空气阻力对完全非弹性蹦球动力学行为的影响

一个在振动台面上蹦跳的小球具有复杂的运动形式,如倍周期分岔和混沌．如果球与台面间的碰撞是完全非弹性的,则球的运动是倍周期的,不存在混沌．在分岔相图中,鞍一结不稳定性引入“平台”结构,同时存在倍周期轨道的密集区．这里将研究空气的黏滞阻力对完全非弹性蹦球动力学行为的影响．分析表明,空气阻力很弱时,分岔序列不受影响,但分岔点的数值变大,“平台”和密集区加宽．空气阻力较大时,“平台”与密集区重叠．重叠区内原有产生倍周期运动的机理被破坏,球的运动是混沌的．     

非弹性蹦球的动力学研究

对有空气阻尼的非弹性蹦球的动力学行为进行了数值模拟,通过改变控制参数V₀,蹦球的运动表现出倍周期分岔、混沌等非线性现象,采用0-1检测法和最大Lyapunov指数证实了这种现象.     

摩擦力对非弹性蹦球倍周期运动的影响

分析了摩擦力对竖直振动台面上完全非弹性蹦球动力学行为的影响.当控制参数Γ由1逐渐增大时,作用在蹦球上的恒定摩擦力不会改变倍周期分岔的序列,但会使倍周期分岔点的数值变大.与无摩擦力时的情况相比,在飞行时间的分岔图中也存在倍周期分岔密集区,只是被横向拉伸纵向压缩,且具有不同的分形特性.与受振颗粒体系中的倍周期分岔过程做了比较,发现当摩擦力取值为颗粒总重量的20%—30%时两者符合很好.     

完全非弹性蹦球倍周期运动的分形特征

一个落在振动台面上的完全非弹性球的运动是倍周期的.倍周期分岔过程受约化振动加速度的控制,倍周期分岔图由疏密相间的区域构成.在密集区内,倍周期分岔过程敏感地依赖于控制参数,呈现出复杂的几何结构.分析了密集区的分形特性,并计算了各密集区的分维数.结果表明密集区的分维数是依次增大的,逐渐趋于一个约为1.8的常数. 关键词： 蹦球 倍周期分岔 分形 颗粒物质     

完全非弹性蹦球的动力学行为

对振动台面上的完全非弹性球的蹦跳行为进行了初步分析.受约化振动加速度的控制，球的运动可以表现出一系列倍周期分岔过程.对几种典型的倍周期运动及分岔情况进行了讨论. 关键词： 蹦球 倍周期分岔 混沌 颗粒物质     

Chaotic dynamics of a bouncing ball

A detailed study of a mapping on a two-dimensional manifold is made. The mapping describes a system subject to periodic forcing, in particular an imperfectly elastic ball bouncing on a vibrating platform. Quasiperiodic motion on a one-dimensional manifold is proven, and observed numerically, at low forcing, while at higher forcing Smale horseshoes are present. We examine the evolution of the attracting set with changing parameter. Spatial structure is oganised by fixed points of the mapping and sudden changes occur by crises. A new type of chaos, in which a trajectory alternates between two distinct chaotic regions, is described and explained in terms of manifold collisions. Throughout we are concerned to examine the behaviour of Lyapunov exponents. Typical behaviour of Lyapunov exponents in the quasiperiodic regime under the influence of external noise is discussed. At higher forcing a certain symmetry of the attractor allows an analytic expression for the exponents to be given.     

Randomness in the bouncing ball dynamics

The dynamics of a vibrated bouncing ball is studied numerically in the reduced impact representation, where the velocity of the bouncing ball is sampled at each impact with the plate (asynchronous sampling). Its random nature is thus fully revealed: (i) the chattering mechanism, through which the ball gets locked on the plate, is accomplished within a limited interval of the plate oscillation phase, and (ii) is well described in impact representation by a special structure of looped, nested bands and (iii) chattering trajectories and strange attractors may coexist for appropriate ranges of the parameter values. Structure and substructure of the chattering bands are well explained in terms of a simple impact map rule. These results are of potential application to the analysis of high-temperature vibrated granular gases.     

