掺杂纳米TiO2：乙醇溶胶脉冲激光法连续制备及荧光特性

采用聚焦脉冲激光轰击(PLA)浸于流动乙醇中不同金属氧化物掺杂的二氧化钛固体靶，连续制备得到一系列经MoO₃、Eu₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、WO₃等掺杂的新型纳米TiO₂乙醇溶胶。UV-Vis、荧光光谱和XRD结果表明：在所研究的掺杂纳米TiO₂乙醇溶胶中，MoO₃掺杂使纳米TiO₂乙醇溶胶荧光增强最大，当MoO₃掺杂量(ψ)在0.02%～0.50%时，其掺杂的纳米TiO₂乙醇溶胶荧光强度增强，掺杂量为0.05%时荧光强度高达1.3×10⁴(a.u.)；此外发现与sol-gel掺杂法相比，预研磨混合掺杂能更明显增强纳米TiO₂乙醇溶胶荧光。     

低温陈化法制备SO42-/ZrO2-Sm2O3固体超强酸及表征

本研究以氨水、氧氯化锆和三氯化钐为原料，用共沉淀法制得锆和钐的氢氧化物，经低温陈化、过滤、烘干和高温焙烧，制备出SO₄^2-/ZrO₂-Sm₂O₃固体超强酸(以下简称SZS)。用流动指示剂法测定其酸度，用IR、XRD对其进行了表征，并将其用于催化氯乙酸和乙醇的酯化反应。结果表明，低温陈化样品的突出优点是酸强度大(H₀< -14.5);与SO₄^2-结合得牢;在较宽的温度范围内，具有催化活性的亚稳态的ZrO₂四方晶相没有发生相转变，这是其催化活性较高的微观原因。     

Cu/SO42-/La2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂的制备及其对C3H6选择还原NO的催化性能

以Al₂O₃为基质，添加ZrO₂和La₂O₃，制成La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体，然后采用SO₄^2-进行改性，再负载上Cu²⁺，制备了铜基SO₄^2-改性的复合载体催化剂(Cu/SO₄^2-/La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃)。考察了它在富氧条件下对丙烯选择还原NO的催化性能，并借助XRD、SEM、TG、Py-IR、NH₃-TPD、FTIR和TPR等方法研究了Cu/SO₄^2-/La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃的结构和性能的关系。结果表明，ZrO₂的加入主要有利于提高催化剂的低温活性；La₂O₃的加入则主要有利于提高催化剂的热稳定性和还原性能；SO₄^2-能够与Zr形成螯合双配位结构，大幅度促使催化剂表面酸量增加并且酸性增强；因此，有效地提高了Cu/SO₄^2-/La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃在富氧条件下对丙烯选择还原NO的催化活性和水热稳定性。在无水条件下，Cu/SO₄^2-/La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃能使NO的最大转化率高达84.3%，即使在275 ℃ 10%水蒸气存在的情况下，仍能使NO的转化率高达81.2%。     

在CeO2-ZrO2中加入La2O3对改善单Pd三效催化剂性能的作用

浸渍法制备了CeO₂-ZrO₂-La₂O₃复合氧化物，用XRD、热分析（TG-DTA，DSC）、BET表面积、H₂-TPR等对合成样品进行表征，研究了La₂O₃的加入对CeO₂-ZrO₂和单钯Pd/CeO₂-ZrO₂/γ-Al₂O₃/蜂窝陶瓷催化剂性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明，在CeO₂-ZrO₂-La₂O₃中，La的存在能促进CeO₂-ZrO₂固溶体的还原，提高贮氧能力；在Pd/CeO₂-ZrO₂/γ-Al₂O₃中加入La有利于提高催化剂的耐热稳定性，阻止γ-Al₂O₃在高温下的晶相转变，进一步稳定Al₂O₃的结构，保持其高的表面积。在贵金属Pd的负载量为1 g·L^-1的条件下，测定了Pd/CeO₂-ZrO₂-La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃/蜂窝陶瓷催化剂对CO、C₃H₈和NOx的三效催化净化活性。结果表明，在Pd/CeO₂-ZrO₂/Al₂O₃/蜂窝陶瓷催化剂中加入La₂O₃后，能明显地改善催化剂的低温活性和三效催化性能，经1 000 ℃老化10 h后，CO、C₃H₈和NO_x净化的起燃温度（T₅₀）分别为330 ℃、350 ℃和380 ℃。     

