甘油糖脂的合成工.1,2-二-O-脂酰基-3-O-(α-D-吡喃半乳糖基)-sn-甘油的合成

采用一种有效的方法合成了具有不同链长的二脂酰基α-D-半乳糖型甘油糖脂.将半乳糖烯丙苷化,重结晶得到α-D-半乳糖烯丙苷.随后将糖环的羟基用苄基保护,再利用OsO4/NMO(N-甲基-N-氧吗啉)的二羟基化条件将1-O烯丙基氧化成为邻二羟基,得到3-O-(2＇,3＇,4＇,6＇-四-O-苄基-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基)-sn-甘油.其与不同链长的脂酰氯进行脂酰化反应,然后氢解去掉苄基得到五种二脂酰基α-D-半乳糖苷基甘油.利用1H NMR,13C NMR,2D NMR,IR和MS对化合物的结构进行了确证.     

甘油糖脂的合成 Ⅰ.1,2-二-O-脂酰基-3-O-(α-D-吡喃半乳糖基)-sn-甘油的合成

采用一种有效的方法合成了具有不同链长的二脂酰基α D 半乳糖型甘油糖脂 .将半乳糖烯丙苷化 ,重结晶得到α D 半乳糖烯丙苷 .随后将糖环的羟基用苄基保护 ,再利用OsO4 /NMO(N 甲基 N 氧吗啉 )的二羟基化条件将 1 O烯丙基氧化成为邻二羟基 ,得到 3 O ( 2′ ,3′ ,4′ ,6′ 四 O 苄基 α D 吡喃半乳糖基 ) sn 甘油 .其与不同链长的脂酰氯进行脂酰化反应 ,然后氢解去掉苄基得到五种二脂酰基α D 半乳糖苷基甘油 .利用1HNMR ,13 CNMR ,2DNMR ,IR和MS对化合物的结构进行了确证 .     

甘油碳酸酯合成方法概述

甘油碳酸酯（glycerol carbonate、4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one）,又称为碳酸甘油酯、4-羟甲基-2-羰基-1,3-二氧戊环,主要用作反应中间体和溶剂,或与异氰酸盐、丙烯酸酯类产品反应生产聚合物用于涂料、胶黏剂和润滑剂等领域.尤其值得指出的是,甘油碳酸酯还是一种新型的多功能合成分子,由于分子内同时含有羟基和羰基官能团,     

11-脱氧甘草次酸乙酯3-单糖链皂苷的合成及其活性研究

合成了5种11-脱氧甘草次酸3-单糖链皂苷并初步探讨其生物活性.以苯甲酰基保护的糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯为供体,在三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅脂(TMSOTf)的催化作用下与11-脱氧甘草次酸乙酯C(3)位羟基发生糖苷化反应,以较好的产率制备得苯甲酰基保护的11-脱氧甘草次酸乙酯3-单糖链皂苷7a～7e,用NaOMe/MeOH溶液脱除苯甲酰基得11-脱氧甘草次酸乙酯3-单糖链皂苷8a～8e.合成的5个11-脱氧甘草次酸3-单糖链皂苷均为新化合物,结构经1H NMR、质谱、元素分析确证,活性实验表明化合物8a对高浓度N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中枯草芽孢杆菌的生长具有保护作用,化合物8e对高浓度DMF中大肠杆菌、酵母菌的生长具有保护作用.     

缩水甘油苯基醚-缩水甘油正丁基醚共聚物磺酸钠的合成及表面活性

缩水甘油苯基醚-缩水甘油正丁基醚共聚物磺酸钠的合成及表面活性;缩水甘油苯基醚-缩水甘油正丁基醚共聚物磺酸钠; 合成; 表面性质; 胶束     

一种含N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖三糖熊果酸皂苷的合成

本文采用汇聚式糖苷化策略以48.0%的总产率合成了一种含N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖三糖熊果酸皂苷ursolic acid 3-yl -L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L- arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside 1，其结构通过¹H NMR，¹³CNMR，二维核磁谱和质谱得到了确证。     

硼酸保护羟基法合成甘油单月桂酸酯

研究了以甘油、月桂酸为原料,用硼酸保护羟基进行酯化反应合成甘油单月桂酸酯的新方法。最佳合成条件是：ｍｏｌ甘油：ｍｏｌ硼酸：ｍｏｌ月桂酸＝２：１：２,对甲苯磺酸（催化剂）用量为月桂酸用量的１．２０％（ｗｔ％）,在２３０℃反应１ｈ,产品收率为９１．２％,单酯含量为９４．８％,产品经ＩＲ分析。     

