用的光学势。研究表明,TE01模在空心金属光纤中集中分布在空心区,沿光纤截面呈环状分布。最后采用Monte-Carlo方法,分别模拟了原子在直空心金属光纤和弯曲空心金属光纤中的直导引效率和弯曲导引效率,相比直导引方案,弯曲导引方案效率明显偏低。空心金属光纤原子导引不仅可用于原子干涉仪研究,采用环形空心金属光纤的原子导引还可用于角速度测量研究。     

线圈隔热层对光纤陀螺温度误差的影响分析

针对温度变化所引起的光纤陀螺非互易相移误差,详细研究了隔热材料对减小热漂移误差的作用,并详细比较了使用不同厚度隔热层的光纤陀螺在相同变温历程下的热漂移误差大小以及达到热平衡状态所需的时间。仿真结果表明,当隔热层的厚度由0mm变化到4mm的过程中,热漂移误差的峰值由0.12(°)/h降低到了0.08(°)/h,同时达到热平衡的时间从2 520 s增加到了3 600 s。利用该仿真结果,可以在保证热启动时间满足条件的前提下找到一个最优的隔热层厚度,从而使热漂移误差的峰值最小。     

碳纳米管纤维及其传感器力电性能实验研究

基于UTM T150微纳米力学测试系统搭建了纤维力电耦合测试平台,并对碳纳米管纤维进行了多组力电耦合作用下的拉伸性能实验研究。通过观察分析碳纳米管纤维的电阻-应变曲线,发现其电阻变化与应变大小密切相关,随着应变的不断变大,碳纳米管纤维的电阻也在逐渐增加。基于此,设计制作了碳纳米管纤维柔性应变传感器,并将其贴在标准试件上分别进行了弯曲变形测试、单次/循环加载性能测试以及标定实验。结果表明:当对试件进行加载时,碳纳米管纤维柔性应变传感器的电阻会随着载荷的增大而增大;当载荷逐渐消失时,其电阻会逐渐减小直至回归初始电阻值附近。这表明碳纳米管纤维具备优异的电学与力学特性,并且利用它所制作的柔性应变传感器也有着较好的灵敏度与稳定性。     

Thermostressed state of a piezoelectric bodywith a plane crack under symmetric thermal load

The paper addresses a thermoelectroelastic problem for a piezoelectric body with an arbitrarily shaped plane crack in a plane perpendicular to the polarization axis under a symmetric thermal load. A relationship between the intensity factors for stress (SIF) and electric displacement (EDIF) in an infinite piezoceramic body with a crack under a thermal load and the SIF for a purely elastic body with a crack of the same shape under a mechanical load is established. This makes it possible to find the SIF and EDIF for an electroelastic material from the elastic solution without the need to solve specific problems of thermoelasticity. The SIF and EDIF for a piezoceramic body with an elliptic crack and linear distribution of temperature over the crack surface are found as an example __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 96–108, March 2008.     

光纤陀螺热致漂移误差的模糊补偿(英文)

针对光纤陀螺启动过程中的热致漂移误差问题,研究了一种模糊模型补偿方案。依据Shupe非互易性理论和Mohr加热模型试验的结论,以光纤环内侧温度和温度变化率为输入,以陀螺漂移为输出,建立了二输入一输出模糊模型。利用全温范围(-25℃～45℃)内光纤陀螺的恒温静态试验数据,基于自适应神经网络模糊推理系统的自学习功能,辨识出模糊规则库。通过实时施行模糊推理可实现光纤陀螺温度漂移的在线自动补偿。室温验证试验表明,陀螺的零偏稳定性由补偿前的0.037(°)/h提高到0.017(°)/h,陀螺启动时间由补偿前的30 min减少为2 min。     

基于等效输入的光纤陀螺带宽自主测试方法

针对光纤陀螺频带测试角震动台输入频率低的问题,通过在光纤陀螺反馈阶梯波上叠加正弦信号用于等效外部输入角速度,对陀螺解调输出信号按照幅值进行判断得到陀螺带宽。分析了输入等效正弦波幅值满足条件;针对正弦信号在相位调制器上调制产生的相位差随频率变化的缺点对相位差幅值进行补偿;提出了利用直接数字合成技术生成正弦波信号和极值搜索算法检测信号幅值的带宽检测方案,利用陀螺自身硬件基础实现自主检测。通过建立数字闭环光纤陀螺模型,利用Simulink进行了仿真分析。结果表明该检测算法能实现陀螺频带宽度的全频率范围测量,不受外部输入信号测试频率限制,能够用于光纤陀螺带宽测试。     

热、机械载荷作用下夹杂对应力强度因子的影响

推导了远场应力、热应力耦合作用下含夹杂裂纹体的应力强度因子求解公式,改进了体积力法中的裂纹面合力平衡条件,将应力强度因子的求解归结为解一组积分方程,再将积分方程转化为线性方程组进行数值求解。算例分析结果表明方法正确、有效。将该算法应用于含Al2O3夹杂的FGH95材料应力强度因子分析中,计算结果表明热应力对应力强度因子影响很小。     