1R，3S-1，2，2-三甲基-1，3-环戊二胺为配体的铂(Ⅱ) 配合物的合成、表征和抗肿瘤活性

本文合成了9种含有由天然D(+)-樟脑衍生的1R，3S-1，2，2-三甲基-1，3-环戊二胺(A)为配体的铂(Ⅱ)配合物[Pt(Ⅱ)AX]{其中，X=(CH₂)₃C(COO^-)₂(1，1-环丁烷二羧酸根)，2CH₃OCH₂COO^-，2CH₃CH₂OCH₂COO^-，2CH₃(CH₂)₃OCH₂COO^-，[OCH(CH₃)COO]^2-(乳酸根)，(OCH₂COO)^2-(乙醇酸根)，2CH₃OCH₂CH₂OCH₂COO^-，2CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂COO^-和2CH₃(CH₂)₃OCH₂CH₂OCH₂COO^-}。通过元素分析、热重分析、红外光谱、¹H核磁共振谱和电喷雾质谱等对配合物进行了表征。体外生物活性测试表明，部分配合物对A549人肺癌细胞和HCT-116人结肠癌细胞具有较强的抗肿瘤活性。     

2，3-吡嗪二甲酸钴(Ⅱ)配合物的合成与结构

在不同的反应介质条件中，用2，3-吡嗪二甲酸(C₄N₂H₂(COOH)₂，简称Pzdc)与Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O或Co(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O反应，得到了三个新的不同组成的2，3-吡嗪二甲酸钴(Ⅱ)配合物，并进行了表征。通过X射线晶体结构分析，获得了Co(Pz(COO)COOH)₂·2H₂O的晶体学数据，表明Co(Ⅱ)处于由Pzdc中的2个N、2个O及2个配位水中的2个O组成的八面体结构中。同时，我们对CoPz(COO)₂·4H₂O和CoPz(COO)COOH(ClO₄)·4H₂O进行了变温磁化率测试，结果表明这两个化合物都存在弱的反铁磁相互作用。     

SrAl2O4：Eu2+，Dy3+的助熔剂法制备及其发光特性

以B₂O₃为助熔剂，在1 350 ℃、还原性气氛下成功制备了SrAl₂O₄单相粉末样品。用同样的方法制备了系列单相Sr_1-x-yAl₂O₄：Eu²⁺_x，Dy³⁺_y·nB₂O₃(0.005≤x≤0.07， 0.01≤y≤0.05，0.05≤n≤0.25)样品并表征了其长余辉发光特性。结果表明，最佳的Eu²⁺含量为0.02。辅助激活离子Dy³⁺在Sr_0.98Al₂O₄：Eu²⁺_0.02中的掺杂在一定范围内可以显著提高亮度和余辉时间，最佳Dy³⁺含量为0.03。研究不同B₂O₃含量对Sr_0.95Al₂O₄：Eu²⁺_0.02，Dy³⁺_0.03发光性能的影响，结果说明最佳的B₂O₃含量为n=0.1，余辉肉眼可见(≥0.32 mcd·m^-2)时间达4 000 min。利用正电子湮灭技术和热释光技术，研究和讨论了B₂O₃对Sr_0.95Al₂O₄：Eu²⁺_0.02，Dy³⁺_0.03的发光和余辉性能的影响，结果表明B₂O₃的添加有助于Dy³⁺在晶格中形成深度合适、有益于余辉的空位缺陷。     

