PNIPAM-b-聚碳酸酯温敏胶束的制备及用作药物控制释放载体的研究

以多孔硅球固定化猪胰脂肪酶(IPPL)为催化剂,温敏性HO-PNIPAM为大分子引发剂,5-甲基-5-烯丙氧羰基-三亚甲基碳酸酯(MAC)和5,5-二甲基三亚甲基碳酸酯(DTC)为共聚单体,通过开环聚合合成了不同结构比例的两亲性嵌段型共聚物P(MAC-co-DTC) -b-PNIPAM.该嵌段型共聚物在水中可自组装形成...     

稀土催化聚ε-癸内酯-聚丙交酯-聚乙二醇热塑性弹性体的合成及自组装

以三(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯氧基)镧为催化剂,1,4-丁二醇为引发剂,ε-癸内酯(ε-DL)和L-丙交酯(L-LA)为单体进行开环聚合,采用"一锅两步法"合成了3种不同比例的三嵌段聚合物(PLLA-PDL-PLLA).以L-赖氨酸二异氰酸酯(LDI)为扩链剂,将PLLA-PDL-PLLA和生物相容性好的聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)用LDI进行偶联,制备了两亲性多嵌段聚合物(PLLA-PDL-PLLA-PEG)m.多嵌段聚合物(PLLA-PDL-PLLAPEG)m的断裂伸长率高达1200%,是一种拉伸性能较好的热塑性弹性体.由于PEG6000的亲水性,使两亲性多嵌段聚合物可以自组装形成具有较低临界胶束浓度的胶束,有望应用于生物医药领域.     

温度敏感性PNIPAM-b-PZLL-b-mPEG三嵌段共聚物的合成与自组装研究

通过大分子引发剂引发ε-苄氧羰基-L-赖氨酸-N-羧酸酐(Lys-NCA)开环聚合和大分子缩合的方法合成了聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)-b-聚(ε-苄氧羰基-L-赖氨酸)-b-聚乙二醇单甲醚三嵌段共聚物(PNIPAM-b-PZLL-b-mPEG).用GPC和1H-NMR对其结构进行了表征.用芘荧光探针法证明了该三嵌段聚合物形成胶束的性质并测定了临界胶束浓度(CMC).动态光散射(DLS)研究表明,在固定PNIPAM-b-PZLL链段长度的情况下,mPEG分子量为2000时,胶束在温度高于临界溶解温度(LCST)时发生聚集,mPEG分子量为5000时,胶束在LCST以上没有发生聚集.     

聚乙二醇-聚乳酸-聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯两亲性三嵌段聚合物的合成及其自组装研究

具有生物相容性的两亲性嵌段共聚物在水中易形成胶束,在医学诊断、体内药物缓释及药物靶向输送方面具有广阔的应用前景.利用二嵌段聚合物聚乙二醇-聚乳酸(PEG-PLA)引发甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯的原子转移自由基聚合,制备了两亲性三嵌段聚合物聚乙二醇-聚乳酸-聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(PEG-PLA-PHEMA),利用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC),红外光谱(FT-IR),1H NMR表征了其聚合物组成;然后利用透析法制备了不同分子量的聚合物胶束,动态光散射(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)结果表明其形貌规整、尺寸均一,而且胶束粒径在PEG和PLA链段长度不变的条件下,随PHEMA链段的变长而增大.PHEMA链上大量羟基的存在为聚合物胶束的功能化改性提供了反应位点,加上本身完全由具良好生物相容性的聚合物制备,使其在可控药物释放方面具有很大的应用潜力.     

聚环氧乙烷-g-聚己内酯两亲性接枝共聚物的合成及药物释放行为

通过环氧丙醇(GL)与环氧乙烷(EO)的阴离子顺序开环聚合制备了水溶性嵌段共聚物PEO-b-PGL, 以PGL嵌段每个重复单元的侧羟基为引发点进一步引发ε-己内酯(CL)的开环聚合, 合成了结构规整的以聚环氧乙烷(PEO)为主链的两亲性接枝共聚物(PEO-b-PGL-g-PCL). 研究了PEO-b-PGL-g-PCL在水相中的自组装行为, 采用稳态荧光探针法测定了胶束的临界胶束浓度(cmc). 以疏水性药物阿霉素(DOX)为模型药物, 研究了两亲性接枝共聚物的化学组成对药物的扩散释放以及降解释放行为的影响.     