灯盏花甲素、乙素等天然黄酮-7-O-糖苷的合成

灯盏花甲素(apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, 1)和乙素(scutellarin, scutellarein-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, 2)是灯盏花素(breviscapine)中的两种主要黄酮苷成分, 具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤和治疗老年痴呆等生理活性; 大波斯菊苷(apigetrin, 3)、车前子苷(plantaginin, 4)、apigenin 7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (5)、apigenin 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (6)等黄酮-7-O-糖苷也具有相似的结构和生理活性. 本工作针对黄酮苷元(芹菜素7和野黄芩素8)溶解度差、7位羟基酸性强而亲核性较弱以及糖醛酸糖基化给体反应活性较弱的问题, 综合利用使苷元有效增溶的保护基策略、金(I)催化的糖苷化方法和后期糖醛酸氧化策略, 高效构建了黄酮-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸结构, 并经统一的保护基脱除完成了灯盏花甲素(1) (36%)和乙素(2) (7%)的合成. 采用相似的策略, 从苷元出发分别以4~7步完成了天然黄酮-7-O-糖苷3~6的合成.     

(+)-甘油醇缩丙酮合成工艺的研究

研究了以无水氯化锌为催化剂,D-甘露醇与丙酮缩合反应合成二异亚丙基缩合物的最适宜反应条件,产率可达65%。并通过NaIO4氧化断链,NaBH4还原得到(+)-甘油醇缩丙酮。分析了每步反应产物各组分的情况,发现副产物对目标产物的合成并无影响。     

Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐3‐Deoxy‐D‐manno‐oct‐2‐ulosonic Acid (α‐Kdo) Glycosides Using 5,7‐O‐Di‐tert‐butylsilylene‐Protected Kdo Ethyl Thioglycoside Donors

An efficient methodology for the synthesis of α‐Kdo glycosidic bonds has been developed with 5,7‐O‐di‐tert‐butylsilylene (DTBS) protected Kdo ethyl thioglycosides as glycosyl donors. The approach permits a wide scope of acceptors to be used, thus affording biologically significant Kdo glycosides in good to excellent chemical yields with complete α‐selectivity. The synthetic utility of an orthogonally protected Kdo donor has been demonstrated by concise preparation of two α‐Kdo‐containing oligosaccharides.     

Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus Galactosaminogalactans Featuring α‐Galactose, α‐Galactosamine and α‐N‐Acetyl Galactosamine Linkages

Galactosaminogalactan (GAG) is a prominent cell wall component of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. GAG is a heteropolysaccharide composed of α‐1,4‐linked galactose, galactosamine and N‐acetylgalactosamine residues. To enable biochemical studies, a library of GAG‐fragments was constructed featuring specimens containing α‐galactose‐, α‐galactosamine and α‐N‐acetyl galactosamine linkages. Key features of the synthetic strategy include the use of di‐tert‐butylsilylidene directed α‐galactosylation methodology and regioselective benzoylation reactions using benzoyl‐hydroxybenzotriazole (Bz‐OBt). Structural analysis of the Gal, GalN and GalNAc oligomers by a combination of NMR and MD approaches revealed that the oligomers adopt an elongated, almost straight, structure, stabilized by inter‐residue H‐bonds, one of which is a non‐conventional C?H???O hydrogen bond between H5 of the residue (i+1) and O3 of the residue (i). The structures position the C‐2 substituents almost perpendicular to the oligosaccharide main chain axis, pointing to the bulk solvent and available for interactions with antibodies or other binding partners.     

Synthesis of β-（ 1→6）-Branched （ 1→3）-Glucononaoside with Alter-nate β- and α-Bonds in the Backbone

Lauryl glycoside of β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-[β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-]α-D-Glcp-(1→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-[β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-]α-D-Glcp-(1→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-[β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-]β-D-Glcp was synthesized through 3 3 3 strategy. 3-O-Allyl-2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)- -[2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-] 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose was used as the key intermediate which was converted to the corresponding trisaccharide donor and acceptor readily.     

Regio/Stereoselective Glycosylation of Diol and Polyol Acceptors in Efficient Synthesis of Neu5Ac‐α‐2,3‐LacNPhth Trisaccharide

A concise approach to a Neu5Ac‐α‐2,3‐LacNPhth trisaccharide derivative was developed. First, the regio/stereoselective glycosylation between glycoside donors and glucoNPhth diol acceptors was investigated. It was found that the regioselectivity depends not only on the steric hindrance of the C2‐NPhth group and the C6‐OH protecting group of the glucosamine acceptors, but also on the leaving group and protecting group of the glycoside donors. Under optimized conditions, LacNPhth derivatives were synthesized in up to 92 % yield through a regio/stereoselective glycosylation between peracetylated‐α‐galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate and p‐methoxyphenyl 6‐O‐tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl‐2‐deoxy‐2‐phthalimido‐β‐d ‐glucopyranoside, avoiding the formation of glycosylated orthoesters and anomeric aglycon transfer. Then, the LacNPhth derivative was deacylated and then protected on the primary position by TBDPS to form a LacNPhth polyol acceptor. Finally, the Neu5Ac‐α‐2,3‐LacNPhth derivative was synthesized in 48 % yield through the regio/stereoselective glycosylation between the LacNPhth polyol acceptor and a sialyl phosphite donor. Starting from d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride, the target Neu5Ac‐α‐2,3‐LacNPhth derivative was synthesized in a total yield of 18.5 % over only 10 steps.     

