同步辐射显微技术在高分子材料结构研究中的应用

高分子材料以其优异的性能广泛应用于人类生活的每个角落,但其发展受限于研究手段.基于同步辐射先进光源的研究方法(如散射、吸收和成像等)具有高的空间、时间和能量分辨的优势,是揭示高分子材料多尺度结构形成和演化动力学最有效的工具之一.文章结合作者和国内外同行的工作,以具体案例的形式介绍了同步辐射技术在高分子材料结构研究中的应用.希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用,吸引更多的从事高分子材料结构研究的同行利用同步辐射开展科学研究,同时希望更多的进行物理学研究的同行来帮助回答高分子物理的一些基本科学问题.     

合肥光源在功能材料领域中的应用

正1.引言合肥同步辐射光源用户在功能材料科学研究领域,包括拓扑量子材料、金属氧化物和相变材料、半导体和功能陶瓷材料以及高分子功能材料等多个方向开展了持续深入的探索,取得了一系列具有国际影响力的研究成果,为我国相关领域的发展起到了重要的推动作用。本文挑选了具有代表性的成果来展示合肥同步辐射光源在功能材料领域中的重要应用和研究进展。     

用同步辐射X射线研究材料结构

使用同步辐射X射线进行材料的散射、衍射和吸收实验要比用一般X射线源的实验能提供新的、更精确、更详细的结构信息。同步辐射实验技术已发展到经常用于解决材料结构问题广泛领域的阶段。本文评述了作为材料原子级结构研究的同步辐射X射线散射和吸收技术的新进展,描述了包括表面和界面结构、局域结构、晶体结构和晶体缺陷在内的某些结构研究新例子,也提及最新发展和展望。     

用同步辐射X射线研究材料结构

使用同步辐射X射线进行材料的散射、衍射和吸收实验要比用一般X射线源的实验能提供新的、更精确、更详细的结构信息。同步辐射实验技术已发展到经常用于解决材料结构问题广泛领域的阶段。本文评述了作为材料原子级结构研究的同步辐射X射线散射和吸收技术的新进展,描述了包括表面和界面结构、局域结构、晶体结构和晶体缺陷在内的某些结构研究新例子,也提及最新发展和展望。     

高分子有机场效应晶体管中退火引起的自组织微观结构变化的研究

为了进一步洞悉高分子薄膜自组织机理和高分子有机场效应晶体管(OFET)载流子迁移率之间的直接关联性,本工作采用先进的同步辐射掠入射X射线衍射(GIXRD)技术,研究了高分子OFET中高分子半导体高度区域规则的聚(3-己基噻吩)(RR-P3HT)工作层薄膜,由不同退火温度所导致的薄膜自组织微观结构的变化.GIXRD测试实验结果显示了,对于不同高分子薄膜制备方法(旋涂法及滴膜法)及不同溶液浓度(RR-P3HT溶液浓度为2.5 mg/ml及3.5 mg/ml)制备的RR-P3HT有机半导体工作层,在氮气气氛下, 关键词： 高分子有机场效应晶体管 同步辐射掠入射X射线衍射 自组织 退火     

第一届全国同步辐射软X射线和真空紫外技术与应用学术会议简讯

由中国物理学会同步辐射专业委员会主办 ,中国科学技术大学国家同步辐射实验室、中国科学院高能物理研究所同步辐射室、国家上海同步辐射中心 (筹 )、厦门大学物理与机电工程学院、中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所光谱技术研究部联合承办的第一届全国同步辐射软Ｘ射线和真空紫外技术与应用学术会议于 2 0 0 0年 11月 2 6日至 2 9日在厦门举行 .全国同步辐射学术界的用户和同行约 70余人 ,参加了这次盛会 ,厦门大学和福建省物理学会的有关领导也应邀出席了会议 .大会由冼鼎昌院士等四位专家作了邀请报告 .冼鼎昌院士在报告中阐述了世…     

