同位旋对轻系统裂变前粒子发射的影响

在Smoluchowski方程的框架内,研究了同位旋对轻裂变同量异位素源¹¹⁰Tc,¹¹⁰Pd,¹¹⁰In和同位素源^110,117,124In裂变前粒子发射的影响.计算结果表明:断前粒子发射对裂变源的同位旋有很强的依赖性,随着同位旋的增加,中子发射增强,而轻带电粒子则减弱;对一个高同位旋的系统,质子和α粒子不适合作为提取核耗散强度的实验观测量;核耗散强度的大小不改变同位旋对粒子发射的影响规律     

同位旋对断前粒子发射影响的角动量依赖性

对一个同量异位素链²⁰²Fr,²⁰²Po,²⁰²Tl和一个同位素链^189,202,212Po,用裂变扩散模型考察了角动量对裂变前粒子发射同位旋效应的影响.发现断前粒子发射的同位旋效应敏感地依赖于系统的自旋.高的角动量不但弱化了同位旋对粒子蒸发的影响,而且也降低了核耗散对粒子发射的影响.因此,为了更准确地用粒子多重性来提取核耗散系数,选择一个低自旋的复合系统是重要的     

曲率能及压缩能对缺中子裂变系统断前中子发射的影响

用改进了的动力学与统计相结合的模型, 研究了曲率能及压缩能对\,4\,个缺中子裂变系统: ¹⁸⁸Pt, ²⁰⁰Pb, ²¹³Fr和²²⁴Th的断前中子发射的影响. 计算结果显示用改进模型得到的断前中子多重性相比原来模型的低估要更靠近实验数据. 对于目前工作考虑压缩能的原因进行了讨论.     

44MeV/A12C离子与铜相互作用中靶余核的研究

在44MeV/A的¹²C离子和铜的相互作用中,用核化学技术测定了35个靶余核的截面以及前向平均射程.得到了同量异位素分布、质量分布和径向动量转移.质量分布和同量异位素分布与推广的统计模型和蒙特卡罗方法计算结果满意地相符.     

形变对10.6MeV/u 84Kr+27Al反应裂变前粒子发射的影响

研究了形变效应对10.6MeV/u ⁸⁴Kr+²⁷Al反应中断前粒子发射的影响.发现通过测量的裂变前粒子多重性提取的裂变延迟时间将因此从20×10^－21s减少到5×10^－21s,表明增强的断前粒子发射有一部分来自形变效应的贡献.     

中能重离子反应破碎过程的统计描述

本文把原适用于高能重离子反应破碎过程的统计模型,推广应用于中能重离子反应的低能端.具体计算了¹²C(35MeV/n)+⁶³Cu反应中形成的复合系统⁶⁹Ge的破碎过程,很好地解释了碎块质量分布的实验数据;碎块同量异位素分布,也得到了较好的再现.     

偶偶Cd同位素核的形变HF态及负宇称带研究

将具有正宇称的轨道空间扩大到包含具有负宇称的1h_11/2轨道,采用修正的表面δ相互作用(MSDI),对¹⁰⁴Cd,¹⁰⁶Cd,¹⁰⁸Cd,¹¹⁰Cd,¹¹²Cd,¹¹⁴Cd和¹¹⁶Cd等7个偶偶核作了形变HF计算.得到了基态和一些激发态的解.同时,还用近似角动量投影形变Hartree-Fock(PDHF)方法对¹⁰⁸Cd和¹¹⁰Cd进行了能谱计算,得到其正、负宇称带的解,计算结果与实验谱基本一致.     

转动自由度对10.6MeV/u 84Kr+27Al反应中裂变前粒子增强发射的影响

在统计模型的框架内研究了In核在三维空间的转动自由度对10.6和8.5MeV/u ⁸⁴Kr+²⁷Al碰撞裂变前粒子发射的影响.发现对后一个轰击能,断前粒子发射不敏感于转动自由度;对前一个能量,转动自由度的引入使提取的裂变延迟时间从20×10^－21s减少到7.5×10^－21s,表明了它对裂变前粒子蒸发的影响,计算结果也表明仅有转动自由度并不能完全解释In核的断前粒子增强发射现象.发现了转动自由度在粒子发射中所起的作用对系统的激发能有一定的依赖关系.     