二烃基锡萘氧乙酸酯的合成、表征和{[(n-C4H9)2Sn(OOCCH2OC10H7)]2O}2的晶体结构

利用二烃基氧化锡和α-萘氧乙酸按1∶1反应，合成了8种新的有机锡化合物,{[(n-C₄H₉)₂Sn(OOCCH₂OC₁₀H₇)]₂O}₂(R= ⁿBu 1，2-ClC₆H₄CH₂ 2，3-ClC₆H₄CH₂ 3，4-ClC₆H₄CH₂ 4，2-FC₆H₄CH₂ 5，3-FC₆H₄CH₂ 6, 4-FC₆H₄CH₂ 7, 4-NCC₆H₄CH₂ 8)。用元素分析、IR、 ¹H NMR对其结构进行了表征,并测定了化合物{[(n-C₄H₉)₂Sn(OOCCH₂OC₁₀H₇)]₂O}₂ (1)的晶体结构。该化合物晶体属三斜晶系,空间群P1,a=11.974(7) nm，b=1.360 5(9) nm，c=1.386 5(9) nm，α=103.940(9)°，β=104.876(8)°，γ=99.807(9)°，Z=1，V=2.053(2) nm³，D_c=1.431 Mg·m^-3，μ=1.261 mm^-1，F(000)=900，S=1.004，R₁=0.061 0，wR₂=0.151 9。结果表明，化合物1是以Sn₂O₂为中心的中心对称二聚体结构，内环锡和外环锡原子均为五配位的畸变三角双锥构型。     

Li+，Na+//SO42-，B4O72--H2O交互四元体系288 K介稳相平衡研究

采用等温蒸发法研究了四元体系Li⁺，Na⁺//SO₄^2-，B₄O₇^2--H₂O 288 K介稳相平衡及平衡液相物化性质(密度、电导率、折光率、粘度和pH值)，测定了该四元体系288 K条件下介稳平衡溶液溶解度及物化性质。根据实验数据绘制了相应的介稳相图及物化性质组成图。研究发现：该体系介稳平衡中有复盐Li₂SO₄·Na₂SO₄形成。其介稳相图中有3个共饱和点，7条单变量曲线，平衡固相为：Li₂SO₄·H₂O，Na₂SO₄，Li₂SO₄·Na₂SO₄，Li₂B₄O₇·3H₂O，Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O。复盐Li₂SO₄·Na₂SO₄和一水硫酸锂(Li₂SO₄·H₂O)有较小的结晶区，而Li₂B₄O₇·3H₂O和Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O有较大的结晶区；该四元体系介稳平衡条件下未发现Na₂SO₄·10H₂O的结晶区。     

K2CO3含量对Ni-Cu-Mn-K/Al2O3水煤气变换催化剂结构和性能的影响

以γ-Al₂O₃为载体，采用等体积浸渍法，制备了不同K₂CO₃含量的Ni-Cu-Mn-K/Al₂O₃水煤气变换催化剂，采用低温N₂吸附、XRD、TPD和TPR，考察了K₂CO₃含量对催化剂结构和性能的影响。结果表明:K₂CO₃的加入使催化剂的还原温度有所提高，适量的K₂CO₃能增加活性组分的电子密度，从而增强其给电子活化CO的能力，提高催化剂的活性。但过量的K₂CO₃使得催化剂比表面积和孔容降低，且导致催化剂对CO吸附过强，催化活性降低。当Ni-Cu-Mn-K/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂中K₂CO₃的添加量为7.5%时，且催化剂经530 ℃耐热15 h后，在350 ℃时水煤气变换反应中CO转化率达62.29%。     

Preparation,thermal decomposition,and crystal structure of Zn(II) 2-chlorobenzoate complex with nicotinamide

A new Zn(II) 2-chlorobenzoate complex, [Zn(2-ClC₆H₄COO)₂(nad)₂] (nad = nicotinamide), was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and X-ray structure determination. The mechanism of thermal decomposition of the complex was studied by TG/DTG, DTA, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The thermal decomposition is characterized as a two-step process. Zinc oxide was found as the final product of the thermal decomposition performed up to 900°C. Mass spectrometry was used to determine the volatiles released during thermal decomposition. The IR spectrum indicates that carboxylate is coordinated to zinc in monodentate coordination. [Zn(2-ClC₆H₄COO)₂(nad)₂] crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group Pn, a = 10.376(2) Å, b = 10.100(1) Å, c = 12.604(1) Å, β = 100.79(1)°. The zinc is tetrahedrally coordinated by two nitrogens of nicotinamide and two oxygens of 2-chlorobenzoate.     