北京同步辐射装置上的位相衬度成像

在北京同步辐射装置上首次用位相衬度成像方法对生物样品和复合材料进行研究,得到了非常清晰而精细的材料内部细观结构.其图像的清晰度和分辨率明显地优于吸收衬度成像 关键词： 位相衬度成像 相干光源 同步辐射硬X射线     

同步辐射技术在无序合金结构与性能研究中的应用

同步辐射装置作为大科学装置和多学科的实验平台,已成为物质结构,特别是无序物质结构研究最有效、最先进的手段之一.文章简单介绍了同步辐射技术在研究无序合金结构、液态合金结构、非晶多形态相变以及块体金属玻璃力学行为等方面的应用.随着第三代的上海同步辐射光源(SSRF)的建立,国内用户利用先进的同步辐射技术开展研究又多一个选择,相信上海光源对中国科研的发展将起剑积极的推动作用.     

同步辐射技术在无序合金结构与性能研究中的应用

同步辐射装置作为大科学装置和多学科的实验平台,已成为物质结构,特别是无序物质结构研究最有效、最先进的手段之一.文章简单介绍了同步辐射技术在研究无序合金结构、液态合金结构、非晶多形态相变以及块体金属玻璃力学行为等方面的应用.随着第三代的上海同步辐射光源（SSRF）的建立,国内用户利用先进的同步辐射技术开展研究又多一个选择, 相信上海光源对中国科研的发展将起到积极的推动作用.     

光电子能谱

 对于材料的电子结构的研究,不仅在理论上很吸引人,而且在技术上也具有极大的应用价值.近年来同步辐射中的真空紫外光源主要用来研究材料的电子结构.光电子能谱技术能直接测量描述材料电子状态的所有量子数,特别是它的能带结构--即电子能量与动量的色散关系.所以它是一种与原子、分子和凝聚态物理的核心问题相关的一种实验技术.     

Novel interface for cultural heritage at SOLEIL

The information that can be retrieved from the study of ancient materials and studies on their conservation rely strongly on the development and application of new techniques of physical analysis. This is particularly important at a time when global changes affecting our environment and way of life impose new stresses putting heritage preservation at risk. For this purpose, synchrotron techniques are particularly suited to the non- (or micro-) destructive characterisation of such heterogeneous materials, and a steep increase in the number of publications has been noticed recently from cultural heritage works using synchrotron radiation. In 2004, an interface dedicated to archaeology and cultural heritage was launched at the SOLEIL synchrotron to allow researchers from the international scientific community to be granted specific expertise. This interface aims at easing the access of researchers to the synchrotron, facilitating contacts, providing technical support and informing the community. The very first applications of SOLEIL beamlines in the heritage field are illustrated through works recently carried out at the first beamline of SOLEIL, LUCIA, currently located at the Swiss Light Source (SLS). The setup of the beamline is succinctly described. PACS 07.85.Qe; 87.59.-e     

Highly resolved transmission infrared microscopy in polymer science

Over the last few years, the use of synchrotron-based IR sources for high-resolution microspectroscopy has been a subject of great interest. The special characteristics of synchrotron radiation allow one to obtain high quality IR spectra at high spatial resolution using commercial grade IR microscopes situated at IR beamlines. The application of this technique to the study of polymeric materials is discussed, with examples from a series of heterogeneous polymeric materials, which include polymer blends and fibre-reinforced polymer composites, from studies undertaken at the MIRAGE Beamline, LURE, Paris, France.     

Fluorescence decay time measurements in tetracene crystals excited with synchrotron radiation

Fluorescence decay times from tetracene single crystals excited at room temperature with synchrotron radiation have been recorded as a function of the excitation wavelength (in the 400–500 nm range). A non-exponential decay with two decay rates is observed. The analysis of our data shows that the first singlet exciton level of tetracene (single crystal) decays radiatively mainly through, as we call it, channel 1, with a lifetime of 0.200 ± 0.020 ns. About 10% of the emitted fluorescence transits through channel 2 with a lifetime of 1.7 ± 0.2 ns. These results do not agree with previously published decay data obtained when tetracene is excited by means of powerful lasers. Thus there is experimental evidence to believe that the decay properties of condensed materials can be very dependent on the excitation density. Because synchrotron radiation compared to lasers is a very weak source, and therefore secondary effects are minimized in our experimental conditions, the decay values reported in the present work are the true lifetimes of the tetracene single crystal.     