Behavior of one inelastic ball bouncing repeatedly off the ground

An experimental study of the behavior of one bead bouncing repeatedly off a static flat horizontal surface is presented. We observe that the number of bounces made by the bead is finite. When the duration between two successive bounces becomes of the order of the impact duration, the bead no longer bounces but oscillates on the elastically deformed surface before coming to rest. This transition is explained with a modified Hertz interaction law in which gravity is taken into account during the interaction. For each bounce, measurement of both the duration of collision and the restitution coefficient have been done. The effective restitution coefficient is essentially constant and close to 1 during almost all bounces before decreasing to zero when the impact velocity vanishes. This is due to an interplay between gravity and viscoelastic dissipation. Received: 2 December 1997 / Accepted: 5 March 1998     

Itinerant memory dynamics and global bifurcations in chaotic neural networks

We have considered itinerant memory dynamics in a chaotic neural network composed of four chaotic neurons with synaptic connections determined by two orthogonal stored patterns as a simple example of a chaotic itinerant phenomenon in dynamical associative memory. We have analyzed a mechanism of generating the itinerant memory dynamics with respect to intersection of a pair of alpha branches of periodic points and collapse of a periodic in-phase attracting set. The intersection of invariant sets is numerically verified by a novel method proposed in this paper.     

Scaling properties of the regular dynamics for a dissipative bouncing ball model

Some scaling properties of the regular dynamics for a dissipative version of the one-dimensional Fermi accelerator model are studied. The dynamics of the model is given in terms of a two-dimensional nonlinear area contracting map. Our results show that the velocities of saddle fixed points (saddle velocities) can be described using scaling arguments for different values of the control parameter.     

弹跳球运动的理论分析与数值研究

建立了弹跳球运动的二维映射关系式,利用非线性动力学的原理和方法,在不同的控制参数条件下,研究了系统二维映射式不动点的稳定性;数值模拟的结果显示,系统在不同的控制参数条件下具有不同的运动特征.     

Subharmonic and homoclinic bifurcations in a parametrically forced pendulum

Depending on the parameters of a parametrically forced pendulum system the boundaries of subharmonic and homoclinic bifurcations are calculated on the basis of the Melnikov method and of averaging methods. It is shown that, as a parameter is varied, repeated resonances of successively higher periods occur culminating in homoclinic orbits. According to the theorem of Smale homoclinic bifurcation is the source of the unstable chaotic motions observed. For some selected parameter sets the theoretical predictions are tested by numerical calculations. Very good agreement is found between analytical and numerical results.     

Subharmonic and chaotic bifurcation structure in optical bistability

We provide a global view of optical bistability in the domain described by the Ikeda finite difference equation through a study of the boundary structure for marginally stable period N solutions in the parameter space.     

Nonlinear dynamics of the heartbeat: II. Subharmonic bifurcations of the cardiac interbeat interval in sinus node disease

Changing the coupling of electronic relaxation oscillators may be associated with the emergence of complex periodic behavior. The electrocardiographic record of a patient with the “sick sinus syndrome” demonstrated periodic behavior including subharmonic bifurcations in an attractor of his interbeat interval. Such nonlinear dynamics which may emerge from alterations in the coupling of oscillating pacemakers are not predicted by traditional models in cardiac electrophysiology. An understanding of the nonlinear behavior of physical and mathematical systems may generalize to pathophysiological processes.     

气垫导轨上的磁阻尼效应实验

为了克服摩擦力对运动磁体与非磁性导体相互作用产生的磁阻尼效应的影响,在铝合金气垫导轨上进行磁阻尼效应实验,推导了相互作用过程中各物理量间的解析关系,并运用自己开发的专用实验设备,获得了与理论推导一致的实验结果.     

From collective periodic running states to completely chaotic synchronised states in coupled particle dynamics

We consider the damped and driven dynamics of two interacting particles evolving in a symmetric and spatially periodic potential. The latter is exerted to a time-periodic modulation of its inclination. Our interest is twofold: First, we deal with the issue of chaotic motion in the higher-dimensional phase space. To this end, a homoclinic Melnikov analysis is utilised assuring the presence of transverse homoclinic orbits and homoclinic bifurcations for weak coupling allowing also for the emergence of hyperchaos. In contrast, we also prove that the time evolution of the two coupled particles attains a completely synchronised (chaotic) state for strong enough coupling between them. The resulting "freezing of dimensionality" rules out the occurrence of hyperchaos. Second, we address coherent collective particle transport provided by regular periodic motion. A subharmonic Melnikov analysis is utilised to investigate persistence of periodic orbits. For directed particle transport mediated by rotating periodic motion, we present exact results regarding the collective character of the running solutions entailing the emergence of a current. We show that coordinated energy exchange between the particles takes place in such a manner that they are enabled to overcome--one particle followed by the other--consecutive barriers of the periodic potential resulting in collective directed motion.     

恢复系数及重力加速度的落球弹跳法测量

建立了钢珠与玻璃板间的弹跳碰撞模型,推导出恢复系数及重力加速度的测量公式,借助声音传感器采集了碰撞产生的脉冲声信号,同时测得恢复系数和重力加速度.