玻璃纤维增强型复合材料圆筒高温高压动态冲击断口形貌分析

为了探究埋头弹火炮所用的玻璃纤维增强型(GFR)复合材料药筒在高温高压瞬态冲击条件下的结构强度,分别开展了圆筒静态整体拉伸和动态高温高压冲击实验,从拉伸/瞬态超高压破坏试样断口部分截取断口样品,在扫描电子显微镜下观察断口形貌,得到GFR复合材料在两种不同受力情况下的失效模式。结果表明：室温整体单轴拉伸断裂时,GFR复合材料的断面与轴线夹角接近45°, 失效模式为环氧树脂基体破坏和纤维拔出;在高压瞬态冲击作用下,试样主要失效模式为纤维的脆性断裂,同时由于火药燃烧产生的高温燃气使部分环氧树脂基体碳化,纤维与基体界面结合力降低,少数纤维熔融或软化附着在断口上,部分软化的纤维因瞬态超高压被拉细。

     

Coupled thermal/mechanical analysis for the fracture of functionally graded materials under transient thermal loading

A comprehensive treatment of fracture of functionally graded materials (FGMs) is provided. It is assumed that the material properties depend only on the coordinate perpendicular to the crack surfaces and vary continuously along the crack faces. By using a laminated composite plate model to simulate the material non-homogeneity, an algorithm for solving the system based on Laplace transform and Fourier transform techniques is presented. Unlike earlier studies that considered certain assumed property distributions and a single crack problem, the current investigation studies multiple crack problem in the FGMs with arbitrarily varying material properties. Transient thermal stresses are presented. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos 10102004 and 19902003).     

Piezothermoelastic analysis of a piezoelectric material with an elliptic cavity under uniform heat flow

Summary The problem of a two-dimensional piezoelectric material with an elliptic cavity under a uniform heat flow is discussed, based on the modified Stroh formalism for the piezothermoelastic problem. The exact electric boundary conditions at the rim of the hole are introduced in the analysis. Expressions for the elastic and electric variables induced within and outside the cavity are derived in closed form. Hoop stress around the hole and electric fields in the hole are obtained. The limit situation when the hole is reduced to a slit crack is discussed, and the intensity factors for the problem are obtained. Received 14 April 1998; accepted for publication 25 June 1998     

Stress analysis of notched anisotropic finite plates under mechanical and hygrothermal loads

Summary Notch-induced stress concentrations in anisotropic composite materials depend on their directional material properties, especially for uniaxially reinforced composites with high-modulus fibres. The design of notched high-performance composites requires therefore a special proof of their notched strength, which includes the structural parameters of the fibre/matrix combination, fibre orientation and layer arrangement. The assessment of the effects of the finite outer boundary is of practical importance when dimensioning critical notched regions. An anisotropic plate with finite dimensions and a hole in its center will be used here to model stress concentrations. The calculation is based on conformal mappings combined with complex-valued stress functions. The outer boundary is described using point-matching and the least-squares method. The solutions are conducive to the assessment of the essential influencing factors of material properties, geometry and loads. Notched finite plates made of fibre/matrix composites, mainly carbon-fibre reinforced polymers, will be presented as illustrations. Received 29 June 1998; accepted for publication 22 October 1998     

硫酸镁侵蚀环境下玄武岩纤维混凝土耐腐蚀及力学性能劣化研究

为了增强混凝土的抗侵蚀性能,对不同纤维掺量混凝土在硫酸镁侵蚀下的耐久性及力学性能进行了试验研究及分析。采用100mm×100mm×100mm的试块,纤维掺量分别为0%、0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%,浸泡于浓度为5.0%的硫酸镁溶液中,每30d观测表观裂缝、测试吸水率变化;每90d测定力学性能变化,并进行离子浓度测量。结果表明:玄武岩纤维对混凝土承载力及变形能力有一定的提高;玄武岩纤维混凝土与普通混凝土在硫酸镁溶液环境中相比,孔隙率增加速度较慢;但过量纤维反而对耐久性能产生不利影响;玄武岩掺量在0.1%左右时最为经济、合理。另外,针对玄武岩纤维离散困难的问题,提出了粉体颗粒玄武岩纤维离散法。本文研究可为玄武岩纤维混凝土的工程应用提供一定基础。     

An experimental study of thermal stress in porous materials by methods of holography and photoelasticity

In heat-loaded structures of energy equipment at the moment of crisis of heat exchange in working elements, the ultimate state of the material occurs. Thermal stresses were studied experimentally in a bulk porous material with a groove on the surface with a view to finding out the distribution of deformations and thermal stresses due to the location of the heat source. It appeared efficient to apply optical methods. Using holographic interferometry, a pattern of distribution of thermal deformations over the surface of the specimens was obtained. Using the photoelastic method to investigate a grooved porous structure, a physical pattern of the distribution of thermal stresses inside the block and in the groove was obtained. Ways are outlined for designing and reducing the probability of occurrence of destructive cracks. A similarity is observed in the distribution of strains and stresses that indicates the interrelatedness of surface and internal processes. The application of optical methods made it possible to discover a physical pattern of destruction. The results are expected to be used in the future to investigate other porous materials.