Thermal decomposition of basic copper sulphate monohydrate

The thermal decomposition of copper sulphate hydroxide hydrate, (CuO·CuSO₄). 2Cu(OH)₂·H₂O, to copper oxysulphate and CuO was investigated by X-ray phase analysis, IR spectroscopy, complex thermal analysis and electron microscopy. The effect of water vapour and time of treatment on the formation of decomposition products with a large surface area is studied. The strong decrease in specific surface area of the precipitate (from 80 m²/g to 20 m²/g) thermally treated at a temperature above 250°C is associated with the elimination of water having a coordination bond with the Cu²⁺ ion. During this process, the interplanar distances of the crystal lattice of copper sulphate hydroxide hydrate decrease. The time of decomposition of this compound essentially affects the decrease of the specific surface area. When the decomposition proceeds in an atmosphere containing water vapour sintering processes are predominating and the phase obtained has a considerably smaller specific surface area than in cases of decomposition under dry air.     

Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of dinitramide

The kinetic regularities of the heat release during the thermal decomposition of liquid NH₄N(NO₂)₂ at 102.4–138.9 °C were studied. Kinetic data for decomposition of different forms of dinitramide and the influence of water on the rate of decomposition of NH₄N(NO₂)₂ show that the contributions of the decomposition of N(NO₂)₂ ⁻ and HN(NO₂)₂ to the initial decomposition rate of the reaction at temperatures about 100 °C are approximately equal. The decomposition has an autocatalytic character. The analysis of the effect of additives of HNO₃ solutions and the dependence of the autocatalytic reaction rate constant on the gas volume in the system shows that the self-acceleration is due to an increase in the acidity of the NH₄N(NO₂)₂ melt owing to the accumulation of HNO₃ and the corresponding increase in the contribution of the HN(NO₂)₂ decomposition to the overall rate. The self-acceleration ceases due to the accumulation of NO₃ ⁻ ions decreasing the equilibrium concentration of HN(NO₂)₂ in the melt. For Part 2, see Ref. 1. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 395–401 March 1998.     

Determination of mechanism of thermal decomposition of Mg,Ca and Zn hydrazidocarbonates by evolved gas analysis

Hydrazo-carbonates are complex compounds and products of the reactions between solutions of metal ion and solutions of hydrazido-carbonic acid. The decomposition of Mg(N₂H₃COO)₂. 2H₂O, Ca(N₂H₃COO)₂·H₂O and Zn(N₂H₃COO)₂ in inert atmosphere were studied. By classical thermoanalytical methods and data on the composition of the intermediates and final products the mechanisms of the thermal decomposition could not be resolved therefore also evolved gas analysis was used (EGA). The first step of thermal decomposition of Ca and Mg hydrazidocarbonates is dehydration. With the heating the decomposition of the hydrazido-carbonates proceeds under evolution of the ammonia, carbon monoxide and/or nitrogen and carbon dioxide giving as the intermediates for calcium and magnesium compounds the corresponding carbonates oxides as the final products. The zinc compound decomposes to the oxide, ZnO but also zinc cyanamide was detected during to the thermal treatment.     

DFT Calculations of the Elimination Kinetics of Silacyclobutanes and its Methyl Derivatives in the Gas-Phase

Abstract

The gas-phase thermal decomposition kinetics of silacyclobutane (1), 1-methyl- silacyclobutane (2), and 1,1-dimethyl-1-silacyclobutane (3) has been theoretically studied at the B3LYP/6-311G**, B3PW91/6-311G**, and MPW1PW91/6-311G** levels. The B3LYP/6-311G** method was found to give a reasonable good agreement with the experimental kinetics and thermodynamic parameters. The decomposition reaction of compounds 1–3 yields ethylene and the corresponding silene. Based on the optimized ground state geometries using B3LYP/6-311G** method, the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of donor-acceptor (bonding–antibonding) interactions revealed that the perturbation energies (E₂) associated with the electronic delocalization from σ_Si1–C2 to σ*_C4–Si1 orbitals increase from compounds 1 to 3. The σ_Si1–C2→σ*_C4–Si1 resonance energies for compounds 1–3 are 1.17, 1.26, and 1.43 kcal/mol, respectively. Also, the decomposition process in these compounds is controlled by σ→σ* resonance energies. Moreover, the obtained order of energy barriers could be explained by the number of electron-releasing methyl groups substituted to the Si_sp2 atom. NBO analysis shows that the occupancies of σ_Si1–C2 bonds decrease for compounds 1–3 as 3 < 2 < 1, and the occupancies of σ*_Si1–C2 bonds increase in the opposite order (3 > 2 > 1). Moreover, these results can fairly explain the decrease of the energy barriers (ΔE_o) of the decomposition reaction of compounds 1 to 3. The calculated data demonstrate that in the decomposition process of the studied compounds, the polarization of the C₃–C₄ bond is the rate determining factor. Analysis of bond orders, NBO charges, bond indexes, synchronicity parameters, and IRC calculations indicate that these reactions are occurring through a concerted and asynchronous four-membered cyclic transition state type of mechanism.     

