四丁基溴化铵水合物浆在蓄冷空调中的应用前景

TBAB水合物浆作为适用于空调工况的新型两相潜热输送载冷剂,可以大幅度降低冷量输送的功耗。通过添加成核剂的方法来降低所需的过冷度,制备方法简单节能,而且蓄冷特性出色,相变蓄冷温度与溶液的浓度密切相关,可通过调节溶液的浓度,获得与空调冷冻水一致的相变温度。根据非牛顿流体的特点,综述了国内外关于TBAB水合物浆流变方程的选择,列出了表观粘度及传热系数的计算方法,并指出TBAB水合物浆应用于蓄冷空调中的优点。     

二乙二醇单甲醚液相导热系数的实验研究

利用钽丝作为热线的瞬态双热线系统对温度区间233－373K、压力区间为0．1—30 MPa的液相二乙二醇单甲醚（diethylene glycol monom ethylether,DGMME）的导热系数进行了实验研究,并将实验数据拟合为温度和压力的关联式。实验数据与导热系数关联式计算结果的标准偏差和最大偏差分别为0．...     

瞬态比较法测量液体导热系数

为了测量几种有机相变材料的导热系数,文章基于点热源瞬态法,设计研制了一台液体导热系数测定仪.采用比较法来有效降低系统误差,在25℃时用标准有机材料对仪器进行标定及校验后,结果显示其最大误差为5.3%,证明了仪器的可靠性,并用该仪器在25℃温度下测量了六种新型相变材料的导热系数,为其工程应用提供了依据.     

热线法测量保温材料的导热系数

本文在分析热线法测量导热系数原理的基础上,应用热线法测定了几种保温材料不同温度下的导热系数。并通过Origin7.0对测量结果进行了数据线性拟合,可快捷、精确地获得测量结果。     

液体导热系数的测量

液体导热系数的测量李成仁，吕翎，曲业民，尹海滨（辽宁师范大学物理系大连１１６０２２）一、引言导热系数是表征材料导热性能的一个参数，其数值不仅与材料的种类有关，对同一种材料还取决于温度．目前，各高校测量导热系数的实验多以金属铜棒为样品．对于液体，由于导...     

导热系数测量实验的改进

利用传感器和数字温度计代替热电偶和数字电压表测量导热系数 ,实验更简捷、科学、精确     

水合物浆体在水平细管中的流动特性研究

TBAB水合物浆体是一种有较好应用前景的蓄冷材料,作为空调的载冷剂,可以大幅度降低输送功耗.本文实验研究了质量分数为0~19.2%的TBAB水合物浆体在内径为2.0 mm和4.5 mm圆直管中的流动特性.通过测量水合物浆体的流量和压降得到其流动曲线,采用幂律模型描述浆体的流动特性,得到浆体的本构方程,实验测得的摩擦系数与关联式有较好的吻合。     

温度传感器在测定不良导体导热系数实验中的应用

将单片计算机与温度传感器结合用于导热系数测定仪中测量温度,改进后的导热系数测定仪结构紧凑,操作简单、读数方便.     

气凝胶及其复合绝热材料的导热系数测量

采用瞬态热带法在不同压力和不同温度下对气凝胶、硬硅钙石-气凝胶及陶瓷纤维-气凝胶复合绝热材料的导热系数进行了测量.结果表明,随着测试压力的降低,三种材料的导热系数都显著降低,在大约104 Pa时基本趋于常数;随着温度的升高,三种绝热材料的导热系数几乎与温度的立方成正比;当气凝胶的密度为145 kg/m3时,其导热系数具...     

Cyclopentane hydrate slurry viscosity measurements coupled with visualisation

One of the advanced strategies in hydrate plug prevention is to obtain an in-depth knowledge of the rheological properties of hydrate slurries. A major challenge in hydrate rheological measurements is that the viscosity profile can be difficult to attribute to physical phenomena, such as particle agglomerate breakup, particle bedding/settling and wall growth. In this work, a novel visual rheometer has been developed to help overcome these previous limitations by enabling the visualisation of the evolution of cyclopentane hydrate slurries during viscosity measurements. Two different model systems were used in this investigation: (1) non-emulsified and (2) emulsified systems. The physical phenomena, including initial hydrate formation, hydrate wall growth, bedding and sloughing were visually observed and directly correlated to the corresponding viscosity profile. For the non-emulsified system, there are four different stages of hydrate slurry development including initial hydrate formation, wall adhesion and growth and sloughing that caused changes in the viscosity profiles. Large fluctuations in the viscosity profile for a non-emulsified system were found to be the result of a sloughing phenomenon. On the other hand, the emulsified system showed a well-dispersed hydrate slurry with minimal wall and impeller growth, corresponding to a smooth viscosity profile.     

金属纳米颗粒对水合物的导热影响

使用分子动力学模拟方法,在温度为200－280K的NVT系综下,对纳米粒子－CO2水合物复合体系进行模拟计算,研究了不同种类（Ag, Cu, Fe）、不同粒径 (1.0nm, 1.5nm, 2.0nm) 的球形纳米粒子对水合物导热性能的影响,从体系构型、导热系数、纳米粒子运动速度等方面探究纳米粒子对水合物导热性能的强化机理。 模拟结果表明,纳米粒子的加入,不影响水合物导热率与温度的相关性;与同温度下纯质CO2体系相比,粒径相同时,Ag、Cu、Fe的复合体系导热增长率分别为25.6%－43.8%、19.4%－31.9%、6.9%－17.6%,纳米Ag导热增强效果最好;对于同一粒子,粒径越小,整体的导热能力越强,粒径1.0nm、1.5nm、2.0nm的复合体系导热增长率分别为28.2%－39.8%、19.4%－31.9%和7.5%－17.1%。     