The Electronic Properties of Nanomaterials Elucidated by Synchrotron Radiation–Based Spectroscopy

The use of synchrotron radiation–based spectroscopy to investigate electronic and bonding structures of nanostructured materials is reviewed with focuses on the X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), valence-band photoemission spectroscopy (VB-PES), and scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM) measurements. This review addresses the current status of synchrotron radiation–based nanoscale characterization of carbon-based and ZnO nanomaterials. Current research works that are relevant to this rapidly evolving experimental area and implications in nanoscience and nanotechnology are emphasized.     

Ultrafast X-ray science at the advanced light source

On May 19, 2004, 250 guests from all over the world joined the DESY research center to celebrate 40 years of research with synchrotron radiation at DESY in Hamburg. “The first measurements with the light beam from the DESY ring accelerator started in 1964. DESY was one of the seed laboratories in which the worldwide success story of research with synchrotron radiation began,” Albrecht Wagner, chairman of the DESY Board of Directors, explained in his welcoming address. “Today, more than 1,900 scientists from 31 countries come to DESY every year to carry out experiments with synchrotron radiation.”

Forty years ago, synchrotron radiation at DESY started from scratch. At the beginning of the 1960s, the radiation generated by the electrons in the bending magnets of their new 6 GeV electron synchrotron was regarded by DESY particle physicists as an unwanted, disruptive effect.     

基于同步辐射X射线相衬显微CT技术的竹木复合材料胶合界面特征研究

第三代同步辐射光源X射线相位衬度显微CT能获得样品内部结构的边缘增强图像,实现对低Z材料成像。利用上海同步辐射光源X射线相衬显微成像技术,实现了竹木复合材料中EPI和MUF胶合界面和胶黏剂渗透特征的无损探测,并基于这些特征分析了几种不同加工工艺对胶黏剂在木材和竹材中渗透的影响。该技术为人造板工艺解剖学研究提供了一种重要无损检测手段。     

Meeting Report: Fifth International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science

More than 250 scientists from 22 countries gathered in Chicago, Illinois, from July 30 to August 2, 2006, to participate in the Fifth International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science (SRMS-5). The SRMS conference is held every two years, bringing together leading-edge researchers in the materials sciences making use of synchrotron radiation. The conference, which was organized and hosted this year by Argonne National Laboratory and the Advanced Photon Source, provided an overview of the latest research developments in a broad range of areas, such as polymers and biomaterials, magnetic and superconducting materials, glasses and ceramics, engineering materials, materials under extreme conditions, complex oxides, innovative instrumentation, membranes, and thin films. The aim of SRMS-5 was to highlight recent breakthroughs in materials science using synchrotron radiation and to open doors to future innovation and discovery.     

Engineering Materials Research at ESRF

The use of synchrotron radiation in fundamental and applied materials research is expanding in Europe. Traditionally, synchrotron radiation was used to study the final properties of metal alloys. More recently, due to improvements of the sources, detectors, and experimental techniques themselves, materials processing can be studied in situ on an industrial scale. Various techniques, such as imaging, tomography, and diffraction, are used to study material processing, solidification, thermo-mechanical treatment, shaping, and mechanical behavior under various conditions such as stress and temperature. The use of these techniques in real time during the processing is essential to understand, and furthermore to optimize, the process yielding desired materials properties.     

同步辐射讲座第四讲同步辐射光50年

自1946年Blewett首次观察到同步辐射光至今已经55年，文章回顾了同步辐射光源的发展历史，着重介绍了同步辐射光源的性质，并简要介绍了同步辐射在生命科学、材料科学、原子分子科学、地球科学和环境科学以及工业等领域中的应用。