Thermal decomposition of ammonium fluoroferrates (NH4)xFeF2x (2≤x≤3)

Different ammonium fluoroferrates (NH₄)_xFeF_2x (2≤x≤3) have been investigated. The thermal decomposition of the compounds obtained can be interpreted by their identical crystal structures (cryolite type). The decomposition products of all ammonium fluoroferrates formed in initial stage are isostructural of NH₄FeF₄. The decomposition is accompanied by the partial reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) by ammonium isolated. The end product of the thermal decomposition is FeF₂ and FeF₃ mixture.     

Kinetic of decomposition of some complexes under non-isothermal conditions

Kinetics of thermal decomposition of three structurally similar complexes Co₂Cu(C₂O₄)₃ (R-diam)₂, where R is ethyl, 1,2-propyl or 1,3-propyl, was studied under non-isothermal conditions and nitrogen dynamic atmosphere at heating rates of 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15 K min⁻¹. For data processing the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and a modified non-parametric kinetic methods were used. By both methods the activation energy are in the range of 97–102 kJ mol⁻¹. The formal kinetic is r=kα(1−α)². Also a compensation effect between lnA and E was evidenced. The kinetic analysis lead to the conclusion of an identic decomposition mechanism by a single step process.     

Thermal decomposition of transition metal carboxylates

Thermal decomposition of anhydrous Cu(HCOO)₂ (1) affords H₂, CO, CO₂, H₂O, HCuOOH, CuHCOO, Cu, and the polymeric product, which contains -CH₂O,-C(O)OH-, and -RCH-0- groups. Dccomposition of1 proceeds in stages with formation of copper(I) formate as an intermediate. Possible pathways of decomposition ofI, including isomeric forms of the HCO₂ radical as intermediates, were analyzed.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1406–1412, June, 1996.     

Thermal Behavior and Decomposition Kinetics of the Complexes of CuX2 （X=NO3, Br, CI and CIO4） with 3,3＇-Dimethyl-1 -（1 H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl）-2-butanone

The thermal behaviors of the complexes of Cu(DMTZB)4X2 (DMTZB=3,3‘-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone, X=NO3 or ClO4) and Cu(DMTZB)2 X2 (X=Br or Cl) in a nitrogen atmosphere were studied under the non-isothermal conditions by simultaneous TG-DTG-DSC, EDS and elemental analysis techniques. The resuits showed that their decomposition proceeded in three different ways mainly depending on the anions in the molecules. The heat effect associated with the decomposition step of DMTZB molecules was also different. The decomposition mechanisms and the kinetic parameters of DMTZB were determined and calculated by jointly using four methods, which showed that its pyrolysis was controlled by D3 mechanism but with different activation energies and pre-exponential factors for different complexes.     

Crystal structure and thermoanalytical study of a manganese(II) complex with 1-allylimidazole

The crystal structure of a manganese(II) 1-allylimidazole complex ([Mn(1-AIm)₃(NO₃)₂], where 1-Aim=1-allylimidazole), was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using SHELX-97. The thermal behaviour of the complex was investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) coupled with an FTIR unit. The complex showed a multi-step decomposition related to the release of the ligand molecules, followed by oxidation. The final residue at 1073 K was found to be manganese(II) oxide. Evolved gas analysis allowed to prove the oxidative decomposition pattern of the examined complex, initially proposed by the percentage mass loss data. Finally, a kinetic analysis of the oxidative decomposition steps was made using the Kissinger equation, while the complex nature of the decomposition kinetics was revealed by the isoconversional Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method.