An optical system for measuring the eccentricity of glass wool pipe — for industrial use

An optical system for measuring the eccentricity of the glass wool pipe has been developed for an industrial use. The system consists of a contact sensor, a photo light sensor and a signal processing system with a logic circuit. The system is simple, fast and efficient for practical use; it allows implementation of on-line process monitoring and alarm warning signals for unacceptable pipe eccentricity during manufacturing.     

A simple optical method for the measurement of glass wool fiber diameter

An optical method for measuring glass wool fiber diameter has been proposed and discussed from the viewpoint of practical use. The method is based on both light scattering and light reflection on the glass wool. The method can measure the mean fiber diameter, d, in the area illuminated by laser light in realtime. The accuracy of the method, i.e., the dimensional resolution, was found to be about 0·7 μm within the diameter range of d7·0 μm.     

Light attenuation in a semitransparent foam sheet-Thickness measurement for industrial use

An optical method for measuring the thickness of heterogeneous materials has been studied. The method is based on the light attenuation theory. A complete system has been constructed in order to demonstrate the applicability of the present method for industrial use. The experimental set-up consists of semiconductor lasers, focusing lenses, photo-diodes serving as a power meter and a personal computer with an A/D converter for data acquisition. Averaging of numerous measurements is required in the present method because the heterogeneous cell structure of the foam material yields large fluctuations in transmitted light levels. The fluctuations can be reduced to below 1% of the transmitted light power by 80 times averaging. The error of the measurement is considered to be a few tens of micrometers in thickness. The present system is capable of sampling data at a rate of 400 Hz and has been successfully applied to a manufacturing process.     

Measured anisotropic air flow resistivity and sound attenuation of glass wool

The air flow resistivity of glass wool has been measured in different directions. The glass wool was delivered from the manufacturer as slabs measuring 100x600x900 mm3, where the surface 600x900 mm2 was parallel with the conveyor belt used in the manufacturing. Directions in the glass wool are described by a coordinate system with the X axis perpendicular to the conveyor belt, the Z axis in the direction the conveyor belt moves, and the Y axis perpendicular to the two other axes. It was found that the resistivities in the Y and Z directions were equal in all cases. For density 14 kg/m3 the mean resistivity in the X direction was 5.88 kPa s m(-2) and in the Y direction 2.94 kPa s m(-2). For density 30 kg/m3 the mean resistivity in the X direction was 15.5 kPa s m(-2) and in the Y direction 7.75 kPa s m(-2). A formula for prediction of resistivity for other densities is given. By comparing measured values of sound attenuation with results calculated from resistivity data, it is demonstrated that the measured attenuation can be predicted in a simple manner.     

可见-近红外光谱用于鉴别山羊绒与细支绵羊毛的研究

近红外光谱作为快速、无损的检测技术,近年来在国内外越来越受到广泛关注。针对山羊绒与细支绵羊毛的可见／近红外光谱的特点,提出了应用主成分分析(PCA)结合人工神经网络（ANN）进行山 羊绒与细支绵羊毛的鉴别,并建立了羊毛、羊绒分析模型。应用可见／近红外反射光谱获取山羊绒与细支绵羊毛的光谱曲线,利用主成分分析对原始光谱数据进行处理,根据主成分的累计贡献率99.8%选 取主成分数6,并将所选取的6个主成分作为三层BP神经网络的输入。通过定标集样本对BP神经网络进行训练,用优化的BP神经网络模型对预测集样本进行预测。实验结果表明,16个未知样本的鉴别全部 正确,表明可见／近红外光谱结合主成分分析和神经网络技术对山羊绒与细支绵羊毛进行快速鉴别是可行的。     

Research on micro-optical lenses fabrication technology

We present a detail investigation on the development of a series of gradient index (GRIN) optical glass microlens and polymer microlens and microlens arrays in our laboratory in recent years. The special glass material GRIN lenses have been fabricated mainly by using ion-exchange technology, which are applied to construct micro-optic devices and other applications. On one hand, we demonstrated the light propagation and imaging properties of GRIN lenses and the results analyzed. On the other hand, we have explored a drop-on-demand ink-jet printing method to produce microlens array using nano-scale polymer droplets involved with a uniform ultraviolet light and heat solidifying process. The experimental setup for manufacturing polymer microlens array and the performance of refractive microlens elements are also given in this paper.     