Automated Solid‐Phase Synthesis of a β‐(1,3)‐Glucan Dodecasaccharide

β‐Glucans are a group of structurally heterogeneous polysaccharides found in bacteria, fungi, algae and plants. β‐(1,3)‐D ‐Glucans have been studied in most detail due to their impact on the immune system of vertebrates. The studies into the immunomodulatory properties of these glucans are typically carried out with isolates that contain a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharides of different chain lengths and varying degrees of branching. In order to determine the structure–activity relationship of β‐(1,3)‐glucans, access to homogeneous, structurally‐defined samples of these oligosaccharides that are only available through chemical synthesis is required. The syntheses of β‐glucans reported to date rely on the classical solution‐phase approach. We describe the first automated solid‐phase synthesis of a β‐glucan oligosaccharide that was made possible by innovating and optimizing the linker and glycosylating agent combination. A β‐(1,3)‐glucan dodecasaccharide was assembled in 56 h in a stereoselective fashion with an average yield of 88 % per step. This automated approach provides means for the fast and efficient assembly of linker‐functionalized mono‐ to dodecasaccharide β‐(1,3)‐glucans required for biological studies.     

Divergent Synthesis of 3‐Deoxy‐d‐manno‐oct‐2‐ulosonic Acid (Kdo) Glycosides Containing α‐(2→4)‐Linked Kdo‐Kdo Unit

A convenient and divergent approach was developed to prepare diverse bacterial 3‐deoxy‐d ‐manno‐oct‐2‐ulosonic acid (Kdo) oligosaccharides containing a Kdo‐α‐(2→4)‐Kdo fragment. The orthogonal protected α‐(2→4) linked Kdo‐Kdo disaccharide 3 , serving as a common precursor, was divergently transformed into the corresponding 8‐, 8′‐, and 4′‐hydroxy disaccharides 5 , 7 , and 14 , respectively. Then, these alcohols were glycosylated, respectively, with the 5,7‐O‐di‐tert‐butylsilylene (DTBS) protected Kdo thioglycoside donors 1 or 2 in an α‐stereoselective and high‐yielding manner to afford a range of Kdo oligosaccharides. Finally, removal of all protecting groups of the newly formed glycosides resulted in the desired free Kdo oligomer.     

A Study on the Diastereoselective Synthesis of α‐Fluorinated β3‐Amino Acids by α‐Fluorination

The treatment of a β³‐amino acid methyl ester with 2.2 equiv. of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), followed by reaction with 5 equiv. of N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) at ?78° for 2.5 h and then 2 h at 0°, gives syn‐fluorination with high diastereoisomeric excess (de). The de and yield in these reactions are somewhat influenced by both the size of the amino acid side chain and the nature of the amine protecting group. In particular, fluorination of N‐Boc‐protected β³‐homophenylalanine, β³‐homoleucine, β³‐homovaline, and β³‐homoalanine methyl esters, 5 and 9 – 11 , respectively, all proceeded with high de (>86% of the syn‐isomer). However, fluorination of N‐Boc‐protected β³‐homophenylglycine methyl ester ( 16 ) occurred with a significantly reduced de. The use of a Cbz or Bz amine‐protecting group (see 3 and 15 ) did not improve the de of fluorination. However, an N‐Ac protecting group (see 17 ) gave a reduced de of 26%. Thus, a large N‐protecting group should be employed in order to maximize selectivity for the syn‐isomer in these fluorination reactions.     

Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Tocopherol

α‐Tocopherol was synthesized from a chiral intermediate α‐hydroxy ester by means of two ring‐closing methods to yield the chromanol in 94 % diastereomeric excess.     

α‐ and β‐Glycosyl Sulfonium Ions: Generation and Reactivity

Low‐temperature electrochemical oxidation of thioglycosides gave glycosyl triflates from which glycosyl sulfonium ions were produced (see scheme). The latter were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and cold‐spray mass spectrometry as a mixture of α‐ and β‐isomers (45:55). The α‐glycosyl sulfonium ion exhibited higher reactivity than the β‐glycosyl sulfonium ion in the reaction with methanol, which gave a mixture of α‐ and β‐methyl glycosides (41:59).