重离子融合反应入射道效应的动力学研究

运用微观输运模型-改进的量子分子动力学模型(ImQMD), 研究了弹靶质量对称体系⁷⁴Ge+⁷⁴Ge与弹靶质量不对称体系⁴⁸Ti+¹⁰⁰Mo的重离子融合反应入射道效应及其动力学机制, 并分析了复合体系的均方根半径〈r²〉^1/2和形变参量β随时间的演化过程, 结果表明质量对称的反应体系比不对称体系更容易产生形变较大的Gd, 则说明重离子融合反应中的动力学效应对大形变核的产额有很大的影响.     

单粒子薛定谔液体和形变核的转动惯量

将单粒子薛定谔液体理论应用于轴对称形变核的集体运动.也给出了一个相反的例子,即在各向异性谐振子势中处于稳定形变的任意数目的独立核子.而且,通过填充与主量子数n_x,n_y和n_z的可能值相应的单粒子态来构成s-d壳偶偶核:²⁰Ne,²⁴Mg,²⁸Si,³²S和³⁶Ar的基态,并计算了作为谐振子参数hω_x,hω_y和hω_z的函数的这些核的推转模型、刚体模型和稳态模型转动惯量.这些谐振子参数用与质量数A、中子数N、质子数Z和形变参数β有关的非形变参数hω00来描述.这些核的推转模型转动惯量的理论计算结果与实验数据符合甚好.而且,所考虑的轴对称形变核可能是扁椭球形的,也可能不是扁椭球形的,其中²⁴Mg是惟一高度形变的.²⁰Ne和²⁴Mg这两个核的刚体模型和稳态模型转动惯量也与实验数据符合甚好.     

Effects of Isospin on Pre-scission Particle Multiplicity of Heavy Systems and Its Excitation Energy Dependence

Isospin effects on particle emission of fissioning isobaric sources ²⁰²Fr, ²⁰²Po, ²⁰²Tl and isotopic sources ^189,202,212Po, and its dependence on the excitation energy are studied via Smoluchowski equations. It is shown that with increasing the isospin of fissioning systems, charged-particle emission is not sensitive to the strength of nuclear dissipation. In addition, we have found that increasing the excitation energy not only increases the influence of nuclear dissipation on particle emission but also greatly enhances the sensitivity of the emission of pre-scission neutrons or charged particles to the isospin of the system. Therefore, in order to extract dissipation strength more accurately by taking light particle multiplicities it is important to choose both a highly excited compound nucleus and a proper kind of particles for systems with different isospins.     

同位旋对断前粒子发射的壳结构依赖性

用扩散模型研究了壳对幻数附近的核,即²⁰⁴Pb,²⁰⁸Pb,²¹²Pb和¹²⁸Sn,¹³²Sn,¹³⁶Sn,在裂变过程中蒸发轻粒子多重性的影响.发现壳能够影响粒子发射的同位旋依赖性,并且该影响的大小与复合系统的自旋和激发能有关.计算表明角动量在壳影响同位旋相关的粒子发射中起到了显著的作用,而高激发能弱化了壳的影响.     

中能重离子碰撞中的同位旋效应

利用改进的量子分子动力学模型,研究了中心和擦边重离子反应中的同位旋效应.研究结果表明,在丰中子体系的中心和擦边反应中出射核子的N/Z都对对称势敏感,但对称势的密度依赖对中心和擦边反应的影响显示不同的特征.     