两亲性嵌段共聚物mPEG-b-PCL/FA的合成及其药物释放性能

以苯甲醇为引发剂,在辛酸亚锡催化下引发ε-环己内酯(ε-CL )开环聚合,合成了聚己内酯(PCL).分别利用端甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)、PCL及叶酸(FA)与三氯三嚎中不同的氯反应,得到两亲性嵌段共聚物mPEG-b-PCL/FA;采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和核磁共振谱仪等表征了mPEG-b-PCL/FA的组成和结构;采...     

两亲性嵌段共聚物的合成及其在离子液体中的自组装行为

采用阴离子开环聚合法合成了两亲性嵌段共聚物PLA-PEG-PLA.用FT-IR,1H NMR和GPC等手段对嵌段共聚物的结构组成进行了表征.两亲性嵌段共聚物在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐中能自组装成胶束,用透射电子显微镜观察了聚合物在离子液体中形成胶束的纳米结构.当疏水链长固定时,胶束的自组装形状主要依赖于亲水链的长度.两亲性共聚物在离子液体中可自组装成可控制结构的纳米胶束,这种纳米结构胶束在很多领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

聚(L-丙氨酸-co-羟丙-L-谷氨酰胺)无规共聚物的两亲性及其胶束行为研究

采用丙氨酸作为疏水聚合单体,谷氨酸作为亲水聚合单体,一步开环聚合反应,合成了具有两亲性的聚氨基酸无规共聚物.利用IR,1H-NMR等方法对所合成的聚合物进行了详细的表征,结果表明两种单体都能够按照投料比参加聚合反应生成无规共聚物.对比聚丙氨酸-聚羟丙谷氨酰胺嵌段共聚物,探讨了无规共聚物与嵌段共聚物在两亲性及结构性质上的差异和特点.研究表明,聚(L-丙氨酸-co-羟丙-L-谷氨酰胺)无规共聚物与嵌段共聚物一样,具有两亲性,在水溶液中也能够形成胶束,但胶束尺寸较嵌段共聚物要小,胶束形态也不像嵌段共聚物是规整的球形.实验发现,亲疏水单体的比例对胶束的形成有很大影响,P(A10-co-HPG40)所制得的胶束分散最为均匀.所形成的胶束以疏水的聚丙氨酸为内核,亲水的聚羟丙谷氨酰胺为外壳.     

医用生物相容性接枝共聚物负载阿霉素和香豆素的研究

以一端连有单电子转移自由基聚合(RAFT)链转移剂的聚乙二醇(PEG)为大分子链转移剂,调控2-(4-羟基丁酰氧基)甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯(t BHBMA)的RAFT聚合,得到的PEG-b-Pt BHBMA嵌段共聚物引发丙交酯的开环聚合,制得接枝共聚物PEG-b-(Pt BA-g-PLA).通过聚乳酸末端的羟基与7-甲氧基香豆素-3-羧酸(COU)中羧基的酯化反应,得到了含有荧光标记分子的接枝共聚物PEG-b-(Pt BA-g-PLA-COU).该聚合物主链选择性水解,得到了含有荧光标记分子的两亲性接枝共聚物PEG-b-(PAA-g-PLA-COU).以PEG-b-(PAA-g-PLA-COU)为药物载体,对阿霉素(DOX)进行了负载,制得了含有荧光标记分子的聚合物载药胶束.利用紫外光谱和动态光散射测定了载药胶束的载药量和胶束尺寸.     

化学酶法合成五嵌段聚合物及其自组装行为的研究

用酶促开环聚合与ATRP方法相结合,制备了聚甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯-聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯-聚甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯(PHFMA-b-PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL-b-PHFMA)五嵌段聚合物.首先用Novozym e 435作为催化剂合成了聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯三嵌段聚合物,然后通过端基官能化法合成了大分子引发剂,并用其引发甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯(HFMA)的ATRP反应,合成了五嵌段聚合物.通过核磁和GPC证明了大分子引发剂和五嵌段共聚物的结构,五嵌段共聚物的GPC分析表明这种合成方法的可行.共聚物胶束的直径和大小通过动态光散射方法和原子力显微镜测试,五嵌段共聚物在水中的的自组装行为也被研究.结果证明胶束是球形,其平均直径为77 nm.聚合物在四氢呋喃中的浓度对聚合物的聚集形貌有很大的影响.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。