CO_2水合物导热特性的分子动力学模拟

使用分子动力学模拟方法在NVT系综下对结构完整CO_2水合物以及结构缺陷CO_2水合物进行了导热模拟计算.对于结构完整的CO_2水合物,在200-230 K温度区间内,体系导热系数由0.4684 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1)变化到0.4836 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),温度相关性较弱;而在230-280 K温度区间内,体系导热系数由0.4836 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1)变化到0.7494 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),温度相关性变强;另外,通过计算功率图谱发现主体分子对水合物体系的导热贡献更大.对于结构缺陷CO_2水合物,发现晶穴占有率和笼形结构缺陷对体系导热均有一定影响,空笼晶胞导热系数约为完整晶胞导热系数的86.67%,体系的导热能力主要取决于主体结构的性质.     

铜管表面水合物晶体生长特性研究

实验研究了浓度分别为5 wt%、15 wt%、20 wt%、30 wt%的四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)溶液在外径为21mm的铜管外表面的结晶特性.实验首先以15 wt%TBAB溶液为例,观察其降温结晶过程,得到了TBAB水合物晶体在不同阶段生长的特征.然后对不同浓度、不同过冷度条件下的TBAB溶液进行降温结晶实验,观察并测...     

Investigation on characteristics of thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids

It has been shown that a nanofluid consisting of nanoparticles dispersed in base fluid has much higher effective thermal conductivity than pure fluid. In this study, four kinds of nanofluids such as multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) in water, CuO in water, SiO₂ in water, and CuO in ethylene glycol, are produced. Their thermal conductivities are measured by a transient hot-wire method. The thermal conductivity enhancement of water-based MWCNT nanofluid is increased up to 11.3% at a volume fraction of 0.01. The measured thermal conductivities of MWCNT nanofluids are higher than those calculated with Hamilton–Crosser model due to neglecting solid–liquid interaction at the interface. The results show that the thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids depends on the thermal conductivities of both particles and the base fluid.     

TBAB包络化合物浆水平管内的传热特性研究

TBAB包络化合物浆具有易生成、高潜热及可流动性等特点,是一种良好的蓄冷及潜热输送介质,在中央空调系统中表现出光明的节能前景.本文采用实验方法,研究了B型TBAB包络化合物浆在定热流密度条件下,水平不锈钢管内的对流换热特性,流速涵盖了层流-湍流.通过研究流速V、固相含量X_s对换热系数α的影响,发现"换热降低区"和再层流化现象,得到层流区与湍流区的临界线.最后整理出对流换热的无量纲准则式,其计算结果与实验结果的相对误差在±20%以内.     

储氢笼型水合物生成促进机理的分子动力学模拟研究

用分子动力学(MD)模拟方法研究水合物法储氢的促进机理,系统研究纯H₂水合物、H₂+四氢呋喃(THF)水合物、H₂+四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)半笼型水合物和H₂+四异戊基溴化铵(TiAAB)半笼型水合物的微观结构及性质.模拟分析客体与笼子之间的稳定能ΔE_GH,得出水合物中大笼子对稳定水合物起到主要作用.THF进入大笼子能促进H₂水合物稳定,降低H₂水合物形成压力,模拟结果与实验一致.模拟对比不同客体在大笼子中的ΔE_GH值,得出从小到大的顺序依次为TiAAB,TBAB,THF,H₂.模拟结果表明半笼型水合物的稳定性比结构Ⅱ型水合物强,同时得出H₂+TiAAB半笼型水合物的结构最稳定.MD模拟为TiAAB成为一种水合物新型促进剂和新型储氢材料提供了理论依据. 关键词： 2笼型水合物')" href="#">H₂笼型水合物 分子动力学模拟 储氢 半笼型水合物     

Molecular dynamics simulation of decomposition and thermal conductivity of methane hydrate in porous media

The hydrate has characteristics of low thermal conductivity and temperature sensitivity. To further analysis the mechanism of thermal conductivity and provide method for the exploitation, transportation and utilization of hydrate, the effect of decomposition and thermal conductivity of methane hydrate in porous media has been studied by using the molecular dynamics simulation. In this study, the simulation is carried out under the condition of temperature 253.15 K-273.15 K and pressure 1 MPa. The results show that the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate increases with the increase of temperature and has a faster growth near freezing. With the addition of porous media, the thermal conductivity of the methane hydrate improves significantly. The methane hydrate-porous media system also has the characteristics of vitreous body.With the decrease of the pore size of the porous media, thermal conductivity of the system increases gradually at the same temperature. It can be ascertained that the porous media of different pore sizes have strengthened the role of the thermal conductivity of hydrates.     

The effect of particle size on the thermal conductivity of alumina nanofluids

We present new data for the thermal conductivity enhancement in seven nanofluids containing 8–282 nm diameter alumina nanoparticles in water or ethylene glycol. Our results show that the thermal conductivity enhancement in these nanofluids decreases as the particle size decreases below about 50 nm. This finding is consistent with a decrease in the thermal conductivity of alumina nanoparticles with decreasing particle size, which can be attributed to phonon scattering at the solid–liquid interface. The limiting value of the enhancement for nanofluids containing large particles is greater than that predicted by the Maxwell equation, but is predicted well by the volume fraction weighted geometric mean of the bulk thermal conductivities of the solid and liquid. This observation was used to develop a simple relationship for the thermal conductivity of alumina nanofluids in both water and ethylene glycol.