中能重离子碰撞中带电粒子多重性的同位旋效应

利用兰州4π带电粒子探测器阵列测量带电粒子多重性,研究了55MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+^58,64Ni核反应中He和中等质量碎片的产额与反应系统同位旋的关系,以及这种同位旋效应与反应系统的碰撞参数(即碰撞的激烈程度)、系统的激发能的变化关系,对两个反应系统,观察到带电粒子多重性中He的比分随带电粒子多重性的增加而增大,带电粒子多重性中IMF的比分随带电粒子多重性的增加而先增大,后减小的规律.两个反应系统虽然具有相同的核电荷数,但轻粒子He和中等质量碎片在多重性中的比分有明显的同位旋相关性。     

A Detailed Study of Pre-scission γ Emission as a Probe of Nuclear Dissipation

Using a Langevin equation coupled with a statistical model, we calculate pre-scission giant dipole resonance （GDR） γ-ray multiplicity of nuclei 194 pb, 200Pb, 206Pb, and 200 Os. It is demonstrated that with increasing the isospin asymmetry of these fissioning nuclei the sensitivity of the emitted γ multiplicity to the nuclear viscosity coefficient is decreased significantly. For 200Os nuc/eus, this γ-ray emission is no longer sensitive to the magnitude of the viscosity coefficient. In addition, the effect of the isospin asymmetry on the γ rays as a probe of nuclear dissipation is reduced with increasing angular momentum. These results suggest that to obtain a more accurate information of the viscosity coemfficient by the measurement of pre-scission GDR γ-ray multiplicity it is better to choose those compound systems with small isospin asymmetry and low spin.     

Disappearance of isospin effect in projectile fragmentation at intermediate energy

The 140~MeV/u ^40,48Ca+^9Be and ^58,64Ni+^9Be reactions are simulated by the statistical abrasion ablation model, and the simulation results are compared to the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) experimental data. By comparing the fragment isotopic distributions of ^40,48Ca and ^58,64Ni, we study the isospin effect in the projectile fragmentation induced by the neutron-rich nuclei at intermediate energy experimentally and theoretically. It is found that the isospin effect in projectile fragmentation decreases and even disappears as the violence of the collision increases.     

弹核碎裂反应中同位旋效应的系统研究

用统计擦碎模型对中能区不同弹靶体系在弹核碎裂反应中的同位旋效应和同位旋标度率现象进行了系统研究. 发现归一的同位素分布峰位差和约化的同位旋标度率参数随(Z_proj－Z)/Z_proj or (N_proj－N)/N_proj呈指数下降, 与反应系统大小无关. 指出约化的同位旋标度率参数可以用来研究中能重离子碰撞中反应系统的激发程度和非对称核物质的状态方程.     

Isospin Effect on Relative State Population Temperature in the Reactions 40Ar+ 112,124Sn at 30MeV/u

An array of 13 detector telescopes has been used for detecting small-angle particle-particle correlations in the reactions ⁴⁰Ar+^112,124Sn at 30MeV/u. The α-α correlation functions were extracted from two-particle coincident events. A three-body trajectory code MENEKA was used to calculate the background correlation function. The detection efficiency was calculated by using the Monte-Carlo method. After subtracting the background correlation and making the detection efficiency correction, the temperatures of 4.18±0.25 0.21 MeV and 4.10±0.22 0.20MeV are obtained from relative populations of ⁸Be states for the reaction systems with different isospin,⁴⁰Ar+¹¹²Sn and ⁴⁰Ar+¹²⁴Sn, respectively. From the relationship between the state population temperature and outgoing particle energies, it is found that the emission temperature decreases with increase of the particle energies for both studied reaction systems. For the neutron deficient system ⁴⁰Ar+¹¹²Sn the emission temperature is 5.13±0.30 0.26MeV for the lower emitting particle energies and 3.87±0.37 0.29MeV for the higher emitting particle energies. And for the neutron rich system ⁴⁰Ar+¹²⁴Sn the emission temperature is 5.39±0.30 0.26MeV for the lower emitting particle energies and 3.32± 0.28 0.23MeV for the higher emitting particle energies. This kind of isospin dependence is discussed.     

库仑作用对同位旋分馏过程的影响

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型研究了中能重离子碰撞中库仑作用对同位旋分馏过程的影响.研究结果表明,在所研究的能区,无论是丰(缺)中子碰撞系统或者轻(重)反应系统,库仑作用都使同位旋分馏过程减弱,而这种影响主要来自于库仑作用对质子的排斥作用,使更多的质子发射,从而降低了气相中子–质子比所导致