热声谐振管品质因数的实验研究

回热器中填充了玻璃丝绵,在声驱动的热声谐振管中发生共振,通过测量谐振频率,分析热声谐振管的频率特性,辨识谐振管的品质因数,其测量结果能与理论计算值较好的吻合。实验证实,品质因数是评价热声谐振管工作性能的重要参数。     

Non-linear elastic behavior of light fibrous materials

Light fibrous materials composed of elastic fibers display a non-linear elastic behavior, where the non-linearity is due to the increase in the number of contacts between fibers under compression. Testing glass wool under compression up to 95% shows such a strongly non-linear behavior. A model is proposed to account for the divergence of the compressive stress as the strain approaches a threshold compression , with . Quantitative analysis of the experimental data on glass wool is fully consistent with this result. Received 2 February 1999     

位相物体激光全息二次曝光法无损检测

为借助激光全息进行无损检测，获得位相物体的信息，对位相物体激光全息二次曝光法无损检测进行了研究，指出一般的二次曝光法测位相物体典型光路的缺点，提出了物光波2次通过样品的改进方案。利用此方案对一些位相物体(如普通玻璃和有机玻璃)作了无损检测实验，得到了较满意的实验结果。与普通检测方法相比，该方法具有精度高、结果直接可靠、不损伤物体等诸多优点。对改进方案稍作改动，即可用于塑料制品和玻璃制品生产线对加工产品进行在线产品质量监控。     

微型石英敏感平板玻璃零件参数的激光视觉测量研究

高精度、快速非接触的平板玻璃零件的几何参数测量,已成为相关生产领域的主要问题,也是激光光谱学的一个重要应用方向。平板玻璃零件几何参数的准确检测不仅有助于加工工艺的改进和产品装配精度的提高,还可以实现按参数分档管理。为实现微型石英敏感平板玻璃零件参数的精密测量,提出了一种基于激光与视觉图像处理技术的多参数测量方法,设计了由自适应同轴视觉检测单元和激光视觉厚度测量单元构成的测试系统。为了保证其中的半导体激光器LD(laser diode)能提供稳定的光源,设计了一种恒功率驱动控制系统。在亚像素图像处理中给出了改进的亚像素边缘定位算法,实现了二次曲线特征边缘亚像素精确定位。利用检测出的曲线边缘点数据,通过定义一个新的误差函数并最小化,可以计算出微型石英敏感平板玻璃零件参数,从而实现图像特征参数的精确提取。在实验室条件下进行微型石英敏感平板玻璃零件几何参数的检测试验,测量结果的平均偏差优于2 μm。该方法稳定性好,测量精度高,满足微型石英敏感平板玻璃零件参数检测的精度要求。     

玻璃基底Wolter-1型X射线聚焦镜研制及测试

Wolter-1型X射线聚焦镜可将掠入射的X射线反射至焦平面处,具有较强的成像探测能力,在天文探测等领域中具有重要作用.通过建立几何模型对反射镜面及反射光线方程进行理论计算,推导出了适用于以玻璃为基底材料的聚焦镜设计参数方程,可用于对此类聚焦镜进行理论设计,依据理论设计,采用具有极高表面光洁度的超薄肖特D263T玻璃经热弯成型后作为反射镜基底,在反射镜表面制备金属铱薄膜作为反射膜研制了Wolter-1型反射镜组,并使用激光三维扫描仪对所研制的聚焦镜片面型进行了测试.测试结果显示,实际镜片面型与理想镜片面型公差在10 μm以内的测试点占总测试点的50%.通过搭建可见光条件下的焦斑测试系统,使用图像采集相机采集焦斑的灰度图像,通过图像分析软件分析计算该灰度图像的灰度分布来定量分析焦斑的能量分布情况,从而确定焦斑特性参数.实验结果显示：研制出的聚焦镜片焦距为1.6 m,焦斑的半能量包围直径为0.33 mm,对应角分辨率为0.7角分.     

Anti-reflection layer formed by monolayer of microspheres

In this study, we demonstrate a cost-effective method to deposit an anti-reflection coating on glass. Hexagonally arranged layers are formed by a monolayer of microspheres deposited by a dip-coating method. After the deposition of the microspheres with diameter of 200 nm, the forward transmission of the glass substrate is enhanced from 88.8% to 97.2% at an incident wavelength of 600 nm, demonstrating that the nano-scale monolayer coating of microspheres can be used as an anti-reflection layer. This method can be applied to organic light emitting diodes and solar cells in order to enhance the forward transmission of the light at the interface of the optoelectronic devices.     

Time-resolved investigations of radiophotoluminescence in metaphosphate glass dosimeters

Silver-activated metaphosphate glass samples show a dose-dependent radiophotoluminescence (RPL) after exposure to ionizing radiation. RPL is discriminated from stray light and parasitic luminescence due to the different decay times by use of uv-laser pulse excitation and time-resolved photon detection. A computer controlled single-photon counting system is set up for quantitative evaluation of the RPL signal. A linear relationship between RPL and absorbed dose is proven down to the sub-mGy range. The measuring technique allows glass dosimeters to be applied even at doses corresponding to the environmental radiation incidence per month.     

位相调制的实时联合变换相关器

提出一种位相调制的实时联合变换相关器。它采用液晶显示屏作为输入器件，用液晶光阀记录和显示联合功率谱。利用液晶显示屏上的光栅状结构的衍射级，提高光能的利用率，并充分利用液晶光阀的有效使用面积。采用成像透镜放大各衍射级的联合频谱，适应液晶光阀较低的分辨率要求。在相关器的光路中插入两块倾斜的平行平面玻璃板，以改变各衍射级的参考图像和目标图像之间的位相差。这种方法可产生比传统的实时联合变换相关器更好的输出相关性能。实验结果证实了该系统设计及性能分析的正确性     

Ion Beam Polishing for K9 Glass

K9 glass is a common material of optics and micro system, with cheaper price and better processing function. With the development of the optical and micro system, the technique of manufacturing micron/nanometer dimensions microstructure and micro device on K9 glass has used in photoelectron, microwave and diffraction optics device et al The coarse surface of optics and microwave device can cause the light scattering and signal losing, and the function of device reduced. So the supersmooth surface plays an important role in optic and microwave device.     

An opto-electrical method for measuring the gap of LCD glass plates

We focus on the experimented system development for the measurement of the gap of LCD glass plates. The measurement system includes a laser light source, lens module, image capturing system and the algorithm for calculation of the position of light spots. We emphasize the structure of laser triangulation in an optical system. The software is focused on the algorithm for calculating the position of light point, including centroid calculation method (CCM) and Fourier phase shift (FPS).

Furthermore, to verify the feasibility of the algorithm, we use computer software to simulate experiments. We also discuss the contribution of the noise to the accuracy for the CCM and FPS. To complete the development of the opto-electrical measurement system and to verify the accuracy for the hardware architecture, we use a novel mechanism of multi-track and concentricity, laser light source, lens module, and image capturing system.     

一种适用于玻璃生产线的瑕疵检测算法

以一个基于线阵CCD的玻璃生产线检测系统为硬件平台,重点研究了玻璃瑕疵的检测算法。首先提出了卡尔曼滤波器跟踪背景光强变化的方法,利用瑕疵在时间轴上造成的灰度突变来识别瑕疵的到来与结束,然后通过形态学的方法对瑕疵点的坐标进行定位,最后将玻璃瑕疵的位置坐标及其图像送至上位计算机进行分类处理。本文的算法已经固化于FPGA构成的实时处理系统中,实现了精度高达0.1mm的玻璃瑕疵实时检测。     

便携式镀膜玻璃光学透过率测定仪

采用简单的双光路测量原理，将测试光路和参考光路的光信号，经各自的光电信号处理系统处理后送入模拟除法器，从而实现透率的测量，其结果采用７／２位数显器直接显示。     

基于改进U-Net++和近红外光谱技术的羊毛含量快速定性分析方法研究

羊毛制品因其柔软、保暖性好等优点广受欢迎,羊毛含量是衡量这类产品质量的重要依据。目前市场上羊毛制品质量参差不齐,传统检测方法具有破坏性大、主观性强等缺点,已无法满足实时快速评估目标羊毛制品质量情况的需求。近红外光谱技术是一种无需破坏样品结构、可模型封装操作的快速测量方法。将近红外光谱技术和深度学习技术融合,提出了一种基于注意力机制和U-Net++网络的羊毛含量快速定性分析方法。在数据准备方面,使用手持便携式光谱仪采集羊毛制品样本的光谱数据,其波段范围为908.1～1 676.2 nm,并根据其含量的不同对原始样本进行了等级划分。为减少光谱采集方式对建模数据集的影响,针对同一样本在距探头5, 6, 8, 9和19 mm 5种高度,分别采集了5次光谱数据,并使用马氏距离法剔除异常样本,最终共5 125组光谱数据用于建模。在模型选择方面,U-Net++网络可通过下采样、跳跃连接和上采样等环节实现对光谱数据的特征提取,并进一步对样本进行分类预测。然而,该网络使用了大量密集的跳跃连接,易产生模型参数冗余、低层特征被重复使用等问题。鉴于此,在原始网络的基础上引入了注意力门控模块,可以更有效地提取特...     

基于斯托克斯参量的光弹性应力分布及成像方法研究

提出了一种基于斯托克斯参量测量的实时光弹性应力测量及其成像的新方法,对该方法的原理及参量测量方法进行了深入研究。根据分振幅斯托克斯参量测量原理设计一个实验系统,利用Equator-Poles(E-P)法定标系统,采用4个性能一致的光电探测器实现光束斯托克斯参量的快速实时测量。用实验系统测量单色平面偏振光通过光弹性样品后的斯托克斯参量,求得出射与入射偏振光的相位延迟量,再求得样品的应力值。运用该方法对有应力分布的平板玻璃和轴向受压有机玻璃进行测量并扫描成像,得到它们的应力分布图像。结果表明,该方法能够准确、快速和无损地测量光弹性样品任意位置的应力,实现对应